1806 results about "Linear range" patented technology

A variable feedback impedance is presented capable of providing high linearity (e.g. as represented by 1P2 and 1P3) and high linear range (e.g. as represented by P1dB) when used in a feedback path of an RF amplifier in the presence of high voltage amplitudes.

Methods and systems for expanding the dynamic range of a system are provided. One method includes splitting fluorescent light emitted by a particle into multiple light paths having different intensities, detecting the fluorescent light in the multiple light paths with different channels to generate multiple signals, and determining which of the channels is operating in a linear range based on the multiple signals. The method also includes altering the signal generated by the channel operating in the linear range to compensate for the different intensities. Another method includes illuminating a particle in multiple illumination zones with light having different intensities and separately detecting fluorescent light emitted by the particle while located in the multiple illumination zones to generate multiple signals. The method also includes determining which of the signals is located in a linear range and altering the signal located in the linear range to compensate for the different intensities.

An amplifier with adjustable (pre)distortion, a predistortion adjustment circuit, systems and networks including such amplifiers and circuits, and methods for adjusting (pre)distortion in an analog amplifier. The amplifier architecture generally includes (a) a predistortion circuit configured to (i) select a value for a predistortion function from a plurality of different predistortion values, and (ii) apply the selected predistortion value to an input signal to generate a predistorted input signal; (b) an amplifier configured to amplify the predistorted input signal and provide an output signal therefrom; and (c) an adjustment circuit configured to adjust selection of the predistortion function value in response to a predetermined parameter value of the amplifier. By adjusting the predistortion function, the amplifier provides an output signal in a linear power range over a range of amplifier parameter values and avoids overcompensation that can occur when the predistortion signal is not adjustable. Furthermore, the adjustments are made in response to changes in amplifier input and / or control parameters, enabling the amplifier to stay in the linear range, rather than respond to changes that first cause the amplifier to fall out of linearity. The systems generally include the architecture, circuit or an integrated circuit that embodies one or more of the inventive concepts disclosed herein. The methods generally include the steps of (1) predistorting an input signal in accordance with a digital predistortion function to provide a predistorted signal, (2) adjusting the digital predistortion function in response to a predetermined parameter value of an amplifier, and (3) amplifying the predistorted signal with the amplifier to produce the amplified signal.

Electromechanical devices that generate an electrical signal in response to an external source of mechanical vibrations can operate as a sensor of vibrations and as an energy harvester for converting mechanical vibration to electrical energy. The devices incorporate a magnet that is movable through a gap in a ferromagnetic circuit, wherein a coil is wound around a portion of the ferromagnetic circuit. A flexible coupling is used to attach the magnet to a frame for providing alignment of the magnet as it moves or oscillates through the gap in the ferromagnetic circuit. The motion of the magnet can be constrained to occur within a substantially linear range of magnetostatic force that develops due to the motion of the magnet. The devices can have ferromagnetic circuits with multiple arms, an array of magnets having alternating polarity and, encompass micro-electromechanical (MEM) devices.

The purpose of the present invention is to compensate the distortion of an amplifier by a predistorter which compensates the distortion of a power amplifier even when a frequency amplitude deviation exists. The predistorter comprises a distortion compensation coefficient storage unit for storing a distortion compensation coefficient corresponding to the reference value using the characteristic quantity of the envelope of a transmission signal before being inputted to the power amplifier as a reference value; and a reference value conversion unit for converting the characteristic quantity into a predetermined value according to the size of the characteristic quantity, and when the characteristic quantity is, for example, the amplitude value of an envelope and the amplitude value is small, that value is rounded up, for example, to an upper-limit value within a linear range of the amplifier.

