15184 results about "Chemical physics" patented technology

Systems and apparatus may carry out analysis of battery physical phenomena, and characterize batteries based on phenomena occurring in particular time and / or frequency domains. These systems may be additionally responsible for charging and / or monitoring a rechargeable battery. Examples of battery physical phenomena include mass transport (e.g., diffusion and / or migration) in battery electrolytes, mass transport in battery electrodes, and reactions on battery electrodes.

Systems and apparatus may carry out analysis of battery physical phenomena, and characterize batteries based on phenomena occurring in particular time and / or frequency domains. These systems may be additionally responsible for charging and / or monitoring a rechargeable battery. Examples of battery physical phenomena include mass transport (e.g., diffusion and / or migration) in battery electrolytes, mass transport in battery electrodes, and reactions on battery electrodes.

A plasma processing method includes (a) generating plasma in a chamber of a plasma processing apparatus including a substrate support provided in the chamber and supporting a substrate placed thereon, (b) applying a voltage pulse from a bias power supply to a bias electrode of the substrate support in order to draw ions from the plasma into the substrate, and (c) repeating (b). In (c), a duration length of the voltage pulse is changed to change a potential of the substrate.

The disclosure provides systems and methods for droplet processing. For example, a method can include providing a first droplet and a second droplet. In some cases, the first droplet may have a first concentration of a reagent and the second droplet may have a second concentration of the reagent. The second droplet may comprise a bead or a biological particle. The method can also include subjecting the first droplet and the second droplet to conditions sufficient to transfer the reagent from the first droplet to the second droplet, thereby decreasing the first concentration in the first droplet and increasing the second concentration in the second droplet.

The invention provides a large-model-assisted dynamic configuration and quick response method for a knitting production line, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the historical data of the knitting production line according to the dye molecular weight, the dye polar group number and the dye molecular space structure as dye property parameters, and constructing a dye property data warehouse; according to historical data of a knitting production line, dye molecular structure parameters, yarn surface morphology, material characteristics and friction coefficient test data are selected, and a correlation prediction model of dye properties and yarn friction coefficients is constructed; according to dye properties and friction coefficient distribution characteristics, performing clustering grouping on dye formula compositions, determining dye combinations having similar influence on yarn friction coefficients, and forming a dye formula and friction coefficient mapping library; knitting mechanical structure parameters, a knitting needle motion trail equation, a fabric organization structure matrix and fabric density parameters are obtained and combined with a dye formula and friction coefficient mapping library, and a weaving process digital twinning model is constructed.

A method for real-time, multi-parameter monitoring of fluid quality, comprising the steps of: transiently transforming a continuous stream of the fluid into non-thermal plasma using at least one dielectric barrier discharge plasma chamber; subjecting the liquid to a pressure drop, generating a biphasic liquid-gas stream; continuously ionizing the biphasic liquid-gas stream through a controlled electric field, produced by at least one dielectric barrier electrode; channeling at least one molecular or atomic emission toward a spectrum analysis module; detecting the at least one molecular or atomic emission through the spectrum analysis module; and analyzing the at least one molecular or atomic emission through the spectrum analysis module.

The invention relates to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell health state and electrochemical performance rapid online prediction method, and belongs to the technical field of cell life prediction, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, employing a DRT analysis method to analyze a Nyquist diagram of a galvanic pile, and calculating the impedance of each reaction process in the galvanic pile; s2, according to correlation analysis of the resistance and the voltage, establishing a relationship between ECM recession model parameters and the voltage, and estimating the health state of the fuel cell; s3, obtaining each reaction condition in the galvanic pile by using data from continuous online monitoring; the voltage of the galvanic pile is predicted through a hybrid neural network model, all reaction resistance values are obtained through extrapolation, and the electrochemical reaction related process in the galvanic pile is known in advance; and carrying out on-line estimation on the health state of the fuel cell.

