2585results about How to "Reduce pollution" patented technology

A method for making a process kit and a process kit design which has reduced particle generation during substrate processing are provided. The internal surface of the process kit design are textured by coating its surface with a first material layer having a smaller RMS surface roughness measurement and arc spraying with a second material layer or additional material layers having a larger RMS value. The first material layer can be coated by bead blasting, plating, arc spraying, thermal spraying, or other processes. In addition, the invention also provides selective coating of internal surface of the process kit with a protective layer and arc spraying the surface pf the protective layer with another material layer, which may be of the same material as the material of the internal surface of the process kit.

The present invention is a method and apparatus for effectuating commerce in claimant-driven individual pollution credits which allows gas utility consumers to claim pollution credit when reducing their pollution levels while employing energy efficiency measures, which has value. Such reduced pollution credit is given value by a third-party, thus, individuals, government agencies and related parties, working in concert with a third-party identify the need, establish ownership, calculate the pollution credit value, and create a new market that has economic value and environmental benefit.

Methods are provided for detecting low copy nucleic acids of interest in a sample. In one method, a sample comprising a nucleic acid of interest is aliquotted into a plurality of reaction mixtures, at least two of which are single-copy reaction mixtures. The reaction mixtures are subjected to one or more amplification reactions while flowing through a channel of a microfluidic device. At least one of the reaction mixtures is formulated in an aqueous phase of an emulsion comprising aqueous droplets suspended in an immiscible liquid. The nucleic acid of interest is present as a single copy in at least one aqueous droplet of the aqueous phase prior to performing the amplification reaction(s). Amplification is performed on the reaction mixture when it is formulated in the emulsion. The nucleic acid is continuously flowed during a plurality of steps of the method.

Apparatus and methods are provided for interacting light with particles, including but not limited to biological matter such as cells, in unique and highly useful ways. Optophoresis consists of subjecting particles to various optical forces, especially optical gradient forces, and more particularly moving optical gradient forces, so as to obtain useful results. In biology, this technology represents a practical approach to probing the inner workings of a living cell, preferably without any dyes, labels or other markers. In one aspect, a particle may be characterized by determining its optophoretic constant or signature. For example, a diseased cell has a different optophoretic constant from a healthy cell, thereby providing information, or the basis for sorting. In the event of physical sorting, various forces may be used for separation, including fluidic forces, such as through the use of laminar flow, or optical forces, or mechanical forces, such as through adhesion. Various techniques for measuring the dielectric constant of particles are provided.

According to one aspect of the invention, an improved process for preparing a surface of substrate is provided wherein the surface of the substrate is prepared for a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, the CMP process is performed on the surface of the substrate, and the surface of the substrate is finished to clear the substrate surface of any active ingredients from the CMP process. Also, an improved substrate produced by the method is provided. According to one aspect of the invention, particular polishing materials and procedures may be used that allow for increased quality of AlN substrate surfaces.

The invention discloses a method for producing alumina and white carbon black by utilizing red mud and flyash, which is characterized by taking the flyash and the red mud as the raw materials, fully utilizing the resources of Al2O3, SiO2 and Na2O in the flyash and the red mud, mixing the flyash and the red mud with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate according to certain proportion and preparing the alumina and the white carbon black through calcining, acid leaching, concentrating, crystallizing, thermal decomposition, water washing, seed precipitation, roasting, etc. The acid in the process is recycled and the waste residues can be used as the raw materials of the cement and ironmaking. The method realizes changing wastes into valuables and changing harm into valuables and reduces the pollution of the red mud and the flyash to the environment. China is short of alumina resources. The development and utilization of the flyash and the red mud lay the foundation for sustainable development of the aluminum industry in China. The method is a new breakthrough in red mud resource utilization, is simple in the process flow of producing the alumina and the white carbon black, utilizes the wastes and is low in production cost.