The invention discloses an automatic focusing microscope based on an eccentric beam method and a focusing method thereof. The hardware comprises an eccentric beam defocus amount detection module, a microscopic imaging module, a piezo lens drive, an XY stage and a computer processing system. The defocus amount detection module transmits a semicircular laser beam to irradiate the surface of a sample and acquire a semicircular spot image formed by sample reflection. The computer processing system uses self-adaptive median filtering, Canny edge detection based on OSTU, the least square fitting and other algorithms to process the grayscaled spot image to acquire spot radius. According to a radius-defocus amount linear relationship model, the sample defocus amount in a field of vision can be calculated. The piezo lens drive drives a lens to compensate the defocus amount. After focusing, the microscopic imaging module acquires a clear sample image. The automatic focusing microscope based on the eccentric beam method and the focusing method thereof, which are provided by the invention, have the advantages of fast focusing speed, high focusing accuracy and large linear range, and can meet the requirement of fast and precise focusing of the microscope under a high power lens.

The invention discloses a method for highly sensitive quantitative detection of quantum dot fluorescence immunochromatographic assay. The method includes: building a fluorescence immunochromatographic assay test strip on the basis of optimizing the structure of the test strip and components by the aid of excellent fluorescent characteristics of quantum dots and by means of combining quantum dot fluorescence labeling technology and immunochromatographic assay; detecting fluorescence signal strength of a quantitative belt and a quality control belt by the aid of a fluorescence quantometer and correcting the fluorescence strength of the quantitative belt by the aid of the quality control belt after immunochromatographic assay of the test strip; and further quantitatively detecting analyte according to a standard curve obtained by the fluorescence quantometer. The method is simple, rapid, accurate, low in cost and quite high in sensitivity. Compared with a conventional colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay method, the method has the advantages of fine labeling stability, low non-specificity, high sensitivity, wide linear range and accuracy in quantization. The method is applicable to samples such as blood samples, urine samples, spittle, excrement and the like, and can be applied to detection of critical illness, poison, food safety and the like.

The invention discloses a method for screening traditional Chinese medicine effect related ingredients and a model building method. The method comprises the steps as follows: taking the researched traditional Chinese medicines as objects for preparing multiple sets of sample solutions containing chemical components with different concentrations; selecting part of the chemical components for HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis, and investigating linear relations between the peak areas and the concentrations; selecting the multiple sets of sample solutions in the linear range, and determining the respective HPLC fingerprint spectrums and the medicine effect indexes of the sample solutions; and obtaining relations between the peak areas and the medicine effect indexes of the ingredients by adopting a linear regression analysis method in the linear relation range, and confirming the actions of the medicine effect related ingredients on the medicine effect indexes according to the positive value and the negative value of the standard regression coefficients and / or the t check results of the ingredients so as to screen out the traditional Chinese medicine effect related ingredients. The method is simple, convenient, easy to implement, reliable and good in commonality, can embody the characteristics of comprehensive actions of the multiple ingredients on the medicine effect indexes, is suitable for screening the traditional Chinese medicine effect related ingredients, and provides a technical data support for discovering and screening traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients.

The invention discloses a needle amperometric determination type glucose sensor for subcutaneous tissue real-time monitoring and manufacturing method thereof. The sensor comprises a needle reference electrode (2) and at least one needle working electrode (1) including a conducting layer (8) and an enzyme membrane layer (6), and is characterized in that the working electrode (1) further comprises a polymer material inner membrane layer (7) and a polymer material control diffusion layer (5), and the conducting layer (8), the polymer material inner membrane layer (7), the enzyme membrane layer (6) and the polymer material control diffusion layer (5) are coated in turn from inner to outside. According to the manufacturing method in the invention, the glucose sensor has good stability, high flexibility, wide linear range of output current and glucose concentration, short response time, continuous real-time monitoring, good fastness and stability of enzyme bonding, high flexibility, selectivity and repeatability.

Media manipulation and sensing apparatuses having a media type detector and method for media type detection, wherein non-linear characteristics of light sensors used for measuring a media type are compensated for by adjusting for the light flux capability of one of the sensors to be greater than the light flux capability of another sensor, such that the ratio between the two sensors accurately represents the glossiness of an illuminated media. An algorithm technique is applied such that a value for a detected sensor signal, which falls in a non-linear range of a sensor characteristic curve, is extrapolated to a value that corresponds to a position on a projection of a linear portion of the sensor characteristic curve, and thereby measuring the glossiness based on the extrapolated sensor signal.

