119294 results about "Automotive engineering" patented technology

The invention provides an electric vehicle battery health state monitoring and service life estimation method and system, and the method comprises the steps: S1, obtaining a real-time data flow of a battery during the operation of a vehicle, extracting the original records of charging and discharging depth, temperature change, internal resistance parameters and capacity data from the real-time data flow, a dynamic monitoring sample is calculated through voltage, current and temperature values collected by a sensor; s3, calculating a capacity attenuation rule through the time sequence feature set, analyzing the decrease amplitude of the capacity after each charge-discharge cycle by adopting an exponential attenuation model, obtaining a long-term operation trend from historical data, and obtaining a dynamic curve of capacity attenuation; and S8, if the confidence interval of the final estimation probability distribution is greater than a preset threshold value, recollecting data with higher frequency for the dynamic monitoring sample, and performing iterative optimization on the life estimation model through the updated sample to obtain an adjusted life detection result.

The invention relates to the technical field of elevator equipment state monitoring and fault diagnosis, and discloses an elevator traction machine running state real-time diagnosis method and system based on high-frequency sampling. According to the method, vibration (larger than or equal to 20 kHz), current (larger than or equal to 10 kHz), sound / sound emission, temperature and rotating speed signals of a traction machine are synchronously collected through a high-frequency multi-mode sensor array; capturing early weak fault transient characteristics; the edge computing unit completes data preprocessing, time synchronization, feature extraction and anomaly detection, and uploads key data to a cloud end through cloud-edge collaboration; the cloud end adopts a working condition self-adaptive strategy and a multi-modal fusion model to carry out deep diagnosis, and outputs fault types, positions and grades; and combining incremental learning and a degradation model to realize health quantification and residual life prediction. Through fusion of high-frequency data capture and an intelligent algorithm, the early fault detection capability, variable working condition adaptability and diagnosis real-time performance of the traction machine are improved, and a solution is provided for predictive maintenance of an elevator.

A floor structure for a body of a vehicle includes two side sills spaced apart from each other in a transverse direction of the vehicle. A main floor element is disposed between the two side sills. An energy store is disposed under the main floor element. A crossmember element is disposed on an upper side of the main floor element and extends in the transverse direction of the vehicle between the two side sills. A hollow cross section of the crossmember element is delimited upwardly in the vertical direction of the vehicle by an upper flange of the crossmember element and is supplemented by the main floor element to form a closed hollow cross section. A reinforcement element is attached to the main floor element via a first attachment region and is attached to the upper flange via a second attachment region and a third attachment region.

The invention provides a new energy automobile battery thermal management method and system based on big data. The method comprises the steps that real-time data flow and a historical temperature change curve in a battery pack are collected in real time through a distributed sensor array; inputting a pre-trained time sequence prediction model, outputting a predicted temperature change curve and calculating a real-time temperature rise slope; obtaining an environment comprehensive compensation amount according to the environment temperature and the battery health state, and subtracting the environment comprehensive compensation amount from the basic safety threshold value to obtain a dynamic safety threshold value; determining a dynamic temperature compensation amount through a preset slope grading mechanism, and subtracting the dynamic temperature compensation amount from the dynamic safety threshold to obtain an advanced intervention temperature point; and when the temperature of the battery pack reaches the advanced intervention temperature point, a graded cooling system is started, and cooling power grades are dynamically switched according to the growth interval where the real-time temperature rise slope is located. The battery temperature is accurately controlled, and the energy consumption is remarkably reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy battery testing, and discloses a new energy battery safety testing system and method, and the system comprises a multi-physical field synchronous collection and analysis module which is used for synchronously collecting electric signals, temperature field distribution and stress-strain data in a battery testing process, and carrying out the multi-field coupling analysis; a self-adaptive test parameter regulation and control module; the thermal runaway risk prediction module is used for analyzing and predicting the risk probability and residual safety time of thermal runaway of the battery based on multi-parameter fusion; the microstructure-macroscopic performance correlation analysis module is used for acquiring microstructure information of the battery through nondestructive testing and establishing a correlation model with macroscopic safety performance, and the new energy battery safety test system realizes collaborative analysis of multiple parameters of electricity, heat and force through the multi-physics field synchronous acquisition and analysis module; the safety state of the battery can be reflected more comprehensively, and the defect that a traditional testing method is single in dimension is overcome.

