144 results about "Silver electrode" patented technology

The robot simulation skin structure comprises a temperature control unit and an evaporation heat dissipation unit, the temperature control unit comprises a flexible base layer and a silver electrode layer, the silver electrode layer covers the flexible base layer, the flexible base layer is made of a flexible PTC material, the evaporation heat dissipation unit comprises a liquid storage layer and an opening and closing door, and the opening and closing door is made of a flexible PTC material. The opening and closing door covers the liquid storage layer, the opening and closing door is a shape memory alloy opening and closing door or a shape memory polymer opening and closing door, and heat dissipation liquid is arranged in the liquid storage layer. Therefore, according to the simulated skin structure, the temperature sensing function, the self-adaptive heating function and the evaporative heat dissipation function are integrated into a single flexible structure, the autonomous response of local heat management can be achieved without an external complex control system, and therefore an extra sensor, an extra controller and an extra complex circuit are omitted; independent work and quick response of each local area are realized, and the system structure is greatly simplified.

The invention discloses copper paste, an electrode and a preparation method and application of the electrode, the electrode comprises copper powder, the copper powder comprises nano-copper particles and flaky copper powder, the nano-copper particles comprise at least two connected copper nanoparticles, and the adjacent copper nanoparticles are connected in a surface contact mode. According to the electrode disclosed by the invention, the nano-copper particles formed by connecting more than two copper nano-particles are filled in the gap areas among the large-size flaky copper powder, so that the nano-copper particles are in direct contact with the flaky copper powder, conductive channels among the conductive particles are smoother, and the structure of the electrode is more compact due to the filling of the nano-copper particles; the bulk resistance of the electrode is greatly reduced and is equal to the conductivity of a silver electrode; the nano-copper particles can also be used as an auxiliary adhesive after being sintered and cured, so that the adhesive force between the copper grid line and the solar cell is improved, and the connection between the grid line and the solar cell is firmer.

The invention provides a method for testing the contact resistance of a solar cell film, which comprises the following steps of: preparing a plurality of multi-layer stacked test samples with different thicknesses, and alternately depositing an amorphous silicon film and a transparent conductive oxide film on a glass substrate of each sample to form a horizontal laminated structure; respectively arranging silver electrodes on the left side and the right side of each sample for performing voltage-current volt-ampere test, and recording the total resistance of each sample in a specified voltage range and the change condition of the total resistance along with the thickness of the film layer; electrode contact resistance is measured and deducted; reversely deducing the resistance value when the thickness of the film layer is 0 through an extrapolation method to obtain the contact resistance between the film layers; and calculating the contact resistance of a single interface according to the number of contact interfaces of the amorphous silicon film and the transparent conductive oxide film in the sample. The method is suitable for a test system under different manufacture procedures and thickness changes, and quantitative extraction of the contact resistance between the amorphous silicon and the TCO is achieved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a solar cell by inhibiting perovskite iodine migration and modifying a thin film through a piperazine derivative, and belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells. According to the method, a piperazine derivative is used between a perovskite layer and an electron transport layer, so that the piperazine derivative has the functions of modifying a perovskite thin film and inhibiting iodine migration. A modified perovskite light absorption layer is obtained by spin-coating a piperazine derivative solution on the surface of perovskite. The piperazine derivative can act with the iodine simple substance generated after the perovskite material is degraded, and decomposes the iodine simple substance to generate iodide ions, so that further degradation of the perovskite film is prevented, contact between the iodine simple substance and a silver electrode is reduced, and the stability of perovskite is improved. Meanwhile, the material can effectively passivate lead site defects on the surface of the perovskite thin film, and non-radiative recombination generated at the defects is reduced. According to the method, perovskite degradation and silver electrode damage caused by iodine elementary substance volatilization can be effectively inhibited, and an efficient and stable perovskite solar cell device is finally obtained.