The invention discloses an immunochromatographic test strip for full quantitative detection of C-reactive protein and a preparation method thereof. The test strip is composed of a sample pad, a mark pad, a coating film and absorbent paper which are successively overlapped and adhered on a baseplate, wherein the mark pad is coated with C-reactive protein (CRP) monoclonal antibody labelled by fluorescent latex particles and rabbit IgG labelled by fluorescent latex particles; and the coating film is composed of a detection region and a quality control region, and the detection region is coated with another CRP monoclonal antibody which is at different epitope with the CRP monoclonal antibody labelled by fluorescent latex particles. The C-reactive protein immunochromatographic test strip can perform sensitive quantitative detection on the full CRP in 10 seconds, can diagnose diseases and identify infection more rapidly and accurately, and can detect infectious illness state and determine the curative effect of antibiotics; and the full CRP has two detection results, namely hs-CRP and conventional CRP, comprehensive linear range and good detection sensitivity and less required sample amount, and is very convenient to operate.

A plurality of transistors in which ratios of a channel length L to a channel width W, α=W / L, are different from each other is provided in parallel as output side transistors 105a to 105c in a current mirror circuit 101 which amplifies a photocurrent of a photoelectric conversion device and an internal resistor is connected to each of the output side transistors 105a to 105c in series. The sum of currents which flow through the plurality of transistors and the internal resistor is output, whereby a transistor with large amount of α can be driven in a linear range with low illuminance, and a transistor with small amount of α can be driven in a linear range with high illuminance, so that applicable illuminance range of the photoelectric conversion device can be widened.

A plurality of transistors in which ratios of a channel length L to a channel width W, α=W / L, are different from each other is provided in parallel as output side transistors 105a to 105c in a current mirror circuit 101 which amplifies a photocurrent of a photoelectric conversion device and an internal resistor is connected to each of the output side transistors 105a to 105c in series. The sum of currents which flow through the plurality of transistors and the internal resistor is output, whereby a transistor with large amount of α can be driven in a linear range with low illuminance, and a transistor with small amount of α can be driven in a linear range with high illuminance, so that applicable illuminance range of the photoelectric conversion device can be widened.

The invention discloses a compound color super resolution differential confocal measuring device and comprises a first super resolution differential confocal measuring device, a second super resolution differential confocal measuring device, a dichroic mirror, a partial color difference correction objective lens as well as a computer device. According to the chromatic dispersion characteristics that the focusing of optical beams with different wavelength produces an ideal translation of focusing surface, the device forms two partly overlapped linear measuring areas and achieves two linear measuring areas with the characteristics of double-polar tracking, and therefore, not only measuring range expands for nearly one times, but also cross tracking measurement of the measuring area is realized; according to the application requirement, unanimous or inconsistent transverse or axial scanning characteristics can be achieved respectively in the two linear measuring areas with independent modulation of a multi-super resolution filter, moreover, on the condition of remaining the advantages of the differential and super resolution differential confocal measuring technology, the invention expands the linear range of the measuring device significantly.

The invention discloses a latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay kit for diagnosing gastric diseases or gastric cancer, a preparation method thereof and application. Components of the kit include diluent, blank solution and a latex reagent of an antibody of pepsinogen I or an antibody of pepsinogen II and can further include a calibrator and quality control serum. The latex reagent contains nanoparticles coupled with the antibody of the pepsinogen I or the antibody of the pepsinogen II, and the particle sizes of the nanoparticles are different. The examination sensitivity cannot meet requirements when latex with the single particle size lower than 100nm is used for examination, the linear range is small when latex with the single particle size of about 200nm is used for examination, and accordingly the examination sensitivity and the linear range cannot meet requirements when latex with the single particle size is used for examination. After composite latex of the kit is used for marking, the examination sensitivity can be improved, the linear examination range can be broadened, and the latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay kit has the advantages of fast examination, high sensitivity and specificity, good accuracy and the like in terms of gastric disease or gastric cancer examination.