A system and method generate a trip plan for a trip of a vehicle system along a route. The usage of an engine during the trip is determined based on engine operational parameters, energy storage device operational parameters, and one or more objectives of the trip desired to be achieved. The usage of the energy storage device during the trip is also determined based on the engine operational parameters, the energy storage device operational parameters, and the one or more objective, including when to charge or discharge the energy storage device during the trip.

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile chassis simulation, and discloses an automobile chassis mechanism simulation optimization method based on digital twinning. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring a real-time operation data set of an automobile chassis mechanism, including multi-axis acceleration time sequence information, a suspension displacement monitoring sequence and the like, and synchronously transmitting the real-time operation data set to a cloud digital twin platform; constructing a hierarchical digital twin model comprising a suspension subsystem node, a steering mechanism node and a connecting component spatial constraint relation in the platform according to a chassis topological structure; performing multi-physics field feature extraction on the real-time operation data set to generate a chassis multi-physics field data set; executing multi-scale joint simulation calculation based on the model and the data set, and outputting a chassis dynamic response prediction result including fatigue damage distribution of the key connecting piece and the like; and finally, generating an optimization parameter adjustment instruction set according to the result, combining and feeding back to a physical chassis execution mechanism. According to the method, the real-time performance and precision of chassis simulation optimization are realized, and the chassis performance is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent traffic, and discloses a road vehicle speed and distance detection method, system and device based on unmanned aerial vehicle vision. The method comprises the steps of tracking a vehicle in a to-be-processed video aerially photographed by an unmanned aerial vehicle in real time through an improved YOLOv11 network and a BotSort algorithm to obtain a vehicle trajectory, and converting a vehicle pixel coordinate detected by each frame into a world coordinate in combination with a conversion matrix H of the pixel coordinate and the world coordinate to form a trajectory sequence of the vehicle in the world coordinate system; and for a certain vehicle i, according to the pixel coordinates at the t-th moment and the (t + t)-th moment in several continuous video frames, corresponding world coordinates are obtained through the conversion matrix H, the displacement between two points is calculated according to an Euclidean distance formula, and the average speed of the vehicle in the time period is calculated. According to the invention, efficient, stable and reliable vehicle speed measurement and vehicle distance calculation can be realized.

The invention relates to a big data-based passenger-roll transport demand prediction and ship intelligent scheduling method and system. The method comprises the steps of obtaining multi-source shipping data for a target area; inputting the multi-source shipping data into the spatial-temporal feature mining model, and predicting passenger rolling transportation demand information of the target area; acquiring ship real-time position, passenger carrying capacity, energy consumption data and port real-time operation state in the target area, and dynamically generating an optimal scheduling scheme by adopting a shipping scheduling model in combination with the predicted passenger transport demand information; the shipping scheduling model is obtained by interacting a decision scheduling model with an intelligent agent corresponding to the passenger roller transportation system and performing iterative training by adopting a reinforcement learning algorithm; and converting the optimal scheduling scheme into visual information, pushing the visual information to operation terminals of the ship and port workers so as to start corresponding shipping scheduling operation, and monitoring the execution effect of the shipping scheduling operation in real time.

A vehicle includes a chassis including a first frame rail and a second frame rail, a tractive element coupled to the chassis, a drive motor configured to drive the tractive element to propel the vehicle, and an energy storage system. The energy storage system includes a first battery module and a second battery module. The energy storage system is selectively reconfigurable between (a) a first configuration in which the first battery module and the second battery module each provide electrical energy to the drive motor and (b) a second configuration in which the first battery module is removed from the vehicle and the second battery module provides electrical energy to the drive motor.