The invention discloses a drive circuit capable of improving power factors of an alternating current light emitting diode (AC LED) lamp. The drive circuit comprises a rectifier bridge, wherein two input terminals of the rectifier bridge are connected with AC voltage. The drive circuit is characterized in that: the positive output terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected with positive terminals of n serially connected LED lamp strings and detection terminals of n self-controlled constant-current circuits; the negative output terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected with the output terminals of the n self-controlled constant-current circuits; the negative terminal of the nth LED lamp string is connected with the input terminal of the self-controlled constant-current circuit with serial number of n, wherein n is more than or equal to 2 but less than or equal to 10; and in the n serially connected LED lamp strings, the number of LEDs in each lamp string is the same. The drive circuit uses a circuit design method of automatically controlling operating modes of the n constant-current circuits in stages by detecting AC input voltage so as to greatly improve the power factor, reliability and safety of the AC LED; and an AC/DC converter is not needed to be installed in the lamp, and then the failure rate of equipment is reduced. Furthermore, the drive circuit has the advantages of novel structure, simple circuit, high power factor, long service life, good power-saving effect and the like.

The invention relates to a distributed energy comprehensive utilization system for biomass energy and solar energy, which comprises a biomass gasifying device, a methane generating device, a solar thermal collector, a solar photovoltaic generating device and a gas-steam combined cycle generating device, wherein biomass gas is supplied to a gas turbine set for generating power, exhaust gas of the gas turbine is supplied to an exhaust-heat boiler, major steam of the exhaust-heat boiler is supplied to a steam turbine set for generating power, and exhaust gas of the exhaust-heat boiler is used asa main heat source of the methane generating device; the solar thermal collector supplies hot water serving as a heating heat source and a standby heat source of the methane generating device, the hot water of the solar thermal collector is converted into high-temperature heating medium water through an auxiliary heater to drive a refrigerator to refrigerate, a heat source of the auxiliary heateris from part of high-temperature exhaust gases of the gas turbine, and the exhaust of the gas turbine is used as an additional heat source of the methane generating device; methane is used for cooking; and the solar photovoltaic generating device provides electric energy for communal facilities. The distributed energy comprehensive utilization system realizes the cascade utilization of the energymeeting multiple requirements of users directly, and relieves environmental pollution caused by energy consumption of eco-villages.

The invention discloses a method for preparing graphene powder by electrochemistry. The method solves the technical problems that the pollution on environment caused in production process is reduced, and the preparation cost is reduced. The method comprises the steps of applying 0.1-2.5V and 10-25V direct-current voltage between the positive pole and the negative pole of an electrolytic cell; filtering, washing and drying; dispersing in an organic solvent; collecting clear liquid containing graphene; and drying to obtain graphene. Compared with the prior art, the method of the invention uses electrochemistry synthesis, carries out fast synthesis from raw material graphite by processes of layer inserting and inserting-off, avoids addition of harmful chemical reagents in redox process, reduces pollution on environment, reduces cost, is simple and fast in preparation process, and is convenient for industrial production. The prepared graphene powder is graphene with 1-20 layers, is widely applied to the technical fields of lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, solar batteries, electro-catalysis, bio-analysis and biosensors.

The invention discloses a one-component water-based semi-gloss varnish and a preparation method thereof. The one-component water-based semi-gloss varnish comprises the raw material formulas in percentage by mass: 30-60% of water-based acrylic emulsion, 5-30% of water-based aliphatic series polyurethane emulsion, 3-10% of film forming assistant, 0.01-2% of antifoaming agent, 0.01-2% of dispersing agent, 0.1-5% of extinction powder, 0.01-2% of wax assistant, 0.01-2% of hand feeling assistant, 0.01-2% of thickening agent, 0.01-2% of cross-linking agent and 5-40% of water. The one-component water-based semi-gloss varnish of the invention has the advantages of super strong hand feeling, high fullness, high hardness, good chemical resistance, very low bodily injury on production and construction workers, and very low environmental pollution.