The invention discloses a crosslinking self-assembly hole blocking layer material containing siloxane and anchoring groups, and belongs to the field of perovskite solar cells. In the hole blocking layer material, the siloxane component triggers alcoholysis reaction in an isopropanol medium to form a silane precursor with hydroxyl; si-OH groups between adjacent molecules are subjected to a condensation reaction to form a Si-O-Si cross-linked network; meanwhile, a Si-OH group in the precursor and an ester group on the surface of a PCBM molecule are subjected to an ester exchange process, and Si-O-C covalent linkage is constructed to realize chemical anchoring of PCBM; and an anchoring functional group at the tail end of the material and the surface of a silver electrode form a strong coordination effect, so that thermally-driven silver atom migration is effectively inhibited, and performance degradation of the perovskite solar cell under a high-temperature working condition is remarkably relieved. The invention opens up a new way for improving the thermal stability of the perovskite solar cell, and effectively solves the problem of device stability caused by metal electrode ion diffusion.

The invention provides a method for recycling battery pieces from waste photovoltaic panels, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization. According to the method, residual EVA decomposition and aluminum back electrode recycling are achieved through selective alkali liquor treatment, then silicon wafers are obtained through acid leaching recycling, the silver electrode is further recycled through electrolytic treatment, the treatment process is simplified, and the recycling cost is reduced; in addition, the recovery rate of aluminum and silver is high.

The utility model discloses an integrated solid-state nanopore biological detector, which relates to the technical field of biological detection and comprises a fluid pool shell, a solid-state nanopore silicon nitride chip and a PCB (printed circuit board), a sample injection hole is arranged on the fluid pool shell, the solid-state nanopore silicon nitride chip is arranged in the fluid pool shell, and the solid-state nanopore silicon nitride chip is arranged in the PCB. A silicon nitride window corresponding to the solid-state nanopore silicon nitride chip is formed in the fluid pool shell, a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is fixed in the fluid pool shell, an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) storage chip, a magnetic connector and silver electrodes are arranged on the PCB, and the silver electrodes are positioned on two sides of the silicon nitride window. According to the utility model, the RFID storage chip is arranged, so that the key information of the biological detector is stored and traced, and the problem of information management disorder in the prior art is solved; the RFID storage chip can store key information of the biological detector for a long time, and the integrity and traceability of the data are ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of oxygen free radical detection, in particular to a manufacturing process of a portable and reliable oxygen free radical detector. Comprising the following steps: mixing superoxide dismutase, potassium ferricyanide, an isothiazolinone preservative, hexammine ruthenium chloride, polyethylene glycol octylphenol ether, trehalose and bovine serum albumin, and uniformly stirring to prepare an enzyme preparation; mixing an enzyme preparation with the high polymer material solution to form reagent layer slurry with viscosity; uniformly coating the reagent layer slurry on a substrate material, and drying; printing an electrode material on the substrate material to form a working electrode and a counter electrode; the silver electrode is placed in an electrolyte containing chloride ions, potential is applied, the silver surface is subjected to a chlorination reaction, and a silver / silver chloride electrode is formed; covering the reagent layer above the electrode, tightly combining the reagent layer with the electrode in a sticking or hot pressing manner, and cutting to obtain the test paper; the prepared portable oxygen free radical detector can be used for conveniently and efficiently detecting oxygen free radicals of a human body at low cost.

The invention discloses a wafer capacitor adopting a carbon fiber pin and a production process and production equipment thereof. The wafer capacitor comprises a wafer capacitor body, a silver electrode and the carbon fiber pin. The production process comprises the steps of adsorbent preparation, carbon fiber wrapping with the adsorbent, pre-reduction reaction, insulation layer wrapping and wafer capacitor preparation. The production equipment comprises a lifting pool, a silver ion soaking pool, a phosphorous acid soaking pool, a hot extrusion mechanism, an extruder and a laser welding unit. According to the method, carbon fibers are wrapped with an adsorbent with high silver adsorption, a porous conductive carbon fiber structure with a nano-silver wire network is produced through pre-reduction of a reducing agent and a high-temperature reducing atmosphere reaction, and tin-free welding is carried out on a high-silver-content modified carbon fiber pin and silver on the surface of a wafer capacitor through laser welding; and the obtained product has the advantages of light weight, high strength, high conductivity, high welding strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, so that the wafer capacitor adapts to a severe environment, and the application range is widened.

