612 results about "Free-radical reaction" patented technology

Two or more plasma chambers are provided in a radical reactor to generate radicals of gases under different conditions for use in atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. The radical reactor has a body with multiple channels and corresponding process chambers. Each plasma chamber is surrounded by an outer electrode and has an inner electrode extending through the chamber. When voltage is applied across the outer electrode and the inner electrode with gas present in the plasma chamber, radicals of the gas is generated in the plasma chamber. The radicals generated in the plasma chamber are then injected into a mixing chamber for mixing with radicals of another gas from another plasma chamber, and injected onto the substrate. By providing two or more plasma chambers, different radicals of gases can be generated within the same radical reactor, which obviates the need for separate radical generators.

Various reactors for growing thin films on a substrate by subjecting the substrate to alternately repeated surface reactions of vapor-phase reactants are disclosed. The reactor according to the present invention includes a reaction chamber, a substrate holder, a showerhead plate, a first reactant source, a remote radical generator, a second reactant source, and an exhaust outlet. The showerhead plate is configured to define a reaction space between the showerhead plate and the substrate holder. The showerhead plate includes a plurality of passages leading into the reaction space. The substrate is disposed within the reaction space. A first non-radical reactant is supplied through the showerhead plate to the reaction space. The remote radical generator produces the radicals of a second reactant supplied from the second reactant source. The radicals are supplied directly to the reaction space without passing through the showerhead plate.

A radiation curable coating composition is provided and includes an effective amount of cationic photoinitiator, in combination with a charge transfer complex, the charge transfer complex comprising at least one electron withdrawing reactant component and at least one electron donating reactant component free radically reactive therewith, the electron withdrawing reactant component comprising an unsaturated nitrogen containing compound and the electron donating reactant component comprising an unsaturated compound having at least one vinyl ether group, the electron donating reactant component may be separate from or structurally incorporated within the electron withdrawing reactant component and an effective amount of a cationic photoinitiator. A photopolymerization process employing the composition is also provided.

Disclosed is a novel method for treatment of wastewater containing organic contaminant materials by oxidatively decomposing the contaminant materials by a radical reaction involving hydroxyl radicals. The method comprises passing the wastewater through a wastewater treatment conduit (6) comprising a straightly tubular member (6) and a radical generating part consisting of a truncated pyramidal or conical tubular member (1) having an inner surface layer of titanium dioxide to serve as a positive electrode and connected to the upstream end of the straightly tubular member and a negative electrode rod (4) coaxially held relative to the truncated tubular member and applying a pulsed DC voltage having a rectangular wave form at a specified frequency. The efficiency of wastewater treatment can be improved by providing an ultrasonic part consisting of a truncated tubular member similar (7) to the above and connected to the downstream end of the straightly tubular member and an ultrasonic vibrator (8) mounted thereon to emit pulsed ultrasonic waves.

Decellularization of tissue by means of an amphipathic solvent a well-established practice. However, situations exist where the provision of enhanced decellularization is preferred. There is a demand for treating methods for coping with such situations. Thus, it is intended to provide a method for enhancing decellularization. The method comprises not only the immersing of a tissue in a solution containing an amphiphilic molecule in non-micellar form (for example, 1,2-epoxide polymer) but also performing a radical reaction (for example, treatment selected from the group consisting of exposure to gamma-ray irradiation, ultraviolet irradiation, a free radical supply source, ultrasonication, electron beam irradiation, and X-ray irradiation).

A functional polymer having active and stable functional groups useful for separation or reactive processes in chemical manufacture or analysis is disclosed. The polymer comprises repeat units having structures corresponding to cycloaddition products of polymeric 1-(vinylphenyl)ethylene with electron-poor alkenes. A process for preparing the functional polymer does not require radical reactions or the exclusion of oxygen. The properties of the polymeric matrix produced can be adjusted by modifying the polymer. For example, the polymer particle size and shape, porosity, swellability, surface area, and number, type and distribution of functional groups may be controlled.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a fire retardant, in particular to a dialkyl metal phosphinate and a synthesis process of a fire retardant thereof. The dialkyl metal phosphinate has a structural formula described in the specification, wherein R1 represents alkyl, M represents metal ions, n represents an integer from 1 to 3, and R2 represents olefin of aliphatic series. The preparation method comprises the steps of: reacting alkylphosphonous dichloride with alcohol to obtain monoalkyl phosphate; carrying out radical reaction on the monoalkyl phosphate with olefin to obtain dialkyl ester phosphinate; and reacting the dialkyl ester phosphinate with lewis acid to obtain the dialkyl metal phosphinate fire retardant. The invention has mild reaction condition; the prepared product has good thermal stability and high yield, wherein the yield can reach 87.6 percent by the count of methyl butyl ester phosphate; and the preparation method is suitable for industrialized production.

