1843results about How to "Solve the leak" patented technology

The invention provides a geologic environment simulation experiment device, which comprises a machine stand, a water storage tank, a simulation case with its lower reach end hinged with the machine stand, a rainfall case installed at the top of the machine stand, a geologic body simulation cavity in the simulation case, a water supply cavity and a water discharge cavity that are respectively positioned at the upper and lower reach ends of the geologic simulation cavity and are communicated to the geologic body simulation case, a conatant head water level overflow case and a discharge overflow case that are respectively positioned at the external side end of the upper and lower reaches of the simulation case, a conatant head overflow cavity that are respectively communicated to the water storage tank and the water supply cavity via a pipeline and a conatant head overflow backwater cavity that is communicated to the water storage tank via an overflow backwater pipe are positioned in the conatant head water level overflow case; at least three groups of piezometer are mounted vertically on the wall of the simulation cavity; one end of a piezometer hose that is communicated to the bottom of the piezometer passes the a simulation wall and extends into the simulation cavity. Therefore, the invention is able to simulate the formation and control of geologic disaster as well as the rules for the motion of groundwater.

The invention provides a modified asphalt composition with a creeping characteristic, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-60 parts of asphalt, 3-15 parts of modifying material, 5-30 parts of rubber powder, 15-60 parts of softening agent, 15-60 parts of inorganic powder, 3-25 parts of viscosity regulating agent, 0.3-1.5 parts of peptizing agent and 0.1-2 parts of coupling agent. A preparation method of the modified asphalt composition comprises the following steps of: adding the softening agent into a reaction kettle, heating to 170 to 200 DEG C, adding the modifying material, agitating, adding the asphalt and the rubber powder, and agitating for 1-2 h to obtain an intermediate raw material; levigating the intermediate raw material to 150-250 meshes, and putting back to the reaction kettle; and finally, adding the inorganic powder, the viscosity regulating agent, the peptizing agent and the coupling agent into the reaction kettle, agitating and dispersing uniformly. The modified asphalt composition has the characteristics of excellent water-proof performance, strong binding capability and continuous binding capability, large elongation percentage and good low-temperature flexibility.

The invention discloses an assembled integral shear wall structure system and a construction method thereof. Prefabricated composite wallboards are hoisted and assembled integrally at a construction site; a board body of the prefabricated composite wallboards comprises a structural layer, an insulating layer and a protective layer from the inside to the outside in turn; a reinforcement cage is arranged in the structural layer; the insulating layer is an extruded polystyrene foam plastic board; steel meshes are arranged in the concrete of the protective layer; and anchor bolts in a dotted distribution are connected among the structural layer, the insulating layer and the protective layer. Vertical seams and horizontal seams of prefabricated composite walls adopt structural self-waterproofing, so that common quality problems such as leakage and cracks and the like in a traditional process are solved. The prefabricated composite walls simplify construction processes, speed up the construction, and lower the construction cost. Furthermore, products prefabricated in a factory have uniform specifications and unified quality, so that the construction quality of a building construction can be sufficiently guaranteed; the industrialization, standardization, and generalization of the building walls are realized; and the products can be widely applicable to the construction of reinforced concrete buildings in the construction industry.

The invention relates to an underground (underwater) building waterproof device, and in particular to a vertical water-stop structure for a concrete engineering expansion joint as well as a manufacturing and construction methods for the same. The vertical water-stop structure comprises a deformation sheet and channel steel, and is characterized in that the deformation sheet is longitudinally arranged, one half is pre-buried in first-stage concrete, the other half is bulged out of a concrete section and externally arranged in a rectangular channel steel opening, and the channel steel is provided with a fixing element and filled with maltha; the surface of the channel steel opening and the section of the first-stage concrete are provided with asphalt felts at the both sides of the deformation sheet, the exposed fixing element is detached after asphalt is cooled, and then second-stage concrete is arranged. According to the vertical water-stop structure disclosed by the invention, the problem of water seepage of a water conservancy project due to the differential settlement or diastrophism of a stratum can be solved, and moreover, labour can be saved and construction period can be shortened.