The invention discloses self-suspension proppant, a preparation method thereof and a construction method, and belongs to the technical field of fluid ore mining. The construction method includes the steps of 1) using one of gel, linear gel, slippery water and natural water as prepad, pumping the prepad with a high pressure pump and fracturing a target reservoir to form an initial geological crack; 2) continuously adding the natural water, as sand-carrying fluid, into a mixing sand tanker, performing stirring while adding the self-suspension proppant to from suspension liquid with a volume ratio of the natural water to the proppant being 100:(5 to 60); 3) continuously pumping the suspension liquid, after the prepad, into the initially formed geological crack with the high pressure pump, so as to allow the initially formed geological crack to extend continuously to form a geological crack supported by the proppant. According to the construction method, during fracturing, no expensive fracturing fluid which contains organic molecules is required, widely available natural water is directly used instead, and thus the construction is convenient with lower cost and less pollution.

The invention relates to the field of cultivation of crops, and in particular relates to a mushroom cultivation method by taking pecan rush shells as a main culture medium raw material, wherein the mushroom cultivation method disclosed by the invention comprises the steps of manufacturing a culture medium by taking the pecan rush shells as the raw material, inoculating, carrying out fungus sprouting management, and carrying out mushroom rising management and the like. The mixture ratio of culture medium raw materials is rationally controlled; influence of wastes in a pecan industry on the environment is relieved; furthermore, the mushroom cultivation cost is reduced; simultaneously, the mushroom cultivation quality is increased; and green pollution-free mushroom cultivation is realized.

The invention discloses a high performance concrete with steel slag as an admixture and aggregate and a preparation method thereof. The concrete is composed of a cementing material, aggregate, a water reducer and mixing water. The cementing material is prepared by compounding, by mass, 50 to 80% of cement, 10 to 30% of superfine steel slag powder and 10 to 30% of superfine mineral slag, wherein the specific surface areas of the superfine steel slag powder and the superfine mineral slag are respectively controlled to be 400 to 600 m<2>/kg and 400 to 500 m<2>/kg. The aggregate is composed of broken stone, steel slag sand and river sand, wherein the particle size of the steel slag sand is 5 to 10 mm, the steel slag sand is used to partially replace the broken stone, and the addition amount of the steel slag sand is 20 to 50%. The high efficiency water reducer is dissolved in water in advance and then added with the mixing water. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and can prepare concrete with a grade in a range of C20 to C60 and substantially improve the comprehensive utilization rate of the steel slag; and the prepared concrete has good work performance, mechanical properties, etc. and substantially improved endurance.

The inventon discloses a method of Nanomercerization zeolite molecular sieve. Containing steps as follows: magnetic stirring and dispersing the silicasol in strong caustic lye for a period of time, mixing the even dispersed silicon fountain and aluminium fountain to glue in room temperature, taking common mercerization zeolite molecular sieve powder as seed crystal, natrii chloridum or sulfuric acid disodium metal salt as additive, strong magnetic stirring aging for 2-6h in room temperature, low temperature ageing for 3-24h in 100Deg C, and then crystallization in 130-150Deg C, the crystallization time is 22-80h, the pH value of reaction system>12, finally collecting naonodimension mercerization zeolite molecular sieve from reaction product.

The invention provides a blast furnace coal spraying method using flue gas of hot-air furnace, concretely using induced draft fan to draw the flue gas of hot-air furnace through special pipeline and control valve out of the flue, cooling by heat exchanger to enter air compressor, after compression, using coal feeder to blow the pulverized coal inputted by blowing tank to distributor, and thus spraying the pulverized coal into the blast furnace from each tuyere. And it implements waste gas utilization, saving primary energy sources; and helps indirect reduction reaction in furnace, so that secondary energy sources can be utilized; besides, largely avoids waste gas CO2 exhaust, reducing atmospheric pollution; can preheat pulverized coal, increasing combustion speed; and has the same system safety as N2 carrier, especially suitable for large scale blast furnace applications and having extremely remarkable energy saving and environmental protection effects.