A process including: forming a first mixture of a first fluoroelastomer, and a first polymeric siloxane containing free radical reactive functional groups; and forming a second mixture of the resulting product with a mixture of a second fluoroelastomer and a second polysiloxane compound, and wherein the resulting product of the dissimilar polymeric materials is a phase compatible blend. The phase compatible blend is useful as a component of electrostatographic and liquid ink printing machines, including long-life fuser rolls, backing rolls, transfer and transfuse belts and rolls and bias charging and bias transfer rolls.

The present invention relates to organic peroxide formulations that contain a reactive, compatible dye or pigment and their use in systems involving free radical reactions such as monomer polymerizations, resin and elastomer curing and polymer modifications. The dye or pigment appears red in the organic peroxide composition and during mixing of the organic peroxide with monomers, polymers and other systems to which organic peroxides are typically added before their use to generate free radicals. Once conditions are applied to decompose the peroxide into free radicals, the desired curing, crosslinking or polymerization reaction occurs and the red color disappears. The red color does not persist in the product at the end of the reaction and therefore does not adversely affect the desired final color of the reaction product.

A system and sequential method for integrated, in-situ modification of a substrate and subsequent atomic layer deposition of a thin film onto the substrate in an evacuated chamber includes introducing at least one feed gas into the chamber; generating a plasma from the feed gas; exposing said substrate to ions and / or radicals formed by the plasma; modulating any ions; reacting the substrate with said modulated ions and / or radicals to remove any contaminants from the substrate and producing a modified substrate. These steps are followed, in-situ, by performing an atomic layer deposition of a thin film onto the modified substrate in the chamber including introducing a first reactant gas into said chamber; adsorbing at least one monolayer of the first reactant gas onto the modified substrate; evacuating any excess first reactant gas from the chamber; introducing at least one additional feed gas into the chamber, generating a second plasma from the additional feed gas; exposing the modified substrate to additional ions and / or radicals formed by the plasma; modulating any additional ions; and reacting the adsorbed monolayer of the first reactant gas with any modulated additional ions and / or radicals to deposit the thin film.

Derivatives useful in the protection of living organisms against damage due to free radical reactions derived from methoxypolyethylene glycols (MPEG), which are modified by chemically attaching chelating groups in an amide or amine linkage to the nonmethyl end of the polymer. Such chelating groups include ethylene-diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), and ethylene glycol aminoethyl ether tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and pharmacologically acceptable salts or esters thereof.

The invention discloses application of dihydromyricetin in preparing a medicine for preventing and treating untoward reactions in radiotherapy and chemotherapy of tumor. In particular, the application is to prepare medicines for preventing and treating untoward reactions in radiotherapy and chemotherapy of tumor, preventing and treating arrest of bone marrow and baldness, resisting mutation, preventing and treating the generation of secondary tumors, preventing and treating tumor transfer, and preventing and treating breast cancer, cervical carcinoma, intestinal cancer and the like. The invention creatively finds that the dihydromyricetin has the effects of removing free radicals, inhibiting reaction chains of the free radicals, resisting the mutation, inhibiting the expression of the tumor gene, causing the death of tumor cells, preventing and treating the tumor generation, preventing and treating the secondary tumors and the transfer of the secondary tumors and preventing and treating infection. Therefore, as the medicine for preventing and treating untoward reactions in radiotherapy and chemotherapy of tumor, the dihydromyricetin can inhibit and alleviate chemical damage, prevent and treat damage of a mutagen and further prevent gene mutation or the secondary tumors; and by combination with the radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the effects of preventing untoward reactions in radiotherapy and chemotherapy of tumor and preventing generation of tumors are achieved.

The present invention discloses a negative planographic printing plate precursor for infrared exposure having an image recording layer containing an infrared absorbing agent, a radical generator and a radical polymerizable compound on a support characterized in that a sensitivity ratio (S1 / S60) of a sensitivity (S60) when developed 60 minutes after infrared laser exposure to a sensitivity (S1) when developed one minute after exposure is at least 0.5 and less than 1.0 in the image recording layer. It is preferable that this composition contains a polymer compound which has a functional group having high radical reactivity and can be dissolved or swollen in water or an aqueous alkali solution.