The invention provides a shift register unit, a shift register and a display device. The shift register unit comprises a first output control module, a second output control module, a hierarchical output module, and a pull-up node level keeping capacitor, wherein the hierarchical output module is respectively connected with a pull-up node, a pull-down node, a carry signal output end and a drive signal output end, and is used for keeping a high level of a drive signal at the evaluation stage and for keeping a low level at the reset stage, the pre-charging state and the non-work stage by hierarchically outputting the carry signal and the drive signal; and the pull-up node level keeping capacitor is connected between a first low-level output end and the source of a first thin film transistor (TFT) included in the first output control module, and is used for keeping a high level of the pull-up node at the evaluation stage through the first output control module so as to keep high level of the drive signal. The shift register unit provided by the invention can suppress the influence of leakage current of a depletion-type TFT on the shift register.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a solar cell by using a local area back field, which comprises the following steps of: selecting a silicon chip and making the silicon chip into a soft silicon chip, then performing boron or phosphorus dispersion, cleaning a boron-silicon glass layer or a phosphorus-silicon glass layer left on the surface of the silicon chip after the dispersion, depositing a silicon nitride film on the front of the silicon chip by using PECVD, polishing the back of the silicon chip by using hot alkali liquid, and depositing a passive film, performing laser perforation and sputtering an aluminum layer on the polished back; and finally, screen-printing a silver electrode on the front of the silicon chip, and sintering, testing and separating the silicon chip. The method avoids the problem of current leakage caused by lamination during etching; the PECVD process adopted by the passive film on the back is more suitable for large-scale production; the adoption of the back laser perforation improves the manufacturing speed, reduces the process step and avoids pollution brought by corrosive slurry; and the Al layer can be well sintered and contacted with the silicon through pores so that the contact area of the metal and the back surface silicon is smaller and the current carrier compounding rate of the back surface is reduced.

The invention relates to a creeping self-adhesive asphalt water-proof coiled material and a preparation method thereof. An asphalt sizing material used for the creeping self-adhesive asphalt water-proof coiled material has good adhesive property and creeping property, and the asphalt sizing material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 35%-55% of petroleum asphalt, 5%-25% of softening agent, 5%-25% of modifying agent, 2%-8% of tackifying agent, 0.1%-2% of interface agent, 0.1%-3% of anti-aging agent and 5%-20% of filling agent. The self-adhesive asphalt water-proof coiled material disclosed by the invention has very good initial adhesion, can be well adhered with a base layer under the conditions of the wet base layer and lower temperature even if a little dust is positioned on the surface of the base layer, is difficult to strip after being adhered, and can ensure that a complete sizing material can be retained on the base layer after being stripped, thus meeting the requirement for water-proof property.

The invention relates to a preparation method for phase-change asphalt pavement material and is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1), the preparation of phase-change asphalt modifier: firstly, selecting the materials based on the mass ratio among phase change material, coagulant, support material and coupling agent which is equal to 100:1-5:10-50:1-5; secondly, adding the phase change material into the silica sol, and then adding the coagulant dropwise to form gel; drying the gel, cooling the gel to room temperature and then taking out and mashing the gel to get powder through mixing; vacuuming the powder at 30-50 DEG C for 2-4 hours, then adding the support material under the protection of shielding gas; at 80-100 DEG C, adding the coupling agent for hydrophobic modification; then granulating to get the phase-change asphalt modifier; (2), the preparation of phase-change asphalt pavement material: firstly, selecting the materials based on the mass ratio among coarse aggregate: fine aggregate: filler, asphalt, fiber and phase change asphalt modifier which is equal to 100:10-20:1-8:2-6:0.2-0.5:2-10; then stirring the materials to get the phase-change asphalt pavement material. The phase-change asphalt pavement material prepared through the invention can improve the high temperature stability of pavement surface.

The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a sewage treatment tridimensional artificial wetland system that is used for the industrial waste water treatment of small-scale isolated pollution sources. The invention aims at providing a tridimensional artificial wetland system that is used for sewage treatment and that has small floor occupancy, high hydraulic load, high pollution load and long service life so as to overcome the defects of the current sewage treatment of big artificial wetland floor occupancy, low hydraulic load, low pollution load and short system service life. The key points of the invention are that: the artificial wetland for sewage treatment adopts a tridimensional assembled structure of vertical current artificial wetland and horizontal subsurface flow artificial wetland, and base materials are filled in various directions to form the tridimensional artificial wetland system for sewage treatment; the tridimensional artificial wetland system for sewage treatment comprises a water collecting header, a porous water-filtering vertical current artificial wetland bed, a first-stage regulating tank, a water drop chute, a grid tank, a second-stage regulating tank, a horizontal subsurface flow artificial wetland bed and a water collecting tank.