The invention relates to a method of preparing calcium sulfate whiskers by using agglomerate fume desulfurized by-products. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, carry out size mixing: adding an oxidizer and an inhibitor to a suspension solution and reacting at 110 to 300 DEG C and 0.2 to 10 MPa; and then filtering, washing, drying and coating. The density of the prepared calcium sulfate whisker is from 2.0 to 2.3 g/cm<3>, the loose density is from 0.1 to 0.6 g/cm<3>, the length is from 10 to 300 mu m, the diameter is from 120 nm to 3 mu m, the melting point is from 1400 to 1500 DEG C, the tensile strength is from 14 to 20 GPa, the tensional modulus is from 150 to 180 GPa, the refractive index is from 1.3 to 1.6, and the water solubility (22 DEG C) is not more than 0.1%. Because the agglomerate fume desulfurized by-products are used as raw materials for preparing the calcium sulfate whiskers, the invention has the advantages that environment pollution caused by the agglomerate fume desulfurized by-products is reduced, and natural gypsum sources can be saved, thus providing a new way for high additional value utilization of the agglomerate fume desulfurized by-products.

The invention relates to a production process of environmental protection PU syntheyic leather, semi-finished subbase: using PU mixed liquids to dip and cover non-woven fabrics to prepare subbase; then being added into solution that has compatibility with the solvent and has no compatibility with PU resin for wet filming, molding and drying; semi-finished leather: dissolving PU resin of dry method, preparing PU mixed liquid for epidermal layer; coating the epidermal layer on release paper by the mixed solution, then drying and cooling, and then a mixed solution of adhesive layer is coated on the epidermal layer to stick the semi-finished subbase, drying and stripping the release paper to obtain semi-finished leather; post treatment: mixing nano modified aliphatics PU resin with cross-linking agent to prepare nano treating agent to roll coating the semi-finished PU composite leather to obtain environmental protection PU composite leather. The wet formula is, PU resin of wet method, DMF, surface active agent, color paste; the dry formula is, PU resin of dry method, DMF, MEK, color powder; and formula of the third stage post treatment is, modified aliphatics PU resin and cross-linking agent.

The invention discloses a method for preparing dissolving pulp through oxide degradation of pulp by adoption of the oxide degradation method so as to solve the problems in the prior dissolving pulp preparation technique of severe pollution, low yield, long period, resource shortage and so on. The method for preparing the dissolving pulp through oxide degradation of the pulp comprises the following processing steps of: alkalizing purification, squeezing preparation of alkali cellulose, oxygenization, and continuous oxide degradation and depolymerization. By adoption of the method, the production speed can be improved; the product quality can be improved; the steam consumption can be saved; and the generation of pollutants can be reduced.

The invention discloses a nano-titanium water-based coating having long-acting resistance to formaldehyde. The nano-titanium water-based coating comprises the following components by weight percentage: 20%-60% of film-forming base material, 0%-30% of pigment, 0%-40% of filler, 5%-20% of bamboo charcoal powder, 2%-10% of nano titanium, 1%-10% of additive and 10%-30% of water. Based on the good absorption performance of the bamboo charcoal powder in the coating, the water-based coating of the invention is capable of absorbing the formaldehyde released from the coating and decomposing the formaldehyde by using the nano-titanium, thus reducing the pollution caused by formaldehyde in a long-acting and effective way and improving the indoor air.

The invention discloses a spice extractum prepared by waste tobacco leaf, a preparation method thereof and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of: taking the waste tobacco leaf as a raw material; sequentially fermenting acinetobacter, bacillus pumilus and bacillus subtilis to reduce nicotine in the waste tobacco leaf; transforming ferulic acid in the tobacco leaf to generate flavor ingredients such as the 4-guaethol, the vanillin and the like; and extracting the flavor ingredients in the waste tobacco leaf after fermenting to prepare the spice extractum. The spice extractum comprises higher-content flavor ingredients which are mainly to be benzyl alcohol, solanone, vanillin, BETA-damascenone, dihydro kiwifruit lactone, megastigmatrienone, duvatriene diol and neophytadiene. The result of the aromaticflvouring smoke panel test shows that the spice extractum has the effects of obviously dispatching the tobacco aroma, fining and smoothing the alcohol and the smoke, reducing the pungency, covering up the impure smell, and improving the absorbed smell of a cigarette.

