293 results about "Surface reaction" patented technology

The invention discloses a porous ceramic filter for liquid magnesium alloy purification and a preparation method thereof, and the porous ceramic filter comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-85wt% of ceramic particles, 8-15wt% of multi-element oxide system microcrystalline glass brazing filler metal and the balance of a binder, al2O3-B2O3-SiO2-MgO-CaO multi-element oxide system microcrystalline glass brazing filler metal is adopted, under the condition of air atmosphere high-temperature calcination, a compact reaction layer containing a low-melting-point glass phase, an aluminum oxide phase, a magnesium aluminate spinel phase, a calcium aluminosilicate phase, a borate phase and a silicate phase is generated on the surfaces of ceramic particles of a porous ceramic filter through a chemical reaction; the magnesium alloy filter has high strength and good high-temperature stability, and the problems that the filter loses efficacy and magnesium alloy melt is polluted due to the fact that the filter is eroded by magnesium alloy liquid are effectively solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of membrane separation, in particular to a preparation method of a pH-step-by-step thermocuring regulation sodium-magnesium separation nanofiltration membrane. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pre-treating a base membrane; (2) preparation and treatment of an aqueous phase solution: S1, preparing the aqueous phase solution according to mass fraction: sequentially adding 1.2%-1.6% of piperazine, 0.10%-0.14% of triaminopyrimidine and 0.14%-0.18% of polyethylene glycol into deionized water, and stirring until the piperazine, the triaminopyrimidine and the polyethylene glycol are completely dissolved to form the aqueous phase solution; s2, adjusting the pH value of the water-phase solution to 10-11 by using hydrochloric acid; s3, pouring the water-phase solution of which the pH is adjusted on the surface of the pretreated base membrane, standing, and blow-drying to form a uniform water-phase layer; (3) interfacial polymerization reaction: S1, preparing an oil phase solution: adding 0.10-0.14% of trimesoyl chloride into n-hexane, and performing ultrasonic treatment until the trimesoyl chloride is completely dissolved; s2, pouring the oil-phase solution on the surface of the base membrane subjected to water-phase treatment, and after reaction, pouring out redundant solution to form a polyamide separation layer, so as to obtain a membrane sheet; (4) performing a step-by-step thermocuring process; and (5) cleaning and storing.

The invention provides a composite nanofiltration membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: reacting a water phase solution and an oil phase solution on the surface of a base membrane to obtain a primary composite nanofiltration membrane; wherein the water phase solution contains piperazine and polyacrylamide, and the oil phase solution contains trimesoyl chloride. The nanofiltration membrane provided by the invention is high in pure water flux, good in membrane surface hydrophilicity, strong in pollution resistance, high in mechanical strength and durability, low in cost and capable of stably running for a long time.

A process for forming a vapor-deposited ZIF-8 metal organic framework includes: conducting a gas surface reaction between an ALD-deposited ZnO and 2-methylimidazole to form a vapor-deposited ZIF-8 metal organic framework, wherein the gas surface reaction is conducted at a temperature greater than 140 C, and wherein the gas surface reaction is conducted at a pressure of less than 1000 mTorr. In a particular embodiment, the gas surface reaction is conducted at a temperature of 160 C. A process for preparing a laminate includes: performing ALD of zinc oxide as a base between 1 nm to 10 nm in thickness, exposing 2-methylimidazole vapor phase linker at chemical vapor deposition at a temperature range of greater than 140 C to less than or equal to 180 C in a vacuum condition, and cycling of the ZnO ALD and 2-methylimidazole exposure to deposit a film or fill a gap.

The invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage, and discloses a vanadium redox flow battery stack optimization and performance prediction method, which comprises the following steps: constructing a high-precision reaction kinetic model, and accurately describing the kinetic behavior of an electrode reaction based on a multi-step reaction mechanism, a surface adsorption-desorption process and heterogeneous surface reaction distribution; based on the output of the reaction kinetic model, constructing a multi-physical field coupling model, including ion mass transfer, fluid dynamics and heat transfer models, to cooperatively simulate the ion concentration, fluid flow and temperature field distribution in the galvanic pile; and based on the state variables of the multi-physics field coupling model, constructing a dynamic prediction model of chemical reaction-heat-fluid coupling, and predicting the future performance of the galvanic pile in real time through a long and short term memory network model. According to the method, the energy efficiency, the power density and the service life of the vanadium redox flow battery can be improved, and support is provided for intelligent management and optimization of the vanadium redox flow battery.