The invention relates to a spraying quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating material. A special technology is adopted for preparation of the spraying quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating material. The spraying quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating material is a water-based spraying paint prepared according to a ratio, and a preparation method of the spraying quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating material comprises following steps: a liquid rubber asphalt latex emulsion is prepared by mixing superfine, suspended and micro-emulsion modified emulsified asphalt with high-molecular polymer rubber latex; and the liquid rubber asphalt latex emulsion is mixed with a coagulant. Cold spraying construction is adopted for preparation of the spraying quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating material; elastic coating film elongation is more than 1000%; restoration ratio is more than 95%. The spraying quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating material possesses ultraviolet resistance, high construction efficiency, high bonding strength, excellent high-temperature resistance, excellent low temperature flexibility, and better quick setting effect; and is capable of forming films in 3 seconds. The spraying quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating material is water based; is friendly to the environment; possesses no toxicity, and excellent endurance; is quick and convenient for construction; and is a novel environmental friendly waterproof paint with a wide application range. The spraying quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating material is mainly used for various waterproof and anticorrosion projects. The spraying quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating material is used for individual construction of waterproof projects, for composite construction of waterproof projects together with waterproof roll, and for individual construction of anticorrosion projects.

The invention provides an AlGaInP-based light emitting diode and a manufacturing method therefor, wherein a P electrode adopts a through hole technology; equivalently, a P electrode through hole for running through an epitaxial layer is formed in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the plane where the epitaxial layer is located, to enable the P electrode main body to be partially locatedin an n type epitaxial layer; and the P electrode and an N electrode are manufactured, and then the P electrode and the N electrode are kept in the same height. The problem of increasing of the packaging difficulty caused by easy side tilting of an LED chip in chip packaging and bonding due to relatively high height difference existing between the P electrode and the N electrode in the existing LED can be solved; in addition, an isolation trench is also formed in the LED on the above basis, so that the problem of easy electric leakage between the P / N electrodes caused by extrusion and deformation of soldering flux in the existing LED packaging and bonding process also can be solved; and in addition, an ODR reflector mirror structure comprises an ODR reflector mirror dielectric film layerand an ODR reflector mirror metal layer, so that high reflection efficiency is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials with thermal functions, and in particular relates to a phase change graphite powder with a phase change energy storage function and a preparation method thereof. The phase change graphite powder is made of graphite and an inorganic salt phase change material and is prepared by the steps of graphite intercalation, puffing, dipping, evaporating, smashing and cladding, wherein the inorganic slat phase change material is distributed in graphite pores; and the inorganic salt phase change material is inorganic salt hydrate or a high-temperature inorganic salt phase change material. The phase change graphite powder prepared by the invention has the advantages of high heat-conducting property, favorable sealing property, not easy leakage and the like, and can be conveniently applied to various occasions, such as producing building materials and manufacturing high-temperature heat storage devices, electronic heat radiators and the like, thereby being widely used.

The invention relates to an electric water heater which comprises a heating device and a control system. The control system is used for controlling the power of the heating device, and the electric water heater further comprises a flow sensor, a temperature sensor and a calculating device, wherein the flow sensor is used for detecting water flow entering the heating device, the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of inlet water entering the heating device, and the calculating device can calculate the heating power of the heating device according to the temperature difference of the inlet water and outlet water, the water flow and other parameters. The invention additionally relates to a control method of the electric water heater.

The invention discloses a porous-compact double-layer electrolyte ceramic sintered body based on inorganic solid state lithium ion electrolyte materials, an all-solid-state secondary lithium ion battery, an all-solid-state secondary lithium-air battery, and preparation methods. The preparation method for the sintered body comprises the following steps: first, powder of inorganic solid state lithium ion electrolyte materials is provided; second, part of the powder and pore forming agents are mixed, and mixed powder is obtained; third, the other part of the powder and the mixed powder form a green body, the green body comprises a first green body layer and a second green body layer which are stacked mutually, the other part of the powder forms the first green body layer and the mixed powder forms the second green body layer; fourth, the green body is subjected to sintering, the pore forming agents are burnt off, the porous-compact double-layer electrolyte ceramic sintered body is obtained, the first green body layer forms a compact layer and the second green body forms a porous layer.