A vehicle stability control system diagnostic strategy, wherein the diagnostic strategy may be adaptively applied based upon the identified maneuver states of the vehicle. The diagnostic architecture contains three vehicle state observers (i.e., models) each based on inputs from only two of the three sensors (yaw rate, lateral acceleration and hand wheel angle). More particularly, the first observer does not consider lateral acceleration input. The second observer does not consider yaw rate sensor input and the third does not consider hand wheel angle (HWA) sensor input in determining the vehicle state. However, estimated vehicle speed input is used by all the observers. For example, the first observer detects a maneuver state based on yaw rate and HWA and vehicle speed inputs. Then it diagnoses the lateral acceleration sensor failure based on the observer output. The diagnostics are based on vehicle dynamics correlations that hold in steady state linear range conditions. Similarly, the other two observers detect maneuver state and diagnose the respective signals. Advantageous variants include the use of a proactive sensor diagnostics strategy that provides increased coverage during steady state linear range maneuvers while simultaneously detecting faults within the required fault response time.

Networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) decorated with Au-coated Pd (Au / Pd) nanocubes are employed as electrochemical biosensors that exhibit excellent sensitivity (2.6 mA mM−1 cm−2) and a low estimated detection limit (2.3 nM) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 (S / N=3) in the amperometric sensing of hydrogen peroxide. Biofunctionalization of the Au / Pd nanocube-SWCNT biosensor is demonstrated with the selective immobilization of fluorescently labeled streptavidin on the nanocube surfaces via thiol linking. Similarly, glucose oxidase (GOx) is linked to the surface of the nanocubes for amperometric glucose sensing. The exhibited glucose detection limit of 1.3_M (S / N=3) and linear range spanning from 10 μM to 50 mM substantially surpass other CNT-based biosensors. These results, combined with the structure's compatibility with a wide range of biofunctionalization procedures, would make the nanocube-SWCNT biosensor exceptionally useful for glucose detection in diabetic patients and well suited for a wide range of amperometric detection schemes for biomarkers.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a disulfide dot / nanosheet compound DNA electrochemical probe. The method concretely comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out ultrasonic peeling on transition metal disulfide powder, carrying out high-temperature electromagnetic stirring to prepare a transition metal disulfide quantum dot / nanosheet compound, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the compound in a thionine and ionic liquid dispersion liquid to prepare a thionine functionalized compound; 2, dispersing the compound prepared in step 1 in an organic solvent to prepare a suspension, dispensing the suspension on an electrode, and drying to obtain a compound modified electrode; and 3, carrying out electrochemical test on a three-electrode system formed by the electrode produced in step 2 in a buffer solution, injecting different concentrations of a DNA solution, testing, recording the change of the electrochemical signal of the electrode, and constructing a DNA electrochemical probe system. The probe has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, wide linear range and low detection limit, can be used in detection of DNA in serum, and has wide application prospect in biological analysis and clinic diagnosis fields.

The invention relates to a non-labeled electrochemical immune sensor for detecting diethylstilbestrol and a preparation method and application of the sensor. The immune sensor comprises a substrate electrode; and after nanometer gold is deposited on the surface of the substrate electrode, a graphene-diethylstilbestrol-chitosan complex is modified, and non-specific active loci are sealed by bovineserum albumin. The preparation method comprises the following step of: after depositing the nanometer gold on the surface of the substrate electrode, enveloping graphene and the diethylstilbestrol byusing chitosan and fixing to the surface of the electrode. In the immune sensor, on the basis of a competitive mode of immune reaction, the immune reaction is monitored by taking K3Fe(CN)6 as a probeand by differential pulse voltammetry, so the immune sensor can be used for detecting the diethylstilbestrol. The non-labeled electrochemical immune sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivityand specificity, quick on-site detection, low cost and the like; and a detection method is simple and wide in application range, the detection limit can reach 0.1 ng / ml, and the linear range is between 0.5 and 1,500 ng / ml.

