The invention provides a testing device and a testing method for dynamic characteristics of joint curved surface faying surfaces. The testing device comprises an excitation system, a loading system, a test bench system and a signal acquisition, analysis and processing system, wherein the excitation system consists of a vibration exciter, an exciter hanging beam and a bracket; the loading system consists of a loading bolt A, a loading spring A, a loading bolt B, a loading spring B, a loading bolt C, a loading spring C, a loading bolt D and a loading spring D; the test bench system comprises a pedestal, a lower bridge plate, a block to be tested and an upper bridge plate; and a computer in the signal acquisition, analysis and processing system sends out a known excitation signal to make the vibration exciter excite vibration, acquires a response signal in the system for calculation, and obtains dynamic characteristics of the joint curved surface faying surfaces. The testing device and the testing method can achieve the purpose of measuring dynamic characteristics of joint curved surface faying surfaces of various kinds of different materials, and have the advantages of good interchangeability, simple operation and reliable data.