The invention relates to a precast concrete wallboard and a preparation method thereof. A wall body has a structural layer and a protection layer from inside to outside, wherein the structural layer is internally provided with a reinforcement cage, and a reinforcement fabric is arranged in the concrete of the protection layer; the protection layer is connected with the structural layer through a transverse connecting reinforcement connected to the reinforcement fabric; the left edge and the right edge of the protection layer protrude out of the structural layer; the lower edge of the protection layer downwards extends out of a protruded port; and the top of the protection layer upwards protrudes out of the structural layer; the upper edge of the protection layer has a dent corresponding to the protruded port of the adjacent precast concrete wallboard on the upper layer; and the two ends of a transverse bar of the reinforcement cage protrudes out of the left side surface and the right side surface of the structural layer of the wall body and form two rows of transverse steel ties bending inwards. The wallboard has the advantages that the construction process is simplified, the construction speed is accelerated, and the construction cost is reduced. Meanwhile, products precast by a factory have uniform specification and quality, and thus, the construction quality of a building structure can be guaranteed sufficiently. The precast concrete wallboard can be widely applied to construction of concrete steel buildings in building industry.

The present invention relates to a wet-stickable self-adhesive water-proof sheet material, its production method and construction method. It is characterized by that said invention uses butyl rubber and high-grade oxidated asphalt, makes them undergo the process of high-temperature mixing treatment, adds acryl water-absorbing resin, operation oil, filler and flow-resisting agent, makes them undergo the process of high-speed dispersion treatment so as to obtain self-adhesive seal water-proof material, dip-coating said self-adhesive seal water-proof material onto one surface of high-molecular water-proof sheet material carrier, then makes the above-mentioned material undergo the processes of calendaring, extruding and layering isolating layer as anti-adhesion layer, then makes a flexible protective layer be stuck on another surface of the above-mentioned high-molecular water-roof sheet material, so that the invented wet-stickable self-adhesive water-proof sheet material can be obtained.

The invention discloses a vibration disturbance resistant crack leaking stoppage and reinforcement method applied to underground works. The method comprises the steps as follows: the surface of a crack is cleaned, and holes are drilled with a drilling tool crosswise along two sides of the crack and purged and washed clean; grouting nipples are mounted in the drilled holes and screwed tightly, epoxy resin grout is poured into the grouting nipples, and pouring is repeated several times for grout supplement and is stopped until the pouring pressure change is gentle; the exposed grouting nipples are removed when the fact that epoxy resin is completely cured is confirmed after pouring, and the overflow cured grout is cleaned; a V-shaped groove is opened along the crack and is cleaned, coated with an interfacial agent and filled with a sealing adhesive, surfaces of two sides of the crack are cleaned, and then an acrylic acid resin elastic coating is painted. With the adoption of the processing manner, damage to a waterproof layer due to drilling can be restored, the problems of water channeling and damage to the waterproof layer can also be effectively solved, and the problem of crack leakage is effectively solved.

The invention provides a penetration coefficient determination apparatus for a permeable asphalt concrete track board test piece, and a test method thereof. The determination apparatus comprises a test device and a water supply device, and the test device comprises a workbench, an overflow water tank, an upper sleeve, a lower sleeve, two flanges, an electronic thermometer and a measuring cylinder; the outer sidewall of the upper sleeve is provided with water overflow ports connected with the inside of the upper sleeve, the two same flanges are provided with a ring of a slot, and the two flanges and the sleeve are cemented to form an integral body; the lower sleeve is connected through the overflow water tank, and the overflow water tank is provided with an overflow port and a water drainage port; the test piece is placed between the two flanges, a rubber sealing pad is arranged between each of the flanges and the test piece, the flanges are provided with screw holes, and the test piece is fixed through allowing long bolts to traverse through the screw holes and through using nuts; and the water supply device comprises a water storage barrel, a water pump and a power switch. The apparatus has the advantages of reasonable structure, simple operation, satisfactory solving of the seepage problem of the side wall, realization of flexible control of hydraulic gradient, and reasonable and reliable determination result.

The invention discloses waterproof mortar with a leakage self-repair function and a method for preparing the waterproof mortar. The waterproof mortar comprises, by weight, 10-40% of silicate cement, 5-20% of sulphoaluminate cement, 5-15% of polymers with high water absorption, 3-10% of silicon dioxide powder, 1-3% of dispersing agents, 1-3% of water reducing agents, 5-10% of water-soluble polymers, 3-5% of calcium hydroxide, 10-30% of quartz sand and the balance fillers. The waterproof mortar and the method have the advantages that the problem of leakage due to shrinkage cracking of concrete (mortar) can be solved by the aid of water self-repair processes; the waterproof mortar is convenient and easy to construct; the waterproof mortar can be self-repaired after cracking, and accordingly the problem of trouble of leaking stopping construction on air faces after leakage occurs can be solved; the waterproof mortar can be intelligently self-repaired, a self-repair idea for the waterproof mortar is a combination of stiffness and flexibility, accordingly the waterproof mortar can be used even in dry and wet alternate environments, and effects of the waterproof mortar still can be realized under repeated cracking conditions; the curing time of the waterproof mortar can be controlled, and the waterproof mortar can be used under leaking stopping conditions.