A method for preparing a non-sintered ceramsite from activated sludge blended with fly ash relates to a preparation method of ceramsite and solves problems of high costs, huge pollution and large density of non-sintered ceramsite prepared by a sintering method. The method comprises steps of: 1. pretreating and mixing fly ash, gelling material and additive to obtain a powder; 2. mixing sludge froma secondary clarifier of a municipal sewage factory with the powder, putting into a balling comminutor to obtain the ceramsite; 3. curing the ceramsite by covering a moistening straw mat to obtain a first curing ceramsite; 4. curing the first curing ceramsite with steam. The invention employs sludge from the secondary clarifier of a municipal sewage factory and combusted fly ash from thermal power plant as raw materials to realize resource utilization and overcome disadvantages of high costs and severe pollution of the sintering method for preparing ceramsite; because of addition of sludge, the ceramsite has advantages of light unit weight high and increased amount of porosity reaching 45-60%, and can load a large biomass when used as a carrier in a processing engineering.

The invention relates to a ceramic material for floor tiles and a method for preparing a ceramic material for floor tiles by use of industrial solid wastes such as phosphogypsum and red mud. The major raw materials of the ceramic material for floor tiles are as follows (by weight): 14 to 28 percent of phosphogypsum, 14 to 28 percent of red mud, 9 to 23 percent of feldspar, 20 to 35 percent of kaolin, and 11 to 28 percent of quartz. The preparation method of the ceramic material for floor tiles comprises the following steps of: preparing ceramic slurry, performing spray-drying, preparing blanks and burning final products. The method provided by the invention can effectively utilize the solid wastes to reduce environmental pollution due to industrial solid wastes, and is significant in clayresource conservation and production cost reduction in the conventional wall brick and floor tile industries in China. Besides, the ceramic products made from the ceramic material have the advantagesof high strength and low sintering temperature.

The invention discloses a culture medium for edible fungi. The culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-40 percent of fungi residues, 20-30 percent of bamboo shoot shell, 10-30 percent of cotton seed hulls, 1.1-1.6 percent of saccharose, 0.8-1.2 percent of lime, 1-2 percent of plaster, 0.1-2 percent of ordinary superphosphate, 1-10 percent of rapeseed cake and 2-10 percent of bran. The invention further discloses a production method of the culture medium. The culture medium for the edible fungi, which is disclosed by the invention, takes the bamboo shoot shell and the fungi residues as main components and has huge advantages in resource development and utilization. According to the culture medium, the sound development of the edible fungi industry can be promoted and the pollution to the environment caused by agricultural wastes is reduced. The production method of the culture medium is simple and convenient and the culture medium is suitable for cultivating the edible fungi such as pleurotus geesteranus, pleurotus cornucopiae and tricholorna lobayense.

The invention discloses a bioremediation method of oil-contaminated soil, and relates to the technical field of oil-contaminated soil remediation. According to the bioremediation method, a microbial remediation and agricultural crop combined remediation technical system is adopted, microbial remediation is firstly adopted, and then agricultural crops are adopted for remediation treatment. The advantages of microbial remediation and phytoremediation are combined, the oil-contaminated soil can be lowered to the low concentration within short time, treatment cost is low, and certain actual application value is achieved.

The invention provides a method which uses hot-finished non-anneal rod to produce 8.8-grade high-strength cold heading steel. The invention still utilizes general ultra-liner rolling device in the process of rolling medium carbon cold heading steel and utilizes general temperature of 950-1050Deg. C in the rough, middle and pre-finished rolling steps. The finished rolling step utilizes heat engine rolling process which is characterized in that the rolled piece is recovered via water cooling and long channel after the pre-finished rolling, and it is fed into finished-rolling machine when the temperature is reduced to the low-temperature area of 730-830Deg. C, and the steel is transformed at dual-phase (ª†+ª‡) region with large transformation valve; the accumulated draft can reach 35-82%; then the rolled piece is quickly water cooled to 800-620Deg. C to be kept temperature for 600-2400 second and natural cooled to room temperature. The invention can reduce the proportion of pearlite via increasing the proportion of ferrite, to spheroidize a part of pearlite and reduce the strength and rigidity and improve the ductility of material, therefore it can realize the purpose of beating bolt without anneal before cold heading.