The invention provides a plasma torch device compatible with near-normal-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy, and relates to the field of in-situ spectroscopy characterization. According to the plasma torch device compatible with the near-normal-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy, gas conveying and plasma generation can be synchronously carried out at the same position, the uniformity of the plasma entering the in-situ characterization experiment chamber is guaranteed, the plasma can be concentrated in a test area, and the test efficiency is improved. The plasma concentration on the surface of the sample is increased, and the surface reaction of the sample is improved. The invention further provides an in-situ photoelectron spectroscopy characterization device.

The invention discloses a p-region metal introduced palladium-based intermetallic compound catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof in the field of electrocatalysts, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: introducing a p-region metal element into metal palladium through a colloid synthesis method to prepare a palladium-based intermetallic compound precursor; and calcining the precursor in a reducing atmosphere to obtain the p-region metal-introduced palladium-based intermetallic compound, which shows significantly improved alkaline HOR performance. The introduction of the p-region metal in the catalyst promotes d-p orbital hybridization and electron interaction, and the catalyst can be used as an electrocatalyst in alkaline hydroxide reaction, and is beneficial to optimization of binding energy of catalytic surface reaction intermediates, so that the alkaline HOR activity is improved, the cost is reduced, and the catalyst variety is widened.

The present invention belongs to the fields of pyrolyzed carbon black reinforcement, and the manufacturing of tires and non-tire rubber products. Provided are an interfacial reinforcing agent for pyrolyzed carbon black, and reinforced pyrolyzed carbon black and the use thereof. The interfacial reinforcing agent for pyrolyzed carbon black comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.1-10 parts of a main interfacial reinforcing agent and 0.1-3 parts of an auxiliary interfacial reinforcing agent, wherein the main interfacial reinforcing agent comprises one or more of a nitrogen-containing compound, an active-double-bond-containing compound and a sulfur-containing compound; and the auxiliary interfacial reinforcing agent comprises one or more of a coupling agent compound, an organic acid compound and an amide compound. With regard to different functional groups (including double bonds, oxygen-containing functional groups, etc.) contained in the surface of the pyrolyzed carbon black, a suitable interfacial reinforcing agent is selected for modification to make the interfacial reinforcing agent react with the surface of pyrolyzed carbon black, thereby improving the tensile strength of the modified pyrolyzed carbon black in a rubber system.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a peptide microtube / SnO2 / Au composite gas-sensitive material. The three-dimensional network structure of the peptide microtube is utilized to effectively adsorb SnO2 and Au nanoparticles, so that the SnO2 and Au nanoparticles form a complete connection path on the surface of the peptide microtube, and electron transfer is facilitated; and gas diffusion is also facilitated. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Au nanoparticles can enhance visible light absorption and surface reaction activity, so that the gas-sensitive property is improved, and rapid adsorption and desorption reaction can be carried out at room temperature. The prepared sensor exerts the synergistic effect of the three materials, realizes efficient detection of NO2 at room temperature, has very high selectivity to NO2, and has relatively high response to low-concentration NO2, so that trace detection can be carried out.

The invention relates to a stripping method for a reaction layer on the surface of a high-temperature alloy return scrap, and relates to the technical field of cleaning, recycling and reusing of metal materials. According to the main technical scheme, the stripping method for the reaction layer on the surface of the high-temperature alloy return scrap comprises the steps that the high-temperature alloy return scrap serves as an anode, and an inert material serves as a cathode; the anode and the cathode are placed in an electrolyte for electrolytic treatment so as to remove a surface reaction layer on the high-temperature alloy return scrap; wherein the electrolyte contains 1 to 3 mol / L of chlorine salt electrolyte additive and 0 to 2 mol / L of weak acid. The green and efficient stripping method for the reaction layer on the surface of the high-temperature alloy return scrap is mainly provided, the content of gas impurity elements is reduced, and the cyclic utilization rate of the return scrap is increased.

