7945results about How to "Lower Level Requirements" patented technology

The present invention relates to antigen binding molecules (ABMs). In particular embodiments, the present invention relates to recombinant monoclonal antibodies, including chimeric, primatized or humanized antibodies specific for human CD20. In addition, the present invention relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding such ABMs, and vectors and host cells comprising such nucleic acid molecules. The invention further relates to methods for producing the ABMs of the invention, and to methods of using these ABMs in treatment of disease. In addition, the present invention relates to ABMs with modified glycosylation having improved therapeutic properties, including antibodies with increased Fc receptor binding and increased effector function.

An electrosurgical generator has an output power control system that causes the impedance of tissue to rise and fall in a cyclic pattern until the tissue is desiccated. The advantage of the power control system is that thermal spread and charring are reduced. In addition, the power control system offers improved performance for electrosurgical vessel sealing and tissue welding. The output power is applied cyclically by a control system with tissue impedance feedback. The impedance of the tissue follows the cyclic pattern of the output power several times, depending on the state of the tissue, until the tissue becomes fully desiccated. High power is applied to cause the tissue to reach a high impedance, and then the power is reduced to allow the impedance to fall. Thermal energy is allowed to dissipate during the low power cycle. The control system is adaptive to tissue in the sense that output power is modulated in response to the impedance of the tissue.

An analyte sensor for use in connection with a biofluid is described. The analyte sensor may comprise any suitable interface between the biofluid and a derivative of the biofluid and any suitable transducer of information concerning an analyte. At least one catalytic agent is provided in a locale or vicinity of the interface. The catalytic agent, such as a proteinaceous agent or a non-proteinaceous, organic-metal agent, is sufficient to catalyze the degradation of reactive oxygen and / or nitrogen species that may be present in the vicinity of the interface. An analyte-sensing kit and a method of sensing an analyte are also described.

In some aspects, each cell in the communications system can be designed to operate in accordance with a set of back-off factors that identify the reductions in peak transmit power levels for the channels associated with the back-off factors. The back-off factors are defined to provide the required power to a large percentage of the users while reducing the amount of interference. In some other aspects, the cells operate using an adaptive reuse scheme that allows the cells to efficiently allocate and reallocate the system resources to reflect changes in the system. A reuse scheme is initially defined and resources are allocated to the cells. During operation, changes in the operating conditions of the system are detected and the reuse scheme is redefined as necessary based on the detected changes. For example, the loading conditions of the cells can be detected, and the resources can be reallocated and / or the reuse scheme can be redefined. In yet other aspects, techniques are provided to efficiency schedule data transmissions and to assign channels to users. Data transmissions can be scheduled based on user priorities, some fairness criteria, system requirements, and other factors. Users are assigned to available channels based on a number of channel assignment schemes. Channel metrics are also provided, which can be used to prioritize users and for channel assignments.

The present invention teaches a method and apparatus for physiological modulation, including neural and gastrointestinal modulation, for the purposes of treating several disorders, including obesity, depression, epilepsy, and diabetes. This includes chronically implanted neural and neuromuscular modulators, used to modulate the afferent neurons of the sympathetic nervous system to induce satiety. Furthermore, this includes neuromuscular stimulation of the stomach to effect baseline and intermittent smooth muscle contraction to increase gastric intraluminal pressure, which induces satiety, and stimulate sympathetic afferent fibers, including those in the sympathetic trunk, splanchnic nerves, and greater curvature of the stomach, to augment the perception of satiety.

An analyte sensor for use in connection with a biofluid is described. The analyte sensor may comprise any suitable interface between the biofluid and a derivative of the biofluid and any suitable transducer of information concerning an analyte. At least one catalytic agent is provided in a locale or vicinity of the interface. The catalytic agent, such as a proteinaceous agent or a non-proteinaceous, organic-metal agent, is sufficient to catalyze the degradation of reactive oxygen and / or nitrogen species that may be present in the vicinity of the interface. An analyte-sensing kit and a method of sensing an analyte are also described.

The present invention provides a system for achieving erythema and / or mild edema in an upper layer of skin, without causing blisters, and without the risk of high fluence levels or critical need for cooling.

A content delivery system according to various embodiments of the invention substantially concurrently streams a plurality of live videos to a client computing device over a network, allowing the user to view two or more live videos at the same time. In a particular embodiment, the system is configured to display a high resolution version of a live video feed in a “primary” pane of a main display dialog window and one or more additional live video feeds in low resolution in “preview” panes of the main display dialog window substantially concurrently, wherein the additional live video feeds are different from the first video feed and each other. In this particular embodiment, the system allows the user to preview the additional videos while the first video is playing. In addition, according to one embodiment, the live video feeds may be from independent sources.

A spacer device is provided for use with a primary spinal fixation device to treat, reduce, or delay adjacent level degenerative disc disease. The spacer device comprises a compressible spacer, a transverse member, and a connecting member. The compressible spacer is sized to fit between the spinous processes of two adjacent vertebrae and is configured to reduce the range of motion of at least one vertebra. The transverse member is configured to extend from one side of the midline of the spine, extending through the interspinous process space. The transverse member is coupled with the spacer. The connecting member is attachable to the transverse member and to a primary spinal fixation device.

