The invention relates to a joint surface dynamic characteristic parameter testing device of a rolling guide rail, which can be simplified to a single-degree-of-freedom system. The joint surface dynamic characteristic parameter testing device comprises a base, a mounting bottom plate, a rolling guide rail, a rolling guide rail slider, a bridge plate, a plurality of piezoelectric acceleration sensors, an exciter, an elastic rope, a rubber ring, a frame, an impedance head, a normal pressing bolt, a charge amplifier, a data collector, a power amplifier and a computer. Compared with the prior art,the joint surface dynamic characteristic parameter testing device has the significant advantages of compact structure and clear testing principle, and can simultaneously measure the joint surface dynamic characteristic parameters in the normal and lateral directions of the rolling guide rail. In addition, the device can measure the joint surface dynamic characteristic parameters under different load states by adjusting the pre-tightening force of the normal pressing bolt; the exciting force direction passes through the gravity center of the bridge plate during the measurement; the vibration signals of the bridge plate and the base can be measured at the same time; and the influences of basic vibration signals can be eliminated during the measurement of the system frequency response function. Therefore, the joint surface dynamic characteristic parameter testing device has the advantages of high efficiency, high stability and high accuracy.