Methods are provided for etching molybdenum in a wet ALE process. The methods disclosed herein use a wide variety of techniques and wet etch chemistries to oxidize a molybdenum surface and form a self-limiting, molybdenum oxide passivation layer in a surface modification step of the wet ALE process. In the wet ALE processes and methods disclosed herein, self-limiting behavior is provided in the oxidation step by adding a polydentate ligand to an aqueous oxidizing solution. The polydentate ligand reacts with and binds to the oxidized molybdenum surface to form a stable, ligand-molybdenum oxide complex, which is insoluble within the aqueous oxidizing solution. The insolubility of the ligand-molybdenum complex in the aqueous oxidizing solution provides self-limiting behavior in the oxidation step. After forming the molybdenum oxide passivation layer, the passivation layer is selectively removed in a dissolution step of the wet ALE process to etch the molybdenum surface.

The invention relates to the technical field of biomedical materials, in particular to a preparation method of TPP-mediated mitochondrial-targeted cerium-doped antioxidant carbon quantum dots, which comprises the following steps: mixing citric acid, urea and cerium salt serving as raw materials, and reacting by adopting a hydrothermal method to synthesize the cerium-doped carbon quantum dots; then triphenylphosphine is grafted to the surface of the cerium-doped carbon quantum dot through an amide method, separation and purification are carried out after the reaction is completed, the target carbon quantum dot is obtained, and the cerium element in the cerium salt is used for endowing the carbon quantum dot with an anti-oxidation function. The carbon quantum dots prepared by the method are accurate in mitochondria targeting and strong in oxidation resistance, the preparation process is simple, convenient, environment-friendly and large-scale, and the product is uniform in particle size, stable in fluorescence, good in biocompatibility and wide in application prospect in the field of biomedicine.

The invention belongs to the field of aldehyde removal materials, and particularly relates to a melt-blown film-manganese oxide composite aldehyde removal material and preparation and application thereof.The preparation method includes the steps that a melt-blown film is placed in a divalent manganese salt solution to be subjected to ultrasonic-assisted treatment, and the concentration of Mn < 2 + > in the divalent manganese salt solution is 0.4-1 M; placing the melt-blown film subjected to ultrasonic treatment in a permanganate radical source solution for surface reaction, and depositing manganese dioxide on the melt-blown film in situ to prepare the melt-blown film-manganese oxide composite formaldehyde removal material, the concentration of permanganate ions in the permanganate source solution is 0.35-0.45 M, and the molar ratio of Mn in the melt-blown film subjected to ultrasonic treatment to Mn in the permanganate source solution is 1: (2.5-15). The material provided by the invention can obtain excellent dealdehyding efficiency and effect under the condition of low formaldehyde.

The invention discloses an atomic layer deposition process simulation modeling method, device and equipment, relates to the field of integrated circuit manufacturing, and is used for solving the problem that in the prior art, only process parameters are quantified, and the evolution conditions of different substrate surface appearances along with reaction time cannot be determined for different substrate structures. Comprising the following steps: defining structural information of a to-be-deposited multi-dimensional substrate in an atomic layer deposition process; describing the transmission process of target molecules in the atomic layer deposition process by using a multi-dimensional reaction diffusion equation; describing a surface reaction mechanism of a target molecule in an atomic layer deposition process by utilizing a Langmuir adsorption principle; based on the transmission process and the surface reaction mechanism, the deposition rates of different positions of the surface of the multi-dimensional substrate are calculated; and determining the evolution condition of the multi-dimensional substrate surface morphology along with the deposition time and the deposition rate change condition based on the deposition rate. According to the invention, the GPC, the coverage rate and the deposition contour change condition of the object to be deposited in different growth periods can be simulated.