Interface device for interfacing between a PLMN network and a non-PLMN network, the PLMN network being configured to recognize cellular base stations as nodes thereof through which to mediate connections to cellular mobile devices, the non-PLMN networks each comprising a plurality of access points for mediating connections to network compatible mobile devices, and for which the network compatible mobile devices are not required to be cellular devices. The interface device is configured as a node of the PLMN network to appear to the PLMN network as a standard cellular base station, and comprises functionality to make non-cellular devices connecting to the non-PLMN network and attempting to access the PLMN network through the non-PLMN network appear as cellular devices to the PLMN network.

This invention relates to methods for reducing the presence of a compound in an ionically conductive material, e.g., for use in iontophoretic devices, wherein the presence of the compound interferes with detecting a selected analyte. Removal of the compound can typically take place either during or after the manufacture of the ionically conductive material or an assembly comprising this material. Also disclosed are methods for generating selectively permeable barriers on the reactive faces of electrodes. Further, this invention relates to hydrogels comprising one or more biocides, as well as assemblies containing such hydrogels.

A wireless communication system transmits data on multiple carriers simultaneously to provide frequency diversity. Carrier interference causes a narrow pulse in the time domain when the relative phases of the multiple carriers are zero. Selection of the frequency separation and phases of the carriers controls the timing of the pulses. Both time division of the pulses and frequency division of the carriers achieves multiple access. Carrier interferometry is a basis from which other communication protocols can be derived. Frequency hopping and frequency shifting of the carriers does not change the pulse envelope if the relative frequency separation and phases between the carriers are preserved. Direct sequence CDMA signals are generated in the time domain by a predetermined selection of carrier amplitudes. Each pulse can be sampled in different phase spaces at different times. This enables communication in phase spaces that are not detectable by conventional receivers. The time-dependent phase relationship of the carriers provides automatic scanning of a beam pattern transmitted by an antenna array. In waveguide communications, the carrier frequencies and phase space may be matched to the chromatic dispersion of an optical fiber to increase the capacity of the fiber.

The present invention is directed to controlling pest infestation by inhibiting one or more biological functions in an invertebrate pest. The invention discloses methods and compositions for use in controlling pest infestation by feeding one or more different recombinant double stranded RNA molecules to the pest in order to achieve a reduction in pest infestation through suppression of gene expression. The invention is also directed to methods for making transgenic plants that express the double stranded RNA molecules, and to particular combinations of transgenic pesticidal agents for use in protecting plants from pest infestation.

The invention provides a method and apparatus for re-ordering data traffic units, such as IP data packets, that may have been miss-ordered during a transmission over a multi-pathway link between a source node and a destination node in a network. The re-ordering apparatus includes a storage medium for intercepting the IP data packets and holding the IP data packets to allow IP data packets delayed on slower pathways to catch-up. The IP data packets in the storage medium are re-ordered based on their sequence number in an attempt to restore the original order of the IP data packets. A maximal time delay variable determines how long a certain IP data packet can be held in the storage medium. The TP data packet is released prior to the maximal time delay variable or as the maximal time delay variable is exceeded.

A method, system and computer program product for dynamically developing an optimal marketing strategy is disclosed. The method first optimizes the marketing strategy on the basis of customer responses and preferences. The history of customer response for the strategy, or for other similar strategies, is used in this step. Reinforcement learning in constrained domains is then used to further optimize the strategy. The constraints imposed in this step are attributed to multiple marketing channels, which are used to deploy the strategies. The constraints include the cost and the effectiveness of the marketing channel and the customer preferences for the marketing channel. The optimized strategy is then deployed, and the customer response is recorded. The method is executed repeatedly for a specified duration.

In some aspects, each cell in the communications system can be designed to operate in accordance with a set of back-off factors that identify the reductions in peak transmit power levels for the channels associated with the back-off factors. The back-off factors are defined to provide the required power to a large percentage of the users while reducing the amount of interference. In some other aspects, the cells operate using an adaptive reuse scheme that allows the cells to efficiently allocate and reallocate the system resources to reflect changes in the system. A reuse scheme is initially defined and resources are allocated to the cells. During operation, changes in the operating conditions of the system are detected and the reuse scheme is redefined as necessary based on the detected changes. In yet other aspects, techniques are provided to efficiency schedule data transmissions and to assign channels to users.

An Atomic Layer CVD process and apparatus deposits single and or multiple minelayers of material sequentially at atmospheric pressure. Sequential monolayer depositions are separated in time and in space by combinations of physical barriers and / or gas curtains and / or by physical movement of substrates from one deposition chamber or location to another Pulse and / or continuous flows of reactant and purge gases are used in alternate embodiments of the present invention. Reactant injection, purge gas flow and exhaust flows at separated deposition chambers or locations are controlled by coordination of dedicated gas manifolds and control systems for each spatially or temporally separated deposition process or location.