The invention discloses a composite wafer narrow pulse stress sensor and a preparation method thereof, the composite wafer narrow pulse stress sensor comprises a piezoelectric body, a silver electrode and a ceramic protection layer, the piezoelectric body comprises a plurality of piezoelectric microcolumns and an organic silicon resin matrix, the plurality of piezoelectric microcolumns are distributed in the organic silicon resin matrix at intervals, and the piezoelectric microcolumns are arranged in the organic silicon resin matrix. The organic silicon resin matrix comprises silicon carbide powder and methyl phenyl silicone resin, the silver electrodes are arranged on the two opposite sides of the piezoelectric body in the first direction, and the ceramic protection layer is located on the sides, away from the piezoelectric body, of the silver electrodes in the first direction. According to the composite wafer narrow pulse stress sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention, the composite wafer narrow pulse stress sensor can easily excite a narrow pulse signal, so that the difficulty of processing an ultrasonic signal excited by the composite wafer narrow pulse stress sensor by a subsequent processing module can be effectively reduced; and the precision of the stress measured according to the ultrasonic signal excited by the composite wafer narrow pulse stress sensor can be improved.

The present invention provides a silver electrode having smaller change in resistivity due to temperature change as compared with the related arts, and a method of manufacturing the silver electrode. The silver electrode is configured to have one peak in a range of a diffraction angle 2θ=37.5° to 38.3° in an X-ray diffraction pattern measured by an X-ray diffractometer using a CuKα1 ray, and a change rate of the diffraction angle of the peak after heated at 150° C. for 30 minutes is less than or equal to 0.5%. In this way, the silver electrode has smaller change in resistivity due to temperature change as compared with the related arts.

The application discloses a kind of bromine iodine lead cesium perovskite solar cells of doping magnesium bromide prepared in low humidity environment and preparation method thereof, belong to perovskite photovoltaic technical field, including ITO transparent conductive glass and sequentially coated on ITO transparent conductive glass dense layer TiO2, SnO2 layer, bromine iodine lead cesium perovskite light-absorbing layer of doping magnesium bromide, 2,2',7,7'-tetra [N,N-di (4-methoxyphenyl) amino] -9,9'-spirobifluorene hole transport layer of doping lithium salt, silver electrode, and its preparation method is disclosed, the application is by doping into bromine iodine lead cesium perovskite precursor doping different molar magnesium bromide to optimize the energy level matching between perovskite and electron transport layer and hole transport layer, effectively reduce the recombination probability of carrier and improve the mobility of carrier, improve the crystal quality of perovskite thin film, to realize the light absorption coefficient of optimization light-absorbing layer, finally realize the improvement of bromine iodine lead cesium inorganic perovskite solar cell photoelectric conversion efficiency.

The invention relates to the technical field of piezoelectric ceramic materials, in particular to a BaTiO3-based lead-free iron piezoelectric ceramic material and a preparation method thereof.The chemical composition of the ceramic material is Ba0. 86Ca0. 14Ti1-x (Ta0. 5Sc0. 5) xO3, and x is larger than or equal to 0.04 and smaller than or equal to 0.12. The preparation method comprises the steps that a Ba source, a Ca source, a Ti source, a Ta source and an Sc source are taken according to the chemical formula, ball milling and drying are conducted, and mixed powder A is obtained; pre-sintering the mixed powder A to obtain mixed powder B; carrying out secondary ball milling on the mixed powder B to obtain mixed powder C; pressing the mixed powder C to obtain a sample A, and performing cold isostatic pressing treatment on the sample A to obtain a sample B; sintering the sample B in an oxygen atmosphere for 2-3 hours to obtain a sample C; and polishing the sample C, coating two surfaces of the sample C with silver electrodes, and preserving heat for 20-30 minutes to obtain a final sample. Through a method of doping Ta and Sc in a lead-iron-free barium titanate system, coexistence of a huge electrocaloric and an ultra-wide working temperature window of a lead-free system is realized, and commercialized application of a lead-free electrocaloric material is expected to be realized.