An electrochemical reactor includes an anode, a cathode, and a membrane between and in contact with the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode forms a fluid passage having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the surface area of the fluid passage in contact with the anode or cathode is at least 25 times of the combined cross-sectional area of the inlet and the outlet. Further discussed herein is an electrochemical reactor comprising an anode, a cathode, and a membrane between and in contact with the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode forms a fluid passage having an inlet and an outlet, wherein a tortuosity of the fluid passage is no less than 10, wherein tortuosity is the ratio of fluid flow path length to the straight distance between the inlet and the outlet.

The invention discloses an SF6 degradation device and method based on gas-liquid two-phase dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The device comprises a gas inlet control module, a dielectric barrier discharge reaction module, an alkaline solution tank and an alkaline solution supply module, the gas inlet control module comprises a gas distributing and mixing unit, an SF6 gas cylinder and an inert gas cylinder, wherein the SF6 gas cylinder and the inert gas cylinder are connected with the gas distributing and mixing unit. The dielectric barrier discharge reaction module comprises a dielectric barrier reactor and a plasma power supply externally connected to the dielectric barrier reactor, and the dielectric barrier reactor is used for exciting inert gas in the mixed gas into plasma by using an electric field and degrading SF6 gas in the mixed gas based on the electric field and the plasma to obtain low-fluorine sulfide. The plasma is utilized to excite the alkaline solution to generate hydroxyl ions, the low-fluorine sulfide is degraded based on the hydroxyl ions, and degraded tail gas is obtained; and the alkaline solution tank is connected with a gas outlet of the dielectric barrier reactor. According to the invention, efficient harmless degradation of SF6 can be realized.

The invention discloses a method for testing polarization and decoupling of a flow battery. The method aims to quantify and separate three phenomena of ohmic polarization, activation polarization and concentration polarization in the flow battery. Comprising the following steps: firstly, carrying out electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing under open-circuit voltage and different working currents respectively to obtain ohmic resistance and charge transfer resistance, and carrying out integral calculation to obtain ohmic polarization and activated polarization; then, carrying out a step type constant current charging test to obtain a total polarization curve; and finally, subtracting the ohmic polarization and the activation polarization from the total polarization to obtain concentration polarization. The method is simple and convenient to operate and suitable for various types of flow batteries, a novel and effective solution is provided for polarization analysis of the flow batteries, an accurate test basis can be provided for optimization of battery design, and improvement of performance optimization and research level of the flow batteries is facilitated.

An all-solid-state secondary battery including: a cathode including a cathode active material layer; an anode including an anode current collector, and an anode active material layer on the anode current collector, wherein the anode active material layer includes an anode active material which is alloyable with lithium or forms a compound with lithium; and a solid electrolyte layer between the cathode and the anode, wherein a ratio of an initial charge capacity (b) of the anode active material layer to an initial charge capacity (a) of the cathode active material layer satisfies a condition of Equation 1: 0.01<(b / a)<0.5, wherein a is the initial charge capacity of the cathode active material layer determined from a first open circuit voltage to a maximum charging voltage, and b is the initial charge capacity of the anode active material layer determined from a second open circuit voltage to 0.01 volts vs. Li / Li+.

The embodiments described herein involve electrochemical cells that have a heating element integrated into the electrochemical cell. In some aspects, an electrochemical cell comprises an anode current collector, an anode material disposed on the anode current collector, a cathode current collector, a cathode material disposed on a first side of the cathode current collector, a separator disposed between the anode material and the cathode material, and a heating element disposed on a second side of the cathode current collector, the second side opposite the first side. The heating element may include an electrically conductive material and a conductive material and disposed in an insulative material.

Described herein are digital microfluidic (DMF) devices and corresponding methods for managing reagent solution evaporation during a reaction. Reactions on the DMF devices described here are performed in an air or gas matrix. The DMF devices include a means for performing reactions at different temperatures. To address the issue of evaporation of the reaction droplet especially when the reaction is performed at higher temperatures, a means for introducing a replenishing droplet has been incorporated into the DMF device. A replenishing droplet is introduced every time when it has been determined that the reaction droplet has fallen below a threshold volume. Detection and monitoring of the reaction droplet may be through visual, optical, fluorescence, colorimetric, and / or electrical means.