The invention discloses a novel pressure-resistant cabin body made from carbon fiber macromolecular composite materials. The pressure-resistant cabin body comprises two parts of a cylindric cabin body and end covers 7 positioned at two ends of the cabin body. The pressure-resistant cabin body is characterized in that the cabin body consists of an inner protection layer 1, a carbon fiber barrel body 2, a leak-proof layer 3 and an outer protection layer 4 sequentially from inside to outside, the two ends of the cabin body are in sealed connection with the end covers 7 through connecting fittings 5 and sealing rings 6, and the cabin body and the connecting fittings 5 are in glued joint. The invention further discloses a manufacturing technology of the novel pressure-resistant cabin body made from carbon fiber macromolecular compound materials. The manufacturing technology comprises the following steps of preparation for a mold, compounding of glue stocks, winding of the carbon fiber barrel body, curing of the carbon fiber barrel body, glued joint of the carbon fiber barrel body and the connecting fittings, processing of the leak-proof layer, the processing of the protection layers and the assembling of the end covers. The pressure-resistant cabin body made from carbon fiber macromolecular compound materials can be used in adverse environment with high temperature, low temperature and high pressure in the deep sea, and is high in pressure-resistant intensity, and the problems of leaking and sealing of compound materials under high pressure state are solved.

The invention discloses a method for controlling leakage of a grouting treatment vertical type asphalt concrete core wall earth-rock dam. The method comprises the steps of first collecting, arranging and analyzing dam technical data, and drawing up a grouting range, grouting hole arrangement and grouting curtain body design indexes; carrying out slurry tests and on-site grouting tests; selecting a device according to slurry test results, manufacturing grouting slurry, performing segmentation and row drilling on an upstream transition layer at a dam crest, and sequentially drilling upstream row grouting holes, middle row grouting holes and downstream row grouting holes in the upstream transition layer from one side of an upstream rockfill material dam shell to an asphalt concrete core wall; and finally performing hole sealing treatment after quality inspection. The method has simplicity in arrangement; under the conditions that a reservoir cannot be emptied, the problem of the leakage of the vertical type asphalt concrete core wall earth-rock dam can be effectively solved, the reservoir can run normally, and dam body safety is guaranteed. Engineering project implementation treatment proves that the method is feasible, safe, reliable and good in leakage treatment effect.

This is a constructive method used to underground; it is a semi-reverse practice inverse join method. Its steps are: After dig earthwork set up the safe guard wall (1) and according following steps: To make temporary sand trough joint (2), it is composed by the wedge trough (3), pad layer (4) and filled layer (5), on the sand trough joint (2) install pattern plate (10), vertical direction reinforcing rod (6), and horizontal direction reinforcing rod (11), to fix the pattern plate by the scaffold, on the pattern plate surface open a pair holes, one end is fixed on the safeguard wall, other end is fixed on the scaffold by binder bolt (7); support rod (9) sustain the scaffold; on the pattern-plate top end, to make 'false cattle-leg' pouring opening, to pour cement slurry: after pouring cement begin to maintain, after maintain dismantle pattern plate and repeat the above steps to the bottom.

A phase-transformed energy-accumulating compound coating comprises an organic macromolecule film-forming material and a phase-transformed energy-accumulating micro powder that is of porous graphite based phase-transformed energy-accumulating composite micro powder. The porous graphite based phase-transformed energy-accumulating composite micro powder comprises porous graphite micro powder and organic phase-transformed material. Wherein, the porous graphite micro powder is prepared by intercalating, expanding, compressing and crushing, etc. natural scaly graphite; and the organic phase-transformed material comprises a crystallizing direct-chain grease acid, paraffin hydrocarbon, ester and the combination of one or more from them. The compound coating is of good steadiness, outstanding heat-accumulating effect, and is easy to brush.