The invention relates to a forsterite fireproof castable which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 65 to 70 percent of forsterite granular aggregate, 10 to 12 percent of undercalcined magnesia, 8 to 10 percent of forsterite fine powder, 4 to 6 percent of silica micro powder combination agent, 5 to 7 percent of additive and 0.1 to 0.3 percent of water reducing agent. The small-granularity forsterite and forsterite fine powder are used as raw materials of the fireproof castable; the forsterite resources are used fully, so that resource waste is reduced, and environment pollution is reduced; furthermore, the cost of the fireproof castable is reduced, the preparation working procedure is simple, and the fireproof castable is convenient to construct; moreover, the fireproof castable has the advantages of relatively high usability, high slag erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance high-temperature performance, and can be widely applied to smelting industries.

The invention provides a preparation method of a high-gloss and high-speed curing water-based ultraviolet light curing composition applied on a printing surface. The composition includes (1) polyhydric alcohols or polybasic acids containing double bonds in different proportions are polycondensed to form hydroxyl-terminated unsaturated polyesters as soft segments of polyurethane, and self-made hydroxyl-terminated water-based monomers containing double bonds and iso The reaction of phorone diisocyanate to prepare water-based photocurable polyurethane prepolymer; (2) react epoxy resin and acrylic acid to open the epoxy group, and then use acid anhydride to react with the hydroxyl group in the epoxy prepolymer to prepare water-based polyurethane prepolymer. Photocurable epoxy resin prepolymer; (3) Cold blend the two prepolymers, neutralize them with a weak base, add water to disperse them under high-speed stirring, and remove the solvent, thereby preparing a self-emulsifying water-based photopolymer. Cured composite resin. The invention can adjust various properties of the resin (paint) by adjusting the molar ratio of raw materials in the resin, and the prepared dispersion has small particle size (20nm-120nm), excellent performance and easy industrialization.

The invention discloses a calcium-based catalytic desulfurization agent for a cement kiln.The calcium-based catalytic desulfurization agent comprises calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, barium carbonate and a rare element compound, and the desulfurization agent is added into the kiln together with cement raw materials so as to lower the concentration of SO2 generated by flue gas emission of the cement kiln.According to the calcium-based catalytic desulfurization agent, a tiny amount of the calcium-based catalytic desulfurization agent is blended into the raw materials, potential of pulverized coal combustion of the new dry process cement kiln can given fully play, high temperature sulfur fixation of the cement kiln is guaranteed, meanwhile, SO2 emitted into air due to the high sulfur content of the raw materials can be effectively lowered, air pollution is reduced, and in addition, no adverse impact is generated to performance of cement clinker; meanwhile, the calcium-based catalytic desulfurization agent is easy to produce and operate, and great practical significance is achieved for solving the problems of cement industry energy crisis and environmental pollution.

The invention provides a low cost ecological pig raising technique using indigenous microorganisms, which is characterized in that, self-served indigenous microorganisms are used as strains, and sawdust, corn stalk power, rice bran, clean soil, table salt and other organic compounds together with pig waste are fermented. The low cost ecological pig raising technique using indigenous microorganisms has the advantages that, in the digestion process of pig waste and organic beddings, the temperature of pig bed is increased; environment is clean; odor is eliminated; pollution is reduced; labor, water and electricity are saved; an low cost ecological pig raising technique with energy-saving, environmental protection, disease prevention and foodstuff saving is realized; economic benefit is increased by 30%; the use of water is reduced by 90%; more than 10% foodstuff is saved, and 50% labor force is saved.

The invention discloses a synthesis method of noble metal nano particles, which comprises the following steps: dissolving soluble noble metal salt and surfactant polyvinyl pyrrolidone in ethanol at room temperature, wherein the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the polyvinyl pyrrolidone is (1:5)-(1:20); adding a reductive amount of NaBH4, and then adding n-dodecanethiol; and carrying out centrifugal separation, precipitating, and washing to obtain the noble metal nano particles. By using ethanol as the solvent, the invention is safe, environment-friendly, green and non-poisonous, thereby reducing the environmental pollution and the harm to a human body, and being beneficial to environmental protection; the synthesis process is completed at room temperature without any heating step, thereby saving the energy and ensuring that the whole preparation process is very simple and convenient; and no special equipment is required, and the process is high in repeatability, thereby being beneficial to realizing large-scale production.