The application discloses a kind of glass powder for electroplated silver paste, and chemical composition includes: SiO2 30~40%, TiO2 10~20%, B2O3 10~20%, SrO 5~10%, MgO 5~10%, ZnO 5~10%, BaO 1~10%, Na2O2~8%, Al2O3 1~5% by mass percentage.The silver paste glass powder has a suitable softening temperature, strong crystallization ability, excellent acid resistance, and has a matching thermal expansion coefficient and chemical compatibility with the ceramic substrate;The silver electrode made of the glass powder can complete the electroplating process well, and can achieve excellent adhesion strength between the silver electrode and the ceramic substrate, and is suitable for popularization and application.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of evaporation mask carrier plate, especially relates to a perovskite crystalline silicon laminated solar cell top silver electrode evaporation mask carrier plate, include: silver plating carrier plate is equipped with a plurality of battery area for placing battery on the silver plating carrier plate, be equipped with transparent conductive oxide film surface on the battery area, be equipped with main shan on the transparent conductive oxide film surface, be equipped with a plurality of thin shan in main shan, the test hole is seted up in one side of main shan, firm fixation: ensure that the bottom battery is completely fixed in the evaporation process, avoid displacement. Nondestructive taking and placing: after evaporation, battery taking and placing operation is simple and convenient, and the risk of fragmentation is greatly reduced. Precise positioning: silver main grid line and thin grid line can be evaporated in the preset target area extremely accurately, ensure that grid line pattern accurately covers non - transparent or specified area, thereby maximum electron collection efficiency, effectively improve the overall performance of battery. Increase efficiency: support multiple battery synchronous evaporation.

The utility model discloses a silver electrode substrate rocking plate machine, which comprises a rack, a tray embedding plate, a substrate distribution mechanism, a rocking plate mechanism and a discharge pipe, the tray embedding plate is provided with an embedding port for embedding a material tray on the tray embedding plate, the upper surface of the tray embedding plate is provided with a circle of baffle plate around the embedding port, and the lower surface of the tray embedding plate is provided with a plurality of baffle plates. An opening is reserved in the position, located on the front side of the tray embedding plate, of the baffle. And the substrate distributing mechanism is connected to the top of the rack, extends to the top of the tray embedding plate and is used for storing the silver electrode substrate and feeding the silver electrode substrate into a baffle plate enclosed area on the upper surface of the tray embedding plate. According to the utility model, the tray embedding plate is arranged to embed the material tray, the silver electrode substrate is fed into the baffle plate on the upper surface of the tray embedding plate through the substrate distribution mechanism, and then the tray embedding plate is driven to swing through the rocking plate mechanism, so that the silver electrode substrate is shaken into the hole site on the material tray, and manual rocking plate is replaced by equipment; the production efficiency is ensured.

The invention provides a flexible perovskite solar cell with excellent bending performance and a preparation method thereof. 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570), formamidine iodide, methylamine bromide, methyl ammonium chloride, spiroOMeTAD, a lithium salt acetonitrile solution and tBP chlorobenzene (CB) are used as raw materials, a perovskite thin film is prepared through a two-step spin-coating deposition method, and a silver electrode is prepared through a thermal evaporation method. The bending resistance of the prepared flexible perovskite solar cell (f-PSCs) is remarkably improved, the performance retention rate is improved from 53% to 90% after 3000 times of bending cycles, and the average photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell is improved from 18.72% to 21.42%. According to the invention, a new way is opened up for improving the photovoltaic performance and bending resistance of f-PSCs by using the silane oxide coupling agent, and an important technical reference is provided for realizing industrialization of flexible perovskite solar cells.

The application relates to a heating pipe with an insulating coating and a processing method of the insulating coating, which comprises a heat-conducting insulating pipe, a silver electrode fixed on the outer side of the upper end and the lower end of the heat-conducting insulating pipe, an electric heating film coated on the outer side of the heat-conducting insulating pipe, the electric heating film being arranged between the two silver electrodes, the upper side edge and the lower side edge of the electric heating film being respectively in conduction with the two silver electrodes, and the electric heating film and the two silver electrodes being further coated with an insulating coating, the insulating coating being coated and sintered by a mixture of low-temperature glass powder, aluminum oxide powder, acidic aluminum phosphate and water glass; the application prolongs the service life of the electric heating film, greatly improves the thermal shock stability of the electric heating film, simultaneously plays a heat preservation and heat insulation role to improve the thermal efficiency; in addition, a temperature controller can be directly attached on the insulating coating to closely sense the temperature change, so that the response time of the temperature controller is shortened to eliminate the safety hidden danger.