The invention provides a non-vacuum up-drawing continuous casting production process of a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy rod material. The non-vacuum up-drawing continuous casting production process specifically comprises the following steps: adding electrolytic copper into a smelting furnace, adding a covering agent, intermittently filling nitrogen into the surface of the covering agent, heating until the covering agent is molten, adding a chromium raw material, and adding a copper-zirconium intermediate alloy; before up-drawing continuous casting, a graphite mold is installed at the bottom of a water-cooling copper sleeve, asbestos and a graphite protective sleeve are installed outside the mold, then the mold is installed on a traction rack, the head of a stainless steel traction rod is connected with a pure copper drawing head and placed into a crystallizer, and a water-cooling system is started after installation is completed; and upward continuous casting is conducted, specifically, a crystallizer is placed below the liquid level of the melt, a traction device is started, and the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy rod is cast according to preset traction parameters. And meanwhile, a servo motor is started, and the pure Cr wire and the pure Zr wire are automatically fed into the copper liquid. The method has the advantages that the graphite die can be prevented from becoming rough due to surface reaction in the pull casting process, the surface of a continuous casting rod material is bright, and the upward continuous casting process is continuously and stably carried out.

The invention discloses modified egg shell powder with a high-activity porous structure and a preparation method of the modified egg shell powder. The material is prepared by the following steps: cleaning egg shells, calcining for 15-40 minutes in an air atmosphere of 300-400 DEG C, grinding and grading, and carrying out surface modification by a silane coupling agent containing amino groups and / or epoxy groups. The BET specific surface area of the modified egg shell powder is larger than 5 m / g, and the surface water contact angle is larger than 90 degrees. Comparison experiments prove that the eggshell powder treated by the method disclosed by the invention has obviously improved surface reaction activity, a porous structure and fundamentally improved interface bonding force with a polymer matrix. The material can be used as a functional filler in the field of composite materials.

The invention discloses a cocatalyst / heterostructure / tungsten trioxide photo-anode integrated structure and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biomass conversion and photoelectrocatalysis. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, synthesizing a zinc oxide / tungsten trioxide heterostructure by adopting hydrothermal, spin-coating and calcining modes, then synthesizing a noble metal modified nickel phosphide cocatalyst through phosphorization, and loading the cocatalyst on the surface of the heterostructure to successfully construct a cocatalyst / heterostructure / photo-anode integrated system. The heterostructure of zinc oxide and tungsten trioxide can inhibit recombination of photo-generated carriers, and the noble metal modified cocatalyst can reduce interface resistance between the heterostructure and the electrolyte, accelerate migration of photo-generated holes, greatly reduce surface energy barriers, improve surface reaction kinetics and prolong the service life of photo-generated charges. The method has the advantages that the method is simple and easy to implement, excellent photoelectrocatalysis glycerol oxidation performance is achieved, only two C3 products including glyceraldehyde and 1, 3-dihydroxyacetone are available, the variety is few, and a feasible path is provided for improving photoelectrocatalysis biomass high-valued coupling hydrogen production.

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture, utilization and storage, and particularly discloses a CO2 mineralization and storage device and method based on multi-field coupling and multi-phase interface regulation, the device comprises a reaction kettle, an injection system and a monitoring system, a paddle is rotatably arranged in the reaction kettle, a distributed heating system is further arranged in the reaction kettle, and the injection system is connected with the monitoring system. The reaction kettle is used for establishing an axial temperature gradient in the reaction kettle, and an ultrasonic-microwave coupling generation device is arranged outside the reaction kettle in a surrounding manner; the injection system comprises a CO2 injection device and an atomized water injection device, and further comprises a plurality of porous rings arranged at intervals in the depth direction of the reaction kettle, a plurality of spray holes are formed in the inner peripheries of the porous rings at intervals in the circumferential direction, the directions of the spray holes are tangent to the circumferential direction of the porous rings, and porous media are embedded in the spray holes; the monitoring system is used for monitoring the temperature, humidity and pressure in the reaction kettle. According to the method, through temperature gradient induction and dynamic humidity regulation and control, the CO2 diffusion rate and the surface reaction rate are synchronously increased, and the mineralization efficiency and the product stability are improved.

According to the efficient composite ore leaching flora and the application thereof, by optimizing the specific proportion of thiobacillus ferrooxidans, thiobacillus acidophilus, thiobacillus thiooxidans and high-temperature-resistant leptospirillum and combining a directional domestication technology, the tolerance of the flora to ores with high toxicity and complex components is remarkably improved. Extracellular polymeric substances secreted by the flora strengthen mineral surface reaction through chelation, and the copper leaching rate is increased by 40% or above compared with that of a single strain in cooperation with a segmented temperature control process. The flora provided by the invention can realize efficient metal recovery under the condition of low energy consumption, is suitable for large-scale dump leaching and reactor leaching, and has dual advantages of environmental protection and economy.