This invention provides a novel methods and devices for measurement of particle concentration or changes in particle concentration over a wide linear range. The invention comprises one or more radiation sources and one or more detectors contained in a housing which is interfaced to a medium containing particulate matter. The one or more radiation sources are directed into the medium, scattered or transmitted by the particulate matter, and then some portion of the radiation is detected by the one or more detectors. Methods for confining the measurement to a specific volume within the medium are described. Algorithms are provided for combining the signals generated by multiple source-detector pairs in a manner that results in a wide linear range of response to changes in particle concentration. In one embodiment the sensor provides non-invasive measurements of biomass in a bioreactor. In another embodiment an immersible probe design is described, which may be suited for one-time use. In an addition embodiment, a sensor is provided which is well suited to the rapid sequential measurement of particle concentration in multiple vessels, such as assessment of biomass in series of shake flasks.

The invention relates to a liquid double-reagent kit for measuring free light chains in serum or urine by a double-latex method. The kit provided by the invention comprises a reagent R1, a reagent R2 and a light chain antigen calibrator with known concentration, wherein the reagent R1 comprises a macromolecular accelerant, a preservative, a surface active agent, a reaction promoter, a stabilizer, an electrolyte and a buffer solution; R2 comprises two types of latex particles with different diameters, wherein the diameters of the latex particles are respectively in ranges from 40nm to 80nm and from 100nm to 200nm; the two types of latex particles are both cross linked with kappa-type or lambda-type anti-FLC (full-load current) polyclonal antibody, and the latex particles comprise the preservative, the surface active agent, the reaction promoter, the electrolyte, the stabilizer and the buffer solution; the light chain antigen calibrator with known concentration comprises the preservative, the electrolyte, the stabilizer, kappa-type or lambda-type FLC antigen and the buffer solution. The kit in the invention has the advantages that the specificity is strong, the sensitivity is high, the linear range is wide, the operation is simple, and the kit is suitable for various full automatic biochemical analyzers.

A method for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of the time-domain signal in a communication system using multi-carrier modulation is provided herein. The present invention is based on the method of recursive clipping and filtering to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio and out-of-band spectrum, but during the recursive process, the distortion of the multi-carrier modulated signal is controlled to be bounded within a specific region. In an additive white Gaussian noise channel with high signal-to-noise ratio, the present invention could achieve significantly lower error rate and the error floor phenomenon is almost completely removed. Therefore the power amplifier could be operated at higher average output power and a smaller range of linearity.

The invention relates to a doped nano sensitive material for monitoring benzene, which is characterized in that: the doped nano sensitive material consists of Ag atom-doped TiO2, Fe2O3 and Al2O3 powder, wherein the content ranges of the components are that: the content range of Ag is 10 to 12 percent, the content range of TiO2 is 30 to 40 percent, the content range of Fe2O3 is 25 to 35 percent, and the content range of Al2O3 is 15 to 25 percent; and the grain diameter is less than 30nm. Benzene sensors prepared from the sensitive material provided by the invention have wide linear range, goodselectivity and high sensitivity, can monitor micro benzene in the air on line, and are not influenced by coexisting substances.

The invention relates to a nano-sensitive material for monitoring sulfur dioxide, which is characterized in that chromatic salt and aluminum salt are used as initial materials, and Cr2O3 and Al2O3 nano-powders doped with Pd atoms are prepared after the processes of dissolving, aging, evaporating, drying, grinding, roasting, doping, baking and the like, wherein the content ranges of all the components are as follows: 1-2% of Pd, 40-45% of Cr2O3 and 53-59% of Al2O3, and the particle sizes of all the components are less than 30nm. A sulfur dioxide sensor prepared from the sensitive material disclosed by the invention has the advantages of wider linear range, better selectivity, higher sensitivity and long service life of over 150 h; and micro sulfur dioxide in air can be detected on line without the influence from coexist substances.