Apparatus for treating a subject suffering from spontaneous atrial fibrillation includes an electrode device, adapted to be coupled to a vagus nerve of the subject, and a control unit, adapted to drive the electrode device to apply an electrical current to the vagus nerve, and to configure the current to maintain the spontaneous AF for at least about 24 hours, so as to modify blood flow within the atria and reduce risk of thromboembolic events.

A color display device for displaying an n-primary color image wherein n is greater than three, the device including an array of sub-pixel (801) configured to have at least one repeating unit having one sub-pixel representing each of the n primary colors, wherein repeating unit (906) is configured to optimize at least one of the n-primary color image.

A method and apparatus are disclosed for per-service flow protection and restoration of data in one or more packet networks. The disclosed protection and restoration techniques allow traffic to be prioritized and protected from the aggregate level down to a micro-flow level. Thus, protection can be limited to those services that are fault sensitive. Protected data is duplicated over a primary path and one or more backup data paths. Following a link failure, protected data can be quickly and efficiently restored without significant service interruption. A received packet is classified at each end point based on information in a header portion of the packet, using one or more rules that determine whether the received packet should be protected. At an ingress node, if the packet classification determines that the received packet should be protected, then the received packet is transmitted on at least two paths. At an egress node, if the packet classification determines that the received packet is protected, then multiple versions of the received packet are expected and only one version of the received packet is transmitted.

A system and method for the automatic diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in a centralized hospital critical care monitoring system for the monitoring of a plurality of patients in at least one of a critical care, step down, and cardiac ward by telemetry. The system includes a central processor having a display, and a plurality of telemetry units for mounting with patients, each of the telemetry units has a plurality of sensors for connection with each patient, the telemetry unit is capable of the transmission of multiple signals derived from the sensors to the central processor, in one preferred embodiment the method comprising steps of programming the system to analyze the signals and to automatically identify the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea and to provide an indication of the identification.

Methods and apparatus for performing wear leveling in a non-volatile memory system are disclosed. Included is a method for performing wear leveling in a memory system that includes a first zone, which has a first memory element that includes contents, and a second zone includes identifying the first memory element and associating the contents of the first memory element with the second zone while disassociating the contents of the first memory element from the first zone. In one embodiment, associating the contents of the first memory element with the second involves moving contents of a second memory element into a third memory element, then copying the contents of the first memory element into the second memory element.

A communications center system includes unsolicited inbound transaction traffic for routing to agents, one or more channels engaging visitors to the communication center other than interaction with a live agent, a profiling function for gathering information about the visitors to the communications-center, during the time the visitors are engaged in other than interaction with a live agent, a ranking function for ranking the visitors as to desirability for interaction, according to the information gathered, and an invitation function for sending invitations to transact to the visitors according to the ranking. The system monitors agent availability and the unsolicited inbound transaction traffic, and manages the invitation function to balance total traffic with agent availability.

A thermostat system with a thermostat control program is disclosed for controlling a Heating Ventilation and / or Air Conditioning (HVAC) system which incorporates a mechanism for detecting activity or occupancy in a room, area or conditioned space served by the HVAC system. The thermostat control program analyzes levels, counts or other aspects of activity detected in the conditioned space, with an operating sequence which may include pattern recognition techniques. The operating sequence of the thermostat control program may further depend upon time of day, and upon periods of time identified as being periods for special handling of occupancy, or the recognition of occupancy. These factors may then be utilized by the thermostat control program to influence determination of the temperature setpoint, or to select from alternative programming provided either by the user of the thermostat, or by factory programming, with purpose of balancing energy savings and comfort.

A real-time manager for a personal computer manages the operation of real-time tasks while the personal computer also performs other tasks. The real-time manager includes at least one real-time kernel and a task service manager. The real-time kernel activates and controls the real-time tasks. The task service manager allocates time between the real-time tasks and the other tasks, selects the service levels of the real-time tasks in response to the activity levels of the other tasks, and invokes the real-time kernel to activate and control the real-time tasks at the selected service levels.

Disclosed is an improved system and method to evaluate the status of a material. The system and method are operative to identify flaws and measure the erosion profile and thickness of different materials, including refractory materials, using electromagnetic waves. The system is designed to reduce a plurality of reflections, associated with the propagation of electromagnetic waves launched into the material under evaluation, by a sufficient extent so as to enable detection of electromagnetic waves of interest reflected from remote discontinuities of the material. Furthermore, the system and method utilize a configuration and signal processing techniques that reduce clutter and enable the isolation of electromagnetic waves of interest. Moreover, the launcher is impedance matched to the material under evaluation, and the feeding mechanism is designed to mitigate multiple reflection effects to further suppress clutter.

The invention describes methods of treating depression comprising administering a TNFα antibody, such as a human TNFα antibody. The invention also provides a method for treating depression comprising inhibiting TNFα activity in a subject suffering from depression by systemically administering to the subject a human anti-TNFα antibody, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, such that depression is treated. Also described is a method for the treatment or alleviation of depression or other affective disorders comprising administering an amount of an anti-inflammatory agent effective to treat or alleviate depression or other affective disorder to a subject in need thereof, wherein said anti-inflammatory agent down-regulates peripheral cytokine levels to thereby treat or alleviate depression or other affective disorder.