Hydrocarbons may be formed from six carbon sugars. This process involves obtaining a quantity of a hexose sugar. The hexose sugar may be derived from biomass. The hexose sugar is reacted to form an alkali metal levulinate, an alkali metal valerate, an alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or an alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate. An anolyte is then prepared for use in a electrolytic cell. The anolyte contains the alkali metal levulinate, the alkali metal valerate, the alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or the alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate. The anolyte is then decarboxylated. This decarboxylating operates to decarboxylate the alkali metal levulinate, the alkali metal valerate, the alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or the alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate to form radicals, wherein the radicals react to form a hydrocarbon fuel compound.

Performing atomic layer deposition (ALD) using radicals of a mixture of nitrogen compounds to increase the deposition rate of a layer deposited on a substrate. A mixture of nitrogen compound gases is injected into a radical reactor. Plasma of the compound gas is generated by applying voltage across two electrodes in the radical reactor to generate radicals of the nitrogen compound gases. The radicals are injected onto the surface of a substrate previously injected with source precursor. The radicals function as a reactant precursor and deposit a layer of material on the substrate.

The present invention relates to a method for post-modification of a macroporous polymeric support comprising one or more unreacted double bonds, which method includes the steps of contacting the support with a liquid comprising a grafting compound; and initiating a free radical reaction in the mixture obtained, wherein the grafting compound is comprised of a double bond as a reactive group coupled to a linear or cyclic chain of carbon. The grafting compound can be illustrated with vinyl ethers and / or styrene and styrene derivatives.

The invention provides a hydrogen peroxide oxidation combined amino wet desulphurization and denitration method and device. Firstly, an amino solution is used for removing sulfur dioxide with high efficiency to obtain a sulfite solution having reductibility; secondly, hydrogen peroxide is decomposed on the surface of a catalyst to obtain nitric oxide in high-activity free radical high-efficiency oxidation desulphurization gas; and finally, sulfite solution and nitric oxides are mixed and react to realize an aim of highly effectively absorbing the nitric oxides, so that a competitive relation formed by reaction of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide with high-activity free radicals is avoided, the consumption quality of an oxidizing agent is saved, and the reductibility of the sulfite solution can be used for reducing part of the nitric oxides to obtain nitrogen. The method and the device can be used for solving the technical problems that the denitration efficiency is low, the oxidation efficiency is low, the running cost is high and the like in a traditional pollutant removing process, a liquid-phase high-efficiency removal smoke products and product recycling type desulphurization and denitration mode is built, and the classification conversion of pollutants in a two-stage tower can be realized.

The invention discloses a method for preparing citrate nano zero-valent iron and a method of activated persulfate thereof for treating organic wastewater. The method for treating organic wastewater comprises the following steps: adding persulfate and stable citrate nano zero-valent iron into wastewater containing organic pollutants; uniformly mixing the stable citrate nano zero-valent iron with the persulfate, wherein the stable citrate nano zero-valent iron releases ferrous ions to react with zero-valent iron and the persulfate to generate free radicals with oxidizability, the free radicals degrade the organic pollutants in the wastewater, and the method is used for solving the problem in the prior art that activating conditions of activating the persulfate via heating activation and optical radiation activation are complicated; when the ferrous ions are used for activating the persulfate, the ferrous ions react with the active free radicals to reduce the utilization rate of peroxydisulfate and generate a large amount of iron sludge; the technical problem that the nano zero-valent iron is unlikely to recover when the nano zero-valent iron is used for activating the persulfate is at least partially overcome.

Contact lenses which exhibit improved wetability are provided. In one aspect, the surface of the contact lenses may be modified using a hydrophilic layer which imparts improved wetability to the contact lens. The contact lens may be exposed to a first plasma so as to generate free radicals on the contact lens surface. An organic compound may be further reacted with the free radicals on the surface to form an organic coating. The contact lens may be exposed to a under conditions selected to oxidize the organic coating and form the hydrophilic layer. Surface modified contact lenses may exhibit contact angles with respect to water less than about 50° using a broad range of organic compounds, including alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, esters, organosilicon, organophosphorous, organotitanium, organotin, organogermanium, and organoboron compounds. The improved wetability is also substantially maintained when the lens is subject to wear.

The present invention relates to a process comprising the steps of reacting in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst, a first reaction mixture comprising a free radical reactive compound and a silicon containing compound to form a silicon substituted glyceryl (meth)acrylate.