The invention relates to a kit of latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetry for detecting content of glycocholic acid in blood serum. Specifically, the provided glycocholic acid detection kit comprises a reagent R1, a reagent R2 and a calibrator, wherein the reagent R1 comprises a reaction promotion agent, a preservative, a surface active agent, a stabilizer, an electrolyte and a buffer solution; the reagent R2 comprises latex particles combined with a glycocholic acid antibody, a preservative, a surface active agent, a stabilizer, an electrolyte and a buffer solution; and the calibrator comprises a preservative, an electrolyte, a stabilizer, glycocholic acid pure products and a buffer solution. The kit for detecting the content of the glycocholic acid in the blood serum, disclosed by the invention, ensures the high sensitivity and wide linear range of a kit by utilizing a method of coating the latex particles by utilizing polyclonal antibodies, also has the advantages of high accuracy, good repeatability, strong specificity, simplicity in operation and the like, and can be applied to a clinical general full automatic biochemical analyzer.

A system and method of auto-exposure control is provided for image acquisition hardware using three dimensional information to identify a region(s) of interest within an acquired 2D image or images upon which to apply traditional auto-exposure techniques. By performing auto-exposure analysis over the region of interest, the acquisition property settings can be assigned such that the light levels within the region of interest fall within the linear range, producing sufficient grayscale information for identifying particular objects and profiles in subsequently acquired images. For example, in a machine vision application that detects people passing through a doorway, the region of interest can be the portion of the 2D image that generated 3D features of a head and shoulders profile within a 3D model of the doorway scene. With higher quality images, more accurate detection of people candidates within the monitored scene results.

The invention provides a kit for simultaneously detecting RBP in a urine sample and a serum sample. The kit comprises a reagent R1 and a reagent R2, the reagent R1 is a polymer buffer solution having an agglomeration promotion effect, the reagent R2 is a buffer solution containing a latex-antibody crosslink, and the latex-antibody crosslink comprises anti-RBP polyclonal antibody marked large latex particles and anti-RBP monoclonal antibody marked small latex particles. The kit which adopts a composite monoclonal and polyclonal antibody sensitized latex enhanced immune detection method has the advantages of simultaneous satisfying of the requirements comprising good specificity, high sensitivity and wide linear range, small antibody application amount, and cost reduction, and can be simultaneously used for the clinic detection of the RBP in human blood and urine.

The invention relates to a method for detecting thrombin with an electrochemical aptamer sensor based on aptamer-gold nanoparticle-horseradish peroxidase signal amplification, belonging to the technical field of analytical chemistry, characterized in that: a thrombin aptamer I is fixed on the gold coated magnetic nanoparticles as a capture probe, an aptamer II is double-labeling by gold nanoparticle and horseradish peroxidase to form an aptamer-gold nanoparticle-horseradish peroxidase composite as a detection probe; the capture probe and the detection probe are combined with thrombin to form a [gold coated magnetic nanoparticle-aptamer I] / thrombin / [ aptamer II-gold nanoparticle-horseradish peroxidase] sandwich structure; and the sandwich structure is fixed on the surface of the electrode, and thrombin is detected through enzyme catalytic reaction. The method has the advantages of simple operation, rapid response, high sensitivity, and strong specificity. The detection limit of thrombin is 30 fmol.L<-1>, and the linear range is 0.1-60 pmol.L<-1>.

The invention relates to an azido-containing naphthalimide compound and applications of the azido-containing naphthalimide compound in detecting hydrogen sulfide, wherein the azido-containing naphthalimide compound is constituted by a novel fluorescence molecular probe and three different detection systems. The fluorescence molecular probe makes use of reducibility of the hydrogen sulfide; the spectrum of the compound is obviously changed before and after the fluorescence molecular probe reacts with the hydrogen sulfide, and the color is changed to be yellow from nearly colorless; different surfactants are added into the solution, so that the response time can be changed and the linear detection range on the hydrogen sulfide is expanded. The technology is characterized by sensitive reaction, fast response speed and wide linear range, and is particularly suitable for detecting the content of the hydrogen sulfide in organisms.