The invention relates to a back contact solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module, the back contact solar cell comprises a substrate, a first surface of the substrate is provided with P-type doped layers and N-type doped layers which are alternately arranged along a first direction, tunneling layers are arranged between the P-type doped layers and the substrate, and tunneling layers are arranged between the N-type doped layers and the substrate. The first fine grid is arranged on the N-type doped layer, and the second fine grid is arranged on the P-type doped layer. A first barrier layer is arranged in the N-type doping layer, the area of the first barrier layer is smaller than that of the N-type doping layer, the projection of the first fine grid falls into the projection of the first barrier layer in the thickness direction of the substrate, and the first barrier layer is used for preventing doping elements in the N-type doping layer and metal crystal grains in the first fine grid from diffusing towards the substrate. And the possibility that the tunneling layer and the substrate are damaged by doping elements and metal crystal grains is reduced. The first barrier layer and the tunneling layer can simultaneously realize selective transportation of carriers, and the efficiency of the back contact solar cell is improved.

The present invention relates to organic thin film sensors and the preparation and use thereof in sensing applications, and in particular in glucose sensing. The sensor is characterised by a layered structure comprising a porous wicking layer whose surface is configured to receive a liquid sample. An enzyme is disposed on or within the porous layer for facilitating the generation of a charge carrier from an analyte. A polymer layer in contact with the porous layer is connected to an ohmic conductor for applying a gate voltage to the polymer layer, the polymer layer being conductive to the charge carrier; and an organic semiconducting layer is connected to a source electrode and a drain electrode.

The invention provides a single molecule detection device and method based on an electrochemical gating technology in a quantum tunneling region, and relates to a detection technology for regulating molecular energy level alignment and regulating molecular conductance through gate voltage, a functionalized tunneling electrode is prepared at the tip of a nano pipettor and is placed in a solution containing single molecules, and the electrochemical gating technology in the quantum tunneling region is used for detecting the single molecules in the nano pipettor. The gate potential and the bias voltage are dynamically adjusted, tunneling current signals flowing through the single molecule are recorded and analyzed in real time, the structure, the charge state and the energy state of the single molecule can be actively regulated and controlled, and dynamic detection of the single molecule is achieved according to the conductivity change spectrum of the single molecule under different potential conditions. And the single molecule detection precision based on the tunneling electrode is obviously improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic devices, in particular to a monomolecular electric memristor based on dipole control and a preparation method thereof.The monomolecular electric memristor comprises a molecular heterojunction, and the molecular heterojunction is formed by connecting dipole molecules and graphene point electrodes through amido bonds; the dipole molecule comprises an amide structure based on a carbazole nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring unit, under the action of an external electric field, a side chain chemical bond of the dipole molecule can rapidly rotate, the size and direction of an intramolecular dipole moment can be changed, the molecule can be rapidly and stably switched among different resistance states, and the read-write speed of the memristor is remarkably improved; the storage state is stably kept under the power-off condition, and the long-term stability and reliability of the memristor function are ensured. The preparation method comprises the processes of introducing dipole molecules and forming amido bonds between the dipole molecules and the graphene point electrode, and the preparation method is simple and convenient to operate, mild in condition and beneficial to large-scale production.

The invention belongs to but not limited to the technical field of electrode materials, and particularly relates to a high-tap-density lithium nickel manganese oxide positive electrode material, a preparation method and a lithium ion battery, the chemical general formula of the high-tap-density lithium nickel manganese oxide positive electrode material is LiNi < 0.5-x > Mn < 1.5-y > M < x > N < y > O < 4 >, 0.1, 0 < = y < lt >; 0.1, M and N are doping elements and comprise one or more of Mg, Co, Al, Zr, W, Sb, Ta and Ti; the material is micron-sized spherical secondary particles formed by stacking and aggregating nano-sized octahedral primary particles, and is uniformly dispersed without agglomeration; the spherical secondary particles are formed by mixing spherical secondary particles with large and small particle size distribution, and the average particle size range of the large particles is 3lt; d < 50lt >; the average particle size range of the small particles is 1lt; d < 50lt >; 2 [mu] m.