The invention provides a shifting register and a display device. The shifting register comprises a plurality of stages of shifting register units, and each shifting register unit comprises a first output control module, a second output control module, a graded output module and a pull-up node level maintaining capacitor, wherein the graded output module is connected with pull-up nodes, pull-down nodes, a carry signal output end and a driving signal output end and used for outputting carry signals and driving signals in a graded mode so that the driver signals can maintain a high level in the valuation stage and maintain a low level in the reset stage, the pre-charging stage and the non-work stage, the pull-up node level maintaining capacitor is connected between the first low level output end and the source of a first thin film transistor of the first output control module and used for maintaining the level of the pull-up nodes being a high level through the first output control module in the valuation state so that the driving signals can maintain the high level. The shifting register can solve the problem that a shifting register is affected by current leakage of the depletion-type TFT.

The invention discloses a method for preparing bisphenol A nanometer silicon gel carrier surface molecule print solid phase extraction filling. Firstly, silanizing agent containing double bonds is grafted on the surfaces of nanometer silicon dioxide beads; secondly, template molecules, functional monomers and crosslinking agents are added into toluene solution containing proper grafted nanometer silicon and catalytic amount evocating agent according to a certain proportion and stirred for polyreaction at temperature of 60 to 70 DEG C and for 15 to 24 hours to generate light-yellow powdery polymer; and finally, templates are eluted from the polymer, and the bisphenol A nanometer silicon gel carrier surface molecule print solid phase extraction filling which has high special selectivity to bisphenol A is obtained. Because the invention adopts the tetrabromobisphenol A and biphenyl diphenol which are analogues of target molecule BPA of as templates, the problem of template leakage is solved. The prepared bisphenol A nanometer silicon gel carrier surface molecule print solid phase extraction filling has high special selectivity to bisphenol A, can collect bisphenol A molecules in trace amount of water sample, and has high recovery ratio and good reproducibility.

The invention relates to an underground (underwater) building waterproof device, in particular to a double-water stop structure for a concrete expansion joint and a manufacturing and construction method for the double-water stop structure. The double-water stop structure comprises two deformation sheets and channel beams. The double-water stop structure is characterized in that a concrete section is provided with the two deformation sheets; the two deformation sheets are longitudinally arranged at a set distance; half of each deformation sheet is embedded in primary concrete, and the other half of each deformation sheet protrudes out of the concrete section, and the other halves of the two deformation sheets are respectively arranged in the corresponding channel beams; asphalt fills each channel beam; an asphaltic felt is arranged on open surfaces of the channel beams and a primary concrete section; exposed fixed parts are removed after the asphalt is cooled, and then, secondary concrete is set. According to the double-water stop structure disclosed by the invention, the water seepage problem caused by differential settlement or faulting of a stratum in hydraulic engineering can be solved; the labor can also be reduced, and the construction period can also be shortened.

An interface circuit capable of tolerating high voltage input, I / O pin connecting external, a pull-up / pull-down structure provides high / low power level of output to the I / O pin. An impedance control circuit shuts the pull-up / pull-down structure in receiving mode, and activates the pull-up / pull-down structure in transmission mode. A pull-up / pull-down protection structure protects the pull-up / pull-down structure in receiving mode. A gate protection circuit provides protection voltage to the pull-up protection structure in receiving mode. A N-well bias circuit provides a bias voltage that equaling to internal power supply for the pull-up structure and the N-well where the PMOS located in of the pull-up protection structure in transmission mode; and in a receiving mode, if voltage of the I / O pin is higher than voltage of the internal power supply, providing a bias voltage that approaching to voltage of the I / O pin to the pull-up structure and the N-well where the PMOS located in of the pull-up protection structure, otherwise, providing a bias voltage that equaling to internal power supply. Well bias drive circuit provides driving signal to the N-well bias circuit in transmission mode.

The invention relates to the field of door / window installation methods, in particular to a conveniently-operated installation method for energy-saving steel-plastic auxiliary frames and doors / windows. The installation method for the energy-saving steel-plastic auxiliary frames and the doors / windows comprises the steps of connection of auxiliary frames and fixing steel sheets, splicing of the auxiliary frames, connection of the auxiliary frames and a wall, and connection of the auxiliary frames and the doors / windows. The method is reasonable in design and convenient to operate, and standardization of installation holes of the doors / windows and integration of heat insulation and heat preservation are realized; after the auxiliary frames are installed, the holes do not need to be painted, so that the labor cost for civil construction is reduced; moreover, the problem of leakage caused by non-tight seam filling at a joint between the peripheries of outer frames of the doors / windows and the wall is solved; after the doors / windows are installed in place at one time, finished door / window products are delivered to users for use without any damage; the installation period of the doors / windows is greatly shortened, the utilization rate of door / window engineering occupied fund is improved, resources are effectively saved, and the cost is effectively reduced.