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a method for preparing a high-efficiency trans-perovskite cell based on buried interface modification and a perovskite solar cell device, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out the pretreatment of an FTO glass substrate; sequentially preparing a nickel oxide hole transport layer and an SAM hole transport layer on the pretreated FTO glass substrate; modifying the buried interface by using an IAM molecular solution; spin-coating a perovskite precursor solution on the surface of the buried interface modification layer, and crystallizing to obtain a perovskite light absorption layer; sequentially spin-coating a PCBM chlorobenzene solution on the perovskite light absorption layer to form an electron transport layer and prepare a BCP barrier layer; and preparing a silver electrode on the BCP barrier layer through evaporation to obtain a perovskite cell device. According to the invention, the IAM interface modification layer is integrated to the buried interface of the perovskite layer, and IAM molecules form a hydrogen bond network by virtue of the unique molecular structure of the IAM molecules, so that the interface stability is enhanced, and the charge transfer capability of the interface layer is enhanced.

Electroplating of aluminum may be utilized to form electrodes for solar cells. In contrast to expensive silver electrodes, aluminum allows for reduced cell cost and addresses the problem of material scarcity. In contrast to copper electrodes which typically require barrier layers, aluminum allows for simplified cell structures and fabrication steps. In the solar cells, point contacts may be utilized in the backside electrodes for increased efficiency. Solar cells formed in accordance with the present disclosure enable large-scale and cost-effective deployment of solar photovoltaic systems.

The application relates to a flexible tactile sensor prepared by a laser direct writing graphene method and belongs to the technical field of flexible sensors. The upper half of the sensor is a graphene film, the lower half is a silver electrode film, the middle is a TPU film connecting layer, and the bottom encapsulation layer is encapsulated. The graphene film is generated by scratching the surface of a PI film with a 455nm laser, a mask plate pattern designed in advance in CAD is engraved by laser, a silver electrode film is deposited on the PI film by a physical vapor deposition method, then the two are connected in a face-to-face mode through a high-temperature melted TPU film, and a waterproof tactile sensor array is formed after being combined by pp encapsulation. The sensor has wide application potential in the fields of bionic robots, intelligent prostheses and the like. The sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity, wide detection range, reliable piezoresistive performance and high real-time performance, the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the problems of high cost and complexity in the preparation of previous micro-nano structures are solved.

The application discloses a PZT-based textured piezoelectric ceramic and a phase transition assisted polarization preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of piezoelectric materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing PMeN-PZT matrix powder; preparing a textured piezoelectric ceramic; and sequentially polishing the textured piezoelectric ceramic, sintering silver electrodes and performing phase transition assisted polarization to obtain the PZT-based textured piezoelectric ceramic; wherein the phase transition assisted polarization step is: heating the textured piezoelectric ceramic after sintering silver electrodes to a polarization temperature, the polarization temperature is higher than the trigonal-tetragonal phase transition temperature and lower than the Curie temperature, and the polarization is performed under a polarization electric field of 300 V / mm-1000 V / mm, then the polarization is naturally cooled to room temperature, and the electric field is removed. The technical problems of low piezoelectric / electromechanical / dielectric performance caused by insufficient polarization in traditional heating polarization and the technical problem that piezoelectric materials are difficult to have high piezoelectric performance and high Curie temperature at the same time are solved.

The invention discloses an assembly interconnection method of a back contact cell, a solar assembly and a photovoltaic system, and relates to the technical field of solar cells. According to the invention, after the metal thin film is attached to the first battery piece and connected with the metal electrode, the metal thin film is cut into the positive electrode metal thin film and the negative electrode metal thin film which are independent from each other, so that a welding strip does not need to be connected with one type of electrode when a battery string and an assembly are formed; and an insulating layer is not required to be formed between the welding strip and another electrode by using insulating glue, so that the risk of short circuit can be completely eradicated. Besides, the metal film replaces the function of a welding strip in a conventional scheme, and also replaces the current transmission function of a silver electrode part in a conventional battery, so that the use amount of silver paste can be greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the battery and the assembly is reduced.