The invention relates to a Bayesian optimization-based ruthenium, tin and indium doped lithium-rich manganese-based electrocatalyst screening method, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the following steps: generating a uniform ruthenium, tin and indium doped lithium-rich manganese-based material data set based on Dirac distribution, and generating a doped structure through element replacement; calculating hydroxyl adsorption energy and extracting descriptors to construct a data set to train a machine learning model; performing cell expansion operation on the initial electrocatalyst structure, predicting hydroxyl adsorption energy of each adsorption site, and mapping adsorption energy deviation into current density characterization component activity in combination with Boltzmann distribution; selecting an initial component based on the obtained component activity information, and constructing an agent model by utilizing Bayesian optimization; and determining a to-be-sampled component through an expectation improvement strategy, sampling and updating the agent model, and outputting an optimal doping proportion. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the ruthenium, tin and indium doped lithium-rich manganese-based electrocatalyst with excellent catalytic performance can be efficiently screened out, and the experiment cost is reduced.

The invention provides a battery monomer and a preparation method thereof, and a lithium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of batteries, the battery monomer comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, a diaphragm and an electrolyte, the particle size D50 of a positive active material of the positive pole piece is 0.5-5 [mu] m, and the particle size D50 of a negative active material of the negative pole piece is 0.5-5 [mu] m; and / or the particle size D50 of the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode plate is 3-10 [mu] m. The small-particle-size active material can reduce the concentration gradient of the surface of an electrode and the interior of the electrode, so that the diffusion resistance of lithium ions in the battery is reduced, the diffusion speed of the lithium ions is increased, and the lithium precipitation phenomenon is reduced. Due to reduction of the lithium precipitation phenomenon, the electrode structure can be kept relatively stable in the circulating process, and active lithium can be effectively utilized, so that the circulating performance of the battery is improved. Therefore, the problem of poor cycle performance of the quick-charge and quick-discharge type lithium ion battery can be improved.

Provided are an electrochemical model-based method and system for estimating a state of a solid-state lithium battery, where the method includes: a model construction step, for constructing an electrochemical model of a power solid-state lithium battery; and a code generation step, for converting the electrochemical model after simulated into executable code and importing the executable code into a battery management system to estimate the state of the power solid-state lithium battery.

A transistor that has a capacitance that varies in response to pressure includes a gel coupled to a gate thereof. The gel comprises a eutectic mixture having ionic conductivity.

The present invention relates to the technical field of molecular interaction analysis, and specifically provides a method for analyzing intermolecular interactions. The method comprises the following steps: using a rare earth material with a ligand molecule modified on its surface as an upconversion material, contacting the upconversion material with a target molecule in a solution system, irradiating the solution system with excitation light that matches the rare earth material, and continuously changing the intensity of the excitation light actually received by the upconversion material as the target molecule continuously binds and dissociates with the ligand molecule of the upconversion material in a dynamic process, thereby changing the intensity of the emitted light. By recording the curve of the emission light intensity changing with time, the molecular interaction kinetic constants, such as the binding rate constant (K on ), dissociation rate constant (K off ) and affinity (K D ), etc., which solves the technical problems of low accuracy of existing BLI technology and high cost of SPR technology. Based on the above principles, the present invention has also developed a series of experimental consumables, kits, sensors and analytical devices for molecular interaction analysis.

The invention discloses a rapid sorting method for retired lithium ion batteries based on an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a semi-parameter clustering algorithm, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test and relaxation time distribution analysis on the retired lithium ion batteries to obtain electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data and relaxation time distribution peak value data; and then, extracting features from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data by using a convolutional auto-encoder, extracting features from relaxation time distribution peak data by using a full-connection neural network, carrying out feature splicing on the two features, and inputting the spliced features into a deep neural network to quickly obtain the estimated capacity of the retired battery. And finally, taking the ohmic internal resistance, the impedance characteristic information and the estimated capacity of the retired lithium ion battery extracted from the electrochemical impedance spectrum data and the relaxation time distribution peak value data as the input of a semi-parameter clustering algorithm, and carrying out rapid sorting on the retired battery. According to the method, the capacity of the decommissioned lithium ion battery can be quickly predicted, outliers of the decommissioned battery are eliminated, and the decommissioned battery is quickly sorted.