Methods and apparatuses for precise trimming of silicon-containing materials are provided. Methods involve oxidizing silicon-containing materials and thermally removing the oxidized silicon-containing materials at particular temperatures for a self-limiting etch process. Methods also involve a surface reaction limited process using a halogen source and modulated temperature and exposure duration to etch small amounts of silicon-containing materials. Apparatuses are capable of flowing multiple oxidizers at particular temperature ranges to precisely etch substrates.

The invention discloses a preparation method of TiO2 powder with a rutile and anatase core-shell structure, and particularly relates to the technical field of photocatalytic material preparation. According to the method, rutile phase TiO2 powder is used as a core material, a titanate intermediate layer is formed on the surface of a particle through an accurately controlled hydrothermal alkali treatment process, and then a surface layer phase is converted into an anatase phase through acid pickling treatment and controllable heat treatment, so that a complete core-shell heterojunction structure is constructed. The process flow is relatively simple, the cost is controllable, the phase structure conversion rate is high, and the shell thickness can be accurately regulated and controlled. The obtained TiO2 core-shell structure powder has excellent structural stability of a rutile phase and high surface reaction activity of an anatase phase, and shows remarkably enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance under the condition of ultraviolet irradiation, and the catalytic efficiency of the TiO2 core-shell structure powder is greatly improved compared with that of single rutile phase TiO2; and a new process method is provided for large-scale preparation of efficient photocatalytic materials.

The invention discloses a preparation method of ceramic powder with a core-shell structure, and a preparation method and application of a green tape. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing basic powder with multiple precursor materials forming the cladding material by adopting a rotary chemical vapor deposition method, reacting the multiple precursor materials at a reaction temperature, and generating a high-molecular polymer cladding outside the basic powder. The problems of uneven mixing, particle crushing caused by long-time mixing and the like in ball-milling mixing can be solved; in addition, the coating effect of the binder can be better, the dispersity of the ceramic powder is better, and the ceramic powder is more controllable and not agglomerated in the subsequent sintering process. The method has the advantages that the precursor reacts on the surface of the basic powder to form a core-shell structure, so that the ceramic powder is single in size, small in size and high in dispersity, and the low-temperature ceramic material manufactured by sintering the material has higher strength, higher fracture toughness and higher density.

The invention discloses a preparation method and system of a modified electrode material, and the method comprises the steps: an electrode material moves into a modification tank, the modification tank contains a modification solution with continuously changing concentration, and the electrode material is always soaked in the modification solution when passing through the modification tank; after leaving the modification tank, the electrode material is cleaned, dried and subjected to heat treatment, and the modified electrode material with continuous electrochemical activity change is obtained. According to the invention, by controlling the continuous change of the reaction active sites on the surface of the electrode material, the electrochemical activity of the reaction sites is fully utilized, the electrochemical activity change is concentrated on the same electrode material, and the tedious process caused by splicing of multiple sections of electrodes is also avoided.

The invention discloses an interface type photo-thermal synergistic hydrogen production reactor which comprises a shell and a hydrogen production reaction structure. The shell is provided with a feeding port, the hydrogen production reaction structure is arranged in the shell, and a gas channel is formed between the hydrogen production reaction structure and the shell. An internal channel is formed in the hydrogen production reaction structure in the axial direction of the hydrogen production reaction structure, the internal channel is communicated with the feeding port, at least part of the hydrogen production reaction structure is of a porous structure, and the porous structure is provided with a catalyst for hydrogen production. A reaction solution enters the internal channel through the feeding port and radially diffuses to the surface of the hydrogen production reaction structure from the porous structure, and gas generated by the reaction solution through a catalytic reaction is discharged from the gas channel. The interface type photo-thermal synergistic hydrogen production reactor combines photo-thermal catalysis and thermocatalysis effects, utilizes solar energy to the maximum extent, adopts brand new radial conveying, and has the advantages that the flowing speeds of reaction solutions at all positions in the radial direction are consistent, and the reaction is more uniform and more sufficient.