The application discloses a preparation method of a back junction solar cell and the back junction solar cell. The preparation method comprises the following steps: forming a plurality of holes in an array arrangement on a front surface passivation anti-reflection layer of a P-type silicon substrate; arranging aluminum paste in the holes; performing first sintering on the P-type silicon substrate with the aluminum paste in the holes at 700 DEG C-950 DEG C, so as to form a P+ heavy-doped local front surface field, an aluminum electrode and an oxide layer covering the aluminum electrode; stripping the oxide layer covering the aluminum electrode; printing a plurality of silver paste lines on the front surface passivation anti-reflection layer, the silver paste lines being in contact with the front surfaces of the aluminum electrodes with the oxide layer stripped, and the silver paste lines being connected with the aluminum electrodes with the oxide layer stripped; and performing second sintering on the P-type silicon substrate with the silver paste lines, so that the sintering temperature of the second sintering is lower than the melting point of aluminum, and a silver electrode and the aluminum electrodes connected with the silver electrode form a front surface fine grid line of the back junction solar cell. The light-electricity conversion efficiency of the back junction solar cell is effectively improved.

The application discloses a method for preparing a perovskite cell by modifying an electronic transmission layer with a natural organic molecule, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic devices. The technical scheme is as follows: tin dioxide solution is mixed with ectoine, and after ultrasonic treatment, a mixed solution of tin dioxide and ectoine is obtained by filtration; an ITO transparent conductive glass substrate which is cleaned and dried is subjected to ozone treatment, and then an Ec-SnO2 electronic transmission layer is deposited on the treated ITO substrate; a perovskite precursor solution is prepared, a perovskite thin film is prepared on the ITO substrate by using a spin coating method, and then is transferred to a heating table to perform annealing; a hole transmission layer is spin-coated on the perovskite thin film; finally, a silver electrode is deposited on the hole transmission layer by using a thermal evaporation technology. The method significantly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell, and the manufacturing process is simple and has low difficulty.

The application discloses a perovskite solar cell passivating grain boundary defects and a preparation method thereof, and the cell is composed of a conductive substrate layer, a hole transport layer, a polyethylene oxide passivated perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer, a buffer layer and a silver electrode in sequence; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting ITO as the conductive substrate, and preparing the hole transport layer on the substrate; (2) spin-coating a perovskite precursor solution, adopting a chlorobenzene solution of polyethylene oxide as an anti-solvent to treat a perovskite wet film in a spin-coating process, then annealing treatment is conducted again to form the polyethylene oxide passivated perovskite light absorption layer; and (3) sequentially preparing the electron transport layer and the buffer layer, and finally evaporating the silver electrode; the cell treats the perovskite wet film by PEO, reduces the formation of grain boundary defects of the perovskite thin film, improves the charge transport efficiency, inhibits non-radiative recombination, and makes the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current and the fill factor of the device all improved, and the stability of the cell is further improved.

The application relates to a sweat sensor and a preparation method and application thereof, relates to the technical field of biosensors, solves the blank of hybrid nanoflowers in the field of sweat analysis and the problem of long-term stability limitation of traditional biosensors. An enzyme solution is mixed with a copper sulfate solution and is uniformly oscillated, a mineralization reaction of enzyme molecules is generated in a water bath, and purified enzyme nanoflowers are obtained; a multi-electrode array is designed, a conductive silver paste is printed on a PET base, electrode wires and a silver electrode are formed, three working electrodes and one counter electrode are printed by using conductive carbon ink, a reference electrode is formed on the surface of the silver electrode, insulating ink is printed as a circuit protection layer, after electrode activation, multi-walled carbon nanotubes are dispersed in DMF, a PB / PPy film is formed on the surface of the electrode through electropolymerization after coating, enzyme nanoflower solution is added to the surface of the working electrode, a chitosan protection film is coated, and the sensor is obtained. The application has wide application prospects and important social value in the fields of medical detection and health monitoring.

The utility model relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a same-color low-cost heterojunction cell and assembly, which comprises a silver-coated copper electrode wrapped by a protective layer, and the protective layer is a dark-color film layer. The silver-coated copper electrode is arranged on the pure silver electrode, so that the preparation cost of the electrode can be reduced. The protection layer is a dark film layer, so that copper particles in silver-coated copper can be prevented from being oxidized, and the color of the protection layer can be consistent with that of the battery.