A battery system includes a lithium ion battery configured to couple to an electrical system, and a battery management system configured to electrically couple to the lithium ion battery and to control one or more recharge parameters of the lithium ion battery. The battery management system is programmed with an electrochemical model, and the battery management system is configured to monitor parameters of the lithium ion battery, and to control the one or more recharge parameters of the lithium ion battery based on the electrochemical model and the one or more monitored parameters. The electrochemical model determines lithium plating reaction kinetics at an anode of the lithium ion battery, determines a quantity of plated lithium at the anode of the lithium ion battery, or both, and indicates a relationship between the one or more monitored parameters and the lithium plating reaction kinetics, the quantity of plated lithium, or both.

A lithium-ion battery having excellent high-temperature storage and high-temperature cycling performance. The lithium-ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material layer containing a silicon-based material. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additive, the organic solvent comprising fluoroethylene carbonate, and the additive comprising a silane compound containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The lithium-ion battery satisfies the following conditions: 5≤(S*R) / (F*T)≤35, 5≤f≤15, 1.4≤R≤1.68, 9≤S≤18, and 0.01≤T≤0.5. According to the lithium-ion battery, the mass percentage content of the organic solvent and the additive in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution are controlled, and the mass percentage content of elemental silicon in the negative electrode material layer is controlled and the compaction density of the negative electrode material layer is controlled to be within a certain range, such that the lithium-ion battery has excellent high-temperature storage performance and an excellent high-temperature cycle life, while also taking into account high energy density.

Thin film composite cation exchange membranes and systems and methods thereof, and, more particularly, thin film composite cation exchange membranes for monovalent / divalent ion separation in electrodialysis and thin film composite cation exchange membranes for achieving Li separation.

The invention discloses an aptamer sensor for detecting a tumor marker through nanochannel confinement electrochemical luminescence and a construction method and application of the aptamer sensor. The aptamer sensor comprises a three-electrode system of an aptamer electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and an electrolyte solution containing luminol is used as a detection solution; the aptamer electrode is an SNF modified electrode of confined nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot nano-enzyme, and is obtained by covalently immobilizing a tumor marker aptamer and closing a non-specific site. According to the invention, the gated ECL aptamer sensor of the endogenous co-reactant is constructed based on the SNF confinement N-GQDs nano-enzyme, the ECL signal of a luminol-O2 system is greatly sensitized, and the sensor has the advantages of low detection limit, high sensitivity, wide detection range and the like.

A battery system includes a lithium ion battery configured to couple to an electrical system, and a battery management system configured to electrically couple to the lithium ion battery and to control one or more recharge parameters of the lithium ion battery. The battery management system is programmed with an electrochemical model, and the battery management system is configured to monitor parameters of the lithium ion battery, and to control the one or more recharge parameters of the lithium ion battery based on the electrochemical model and the one or more monitored parameters. The electrochemical model determines lithium plating reaction kinetics at an anode of the lithium ion battery, determines a quantity of plated lithium at the anode of the lithium ion battery, or both, and indicates a relationship between the one or more monitored parameters and the lithium plating reaction kinetics, the quantity of plated lithium, or both.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical engineering and machine learning, and provides a Fischer-Tropsch reactor strengthening method based on microsystem catalyst screening and kinetic research. The method comprises four main steps of catalyst screening, kinetic model establishment, reactor size optimization and performance verification. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, screening Fe9Cr3 as an optimal bimetallic catalyst through molecular dynamics simulation; then, establishing a kinetic model by utilizing an Arrhenius equation, and calculating a reaction rate constant and activation energy; secondly, optimizing the length-diameter ratio L / D of the reactor through macroscopic simulation and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation; finally, the performance of the optimized reactor is verified through experiments, it is ensured that the activity and the synthesis rate of the catalyst reach expected targets, and CO2 emission reduction is achieved. According to the method, microscopic simulation and macroscopic simulation are combined, so that the overall efficiency and performance of F-T synthesis are improved, and meanwhile, the research and development cost is reduced, and the research and development time is shortened.