The invention relates to a high-selectivity ilmenite flotation process, belongs to the technical field of flotation, and aims to solve at least one of the problems of poor ilmenite selectivity, poor collecting performance and the like in the conventional flotation method. According to the ilmenite flotation process, the collecting agent of a specific structure is selected, the two hydroximido groups and the two imino groups are introduced into the same molecular structure, and the binding capacity between the collecting agent and metal ions can be improved through a solid-loving group composed of the two hydroximido groups; the adsorption stability of the whole collector molecules on the surface of the mineral is enhanced, and the collecting performance and selectivity of the collector molecules are improved; meanwhile, a plasma pretreatment method is adopted for the raw ore, the surface structure of the ore is changed, impurities on the surface of the ore are reduced, the reaction activity of the surface of the ore is enhanced, and the surface property difference between the ilmenite and forsterite is improved, so that collecting agent molecules can chemically react with the surface of the ilmenite under the weak acid condition, and the flotation separation efficiency of the ilmenite is improved; and the consumption of sulfuric acid is reduced.

Methods and systems for producing cement binder without wall packing or interfacial transition zones are provided. A metal hydroxide is reacted with a silicate to produce a silicate precursor. The silicate precursor is then mixed with aluminosilicate material which forms a condensation reaction directly in the solution, resulting in a binder that does not rely on a surface-alone reaction.

The invention provides a preparation method of a melamine cyanuric acid coated phosphorus flame retardant and application of the flame retardant in flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane artificial leather. According to the preparation method, melamine cyanuric acid is coated on the surface of phosphorus flame retardant powder in an in-situ polymerization manner, and an ethanol-free solvent is used as a reaction medium in the reaction process, so that the preparation method has the advantages of environment friendliness, safety and high yield and conversion rate; and the phosphorus-based flame retardant coated with the melamine cyanuric acid has a synergistic effect on the flame retardant property.

The application provides a regeneration method of halogenated nitrobenzene continuous hydrogenation catalyst, and relates to the technical field of fixed bed halogenated nitrobenzene hydrogenation. The regeneration method mainly comprises the following steps: using alcohol, alkali, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate to preliminarily clean the bed layer, removing azo compounds and other pollutants on the surface of the catalyst by using the special properties of ionic liquids, and then completing the regeneration of the catalyst through the steps of pickling, precious metal solution treatment and drying. The application overcomes the defects of the prior art, has the advantages of simple operation, mild conditions and low cost, realizes the in-situ removal of surface impurities such as reaction intermediates and azo compounds on the catalyst surface without damaging the structure of the catalyst and disassembling the catalyst, further supplements the lost metal active components, and can effectively restore the catalyst activity.

The invention provides a method for graft modification on the surface of a substrate, which comprises the following steps: pretreating the surface of the substrate to connect hydroxyl, amino or sulfydryl on the surface of the substrate; placing the pretreated substrate in a silane coupling agent containing two silicon atoms or a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent containing two silicon atoms and the silane coupling agent containing one silicon atom for reaction; according to the preparation method, the silane coupling agent containing two silicon atoms is adopted independently or is mixed with the silane coupling agent containing one silicon atom, and then covalent bonding is carried out on the silane coupling agent and the surface of the substrate; the silane coupling agent containing two silicon atoms or a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent has unique advantages and higher reaction activity, has two sites capable of reacting with the surface of the substrate and rapidly reacts with active groups on the surface of the substrate to ensure effective surface modification, and the durability of a modification layer is improved through additional bonding points; the obtained substrate has better hydrolysis resistance.

The application belongs to the technical field of photocatalytic CO2 cycloaddition reaction, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a vacancy defect layered bismuth semiconductor material and application of the vacancy defect layered bismuth semiconductor material in photocatalytic CO2 cycloaddition reaction. The material is based on a bismuth semiconductor material with a Sillen-Aurivillius structure, and a defect site is constructed by vacancy regulation of the material. Low-valence metal ions exposed by the vacancy defect can be used as Lewis acid sites to adsorb and activate epoxides, and the defect site can promote separation of photo-generated carriers, thereby enhancing surface reaction kinetics and effectively improving photocatalytic activity of the material, and finally promoting photocatalytic CO2 cycloaddition reaction performance.