The present invention provides a radiation curable coating composition for forming a polymeric coating on a glass optical fiber, the composition comprising a mixture of: a base radiation curable liquid composition capable of forming a polymeric coating; at least one adhesion promoter selected from the group consisting of bis-silyl amines, diacrylated silane tertiary amine, acetoxy functional silanes, trifunctional isocyanurates and mixtures thereof, and 0 to about 10 percent by weight of one or more photoinitiators. The present invention also includes a coated optical fiber, a method for making an optical fiber and compositions containing adhesion promoters that do not undergo free radical reaction with base radiation curable pre-polymer of the composition.

Embodiments disclosed herein include an abatement system for abating compounds produced in semiconductor processes. The abatement system includes an exhaust cooling apparatus located downstream of a plasma source. The exhaust cooling apparatus includes a plate and a cooling plate disposed downstream of the plate. During operation, materials collected on the plate react with cleaning radicals to form a gas. The temperature of the plate is higher than the temperature of the cooling plate in order to improve the reaction rate of the reaction of the cleaning radicals and the materials on the plate.

The invention relates to high-strength-and-viscosity double-layer hydrogel and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of forming a substrate layer by free radical polymerization, forming tough hydrogel, when free radical reaction is not completed, adding viscous hydrogel on a tough layer, and continuously performing free radical reaction, so that the upper-layer viscous hydrogel and the lower-layer tough hydrogel which is not completely reacted are bonded to form the high-strength-and-viscosity double-layer hydrogel. The method is proved to enable the hydrogel to have a good bonding property without an obvious layered structure; the method is simple and effective, toughness and viscosity are combined together, and the application field of the hydrogel is widened; shown by mechanical property tests, the mechanical strength of the viscous and tough hydrogel reaches 1.3 MPa, and release force strength can meet most application requirements.

A dicing die-bonding film comprising a dicing film having a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on a base and a die-bonding film on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer comprising an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive comprising an acrylic polymer which comprises an acrylic ester, a hydroxyl group-containing monomer where a ratio is in a range of 10-40 mol % to 100 mol % of the acrylic ester, an isocyanate compound having a radical reactive carbon-carbon double bond where a ratio is in a range of 70-90 mol % to 100 mol % of the hydroxyl group-containing monomer, and a compound having two or more radical reactive carbon-carbon double bonds where a ratio is in a range of 10-60 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the acrylic polymer, and the die-bonding film is formed from an epoxy resin and is laminated on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

A dicing die-bonding film having a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on a base material, and a die-bonding film on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, which, even if the semiconductor wafer is thin, is excellent in balance between holding strength of the semiconductor wafer during dicing and peeling property of its semiconductor chip obtained by dicing upon being peeled together with the die-bonding film. A dicing die-bonding film having a dicing film having a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on a base material, and a die-bonding film formed on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer contains a polymer comprising an acrylic acid ester as a main monomer, 10 to 30 mol % of a hydroxyl group-containing monomer based on the acrylic acid ester, and 70 to 90 mol % of an isocyanate compound having a radical reactive carbon-carbon double bond based on the hydroxyl group-containing monomer, and the die-bonding film comprises an epoxy resin.

A process for producing silicon-containing particles having an extremely small particle diameter by a simple process without using surface-active agents or the like. The process is characterized by forming silicon-containing particles as a result of phase separation from an organic polymer, wherein the phase separation is achieved by an addition reaction, condensation reaction, ring-opening reaction, or a radical reaction of a curable silicon-containing compound or a curable composition that contains said compound, and the silicon-containing compound or the composition is maintained in a uniform liquid, fused, or dissolved phase with the organic polymer that is free of silicon and does not participate in the curing reaction of the silicon-containing compound or the composition.

A method of fabricating an inkjet print head including forming an energy-generating element to eject ink on a substrate. A chamber layer and a nozzle layer having a nozzle corresponding to the energy-generating element are formed on the substrate. At least one layer of the chamber layer and the nozzle layer is formed using a photo-curable resin composition containing a photo-radical generator, an epoxy resin curable by reaction with a radical, and a non-photo reactive solvent.

A dicing die-bonding film comprising a dicing film having a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on a base material, and a die-bonding film formed on the dicing film, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer contains a polymer obtained by the addition reaction of an acrylic polymer containing 10 to 40 mol % of a hydroxyl group-containing monomer with 70 to 90 mol % of an isocyanate compound having a radical reactive carbon-carbon double bond based on the hydroxyl group-containing monomer, and 2 to 20 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent including in the molecule two or more functional groups having reactivity with a hydroxyl group based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is also cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays under predetermined conditions, and wherein the die-bonding film comprises an epoxy resin, and is also bonded on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer after irradiation with ultraviolet rays.