According to the patterning annealing method for the trans-structure perovskite battery electrode, the patterning heat insulation sheet is used for applying the high temperature required by annealing to the main grid lines and the fine grid lines, and meanwhile, the perovskite functional layer area is maintained at the low temperature, so that thermal damage is avoided. According to the invention, selective annealing is realized through a physical mode of a light-transmitting area and a heat-insulating area, and the method is an electrode annealing solution which is efficient, uniform, low in cost and easy to integrate to a large-area production line. The annealing time identical to or even longer than that of traditional global annealing is allowed to be used, it is ensured that the silver electrode is fully sintered, the low-resistance, high-adhesive-force and compact electrode is obtained, the large-area xenon lamp is good in illumination uniformity, and the heat insulation sheet with precise positioning is combined; synchronous and uniform annealing of all grid lines of the whole cell can be realized, a high-temperature area is strictly limited in an electrode line fundamentally, the temperature rise of a perovskite layer below is extremely low (can be controlled below 50 DEG C), and the material thermal budget conflict is perfectly solved.

Method of preparing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a molecular form and in the form of a coating, using aromatic precursors and the process of their oxidation, is characterised in that the electrochemical oxidation of naphthalene is carried out in a three-electrode system, where the working electrode is a platinum electrode with a surface of 0.5-5 cm2, preferably 2 cm2, the reference electrode is a silver electrode Ag|0.001M Ag+, (C4h9)4N+, PF6 II with a potential of 0.197 V against ferrocene, and the counter electrode is a platinum mesh located in a separate electrode space filled with a supporting electrolyte and closed with a porous PTFE electrolytic key, with a surface area corresponding to half the surface area of the working electrode, where the geometry of the system ensures parallelism of the working electrode and the PTFE membrane closing the space of the counter electrode and their positioning opposite each other, and the distance of the working electrode from the PTFE membrane is 0.2-2.0 cm, preferably 0.5 cm, and the distance between the working electrode and the counter electrode is 0.5-2.5 cm, preferably 1 cm, the solvent is dry acetonitrile with a water content below 10 ppm, stored in an inert, anhydrous and oxygen-free atmosphere, and a flow of dry protective gas is used, preferably argon with a purity higher than 5.0, passed through a scrubber filled with dry acetonitrile with a water content below 10 ppm, and the supporting electrolyte is tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 0.1 mol / l in dry acetonitrile, wherein the initial concentration of naphthalene in acetonitrile is 1-10 mmol / l, preferably 6 mmol / l, and a potential is imposed in the range of 1.3-2.0 V vs RE, preferably 1.6 V vs RE, and then the oxidation is carried out under potentiostatic conditions by passing a charge Q = 1-20 C / cm2 of the working electrode surface, preferably 5 C / cm2, at room temperature under normal pressure for 20-400 minutes, preferably for 100 minutes, as a result of which a smooth and tight coating containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is obtained on the surface of the working electrode, which coating adheres tightly to the electrode surface and has a thickness in the range of about 10-100 nm, preferably about 30 nm, conducts electric current and has an energy gap in the range of 2.0-2.5 eV, and in the solution polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are obtained in a molecular form with masses reaching about 2400 Da, composed of phenyl fragments with a mass of 74 Da, which are obtained in a powder form by evaporating the solvent, and exhibit an energy gap in the range of 2.0-2.5 eV. Coating containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is characterised in that it is deposited on a platinum surface, it is smooth and continuous, has a thickness in the range of 10-100 nm, preferably about 30 nm, conducts electric current and has an energy gap in the range of 2.0- 2.5 eV. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a molecular form are characterised that they have a mass reaching about 2400 Da and are composed of phenyl fragments with a mass of 74 Da, exhibit solubility in dry acetonitrile, and have an energy gap in the range of 2.0-2.5 eV. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the form of smooth conducting coatings, either solution or powder, are prepared under normal conditions, without the need to use high temperatures, reduced pressure or strong oxidants, which significantly reduces production costs and is environmentally friendly.