The invention discloses a lithium battery thermal runaway control and safety response strategy system, which realizes the real-time monitoring and prediction of the internal temperature and voltage state of a battery through thermal-electric coupling modeling and multi-sensing data fusion, and realizes the real-time monitoring and prediction of the internal temperature and voltage state of the battery based on a model prediction control and threshold enhancement strategy. And triggering graded safety response in the early stage of thermal runaway. The system adopts a multi-stage response mechanism including measures of primary early warning, active cooling intervention, emergency power-off fire extinguishing and the like, a gas suppression path and cooling mode switching function is designed, and heat diffusion and spreading and toxic gas harm are effectively suppressed. Compared with a method depending on complex digital twinning or deep learning, the method is simple in structure, rapid in response and low in data dependence, has good system stability and engineering applicability, and can be widely applied to the field of lithium battery safety management of electric vehicle battery packs, energy storage power stations and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle charging station operation and maintenance management, and particularly discloses a new energy vehicle charging station operation and maintenance management system and method based on the Internet of Things, and the method comprises the steps: collecting high-frequency harmonic characteristic data in a charging process in real time, and generating harmonic-impedance spectrum combined monitoring data; extracting dynamic attenuation gradient data of the line characteristic impedance; when the dynamic attenuation gradient data is lower than a preset critical safety threshold value, triggering a charging mode switching instruction; the charging piles are controlled to be switched into a charging mode, the phase difference parameters of the multiple charging piles are dynamically optimized, and a phase difference dynamic adjustment instruction set is generated; and finally, self-adaptive correction of the impedance compensation amount is carried out through the MEC equipment, and by self-adaptive correction of the impedance compensation amount, the system can maintain that the overall impedance is constantly greater than a critical safety threshold value, and power loss and equipment damage caused by impedance mismatch are avoided. The real-time feedback mechanism is helpful for improving the energy efficiency of the system, reducing the operation cost and ensuring the long-term reliability of the charging infrastructure.

The invention relates to a thermal runaway monitoring method and related equipment for a new energy automobile power battery, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out the internal temperature monitoring of the new energy automobile power battery, and obtaining the three-dimensional thermal field distribution data; thermal characteristics are analyzed, thermal runaway precursor characteristics are identified, the thermal runaway probability is calculated, and a probability distribution diagram is generated; in combination with the heat spreading prediction model, obtaining heat spreading path prediction data; and determining the out-of-control risk level of the battery according to the data, and generating a corresponding early warning signal, thereby solving the technical problems that the existing monitoring method mostly depends on threshold judgment of a single parameter, and complex thermal field change in the power battery of the new energy automobile is difficult to comprehensively capture.

A heat pump system of a vehicle is provided to adjust a temperature of a battery module by using a single chiller where a refrigerant and a coolant exchange heat, waste heat of the electrical component and the battery module are recollected, and a plurality of coolant flowing lines are formed by using a single valve according to a selected mode of the vehicle. The heat pump system includes: a valve; a first cooling apparatus; a second cooling apparatus; a third cooling apparatus; a first connection line; a second connection line; and a third connection line. The valve may be configured to operate such that one line among the first line, the second line, the third line, and the first connection line may be connected to another line or the same line, depending on a selected mode among the at least one mode.

The invention provides a cooling structure of a motor stator, an oil-cooled motor and a vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of automobiles. A guide oil duct and a stepped oil injection duct are arranged on a stator core; the middle of the stator iron core is provided with an oil inlet groove surrounding the stator iron core in the circumferential direction, and a cooling medium enters the flow guide oil channel through the oil inlet groove in the middle of the stator iron core and obliquely injects oil to the stator windings at the two ends of the stator iron core through the stepped oil injection channel. According to the invention, the oil path is directly arranged on the stator core and the stepped oil injection channels are symmetrically arranged, and the cooling medium can be intensively and obliquely sprayed to the surface of the stator winding through the stepped oil injection channels, so that the heat dissipation effect and the heat dissipation efficiency are improved, and the thermal load capacity of the motor and the working efficiency of the motor are further improved; and faults of the motor caused by non-uniform cooling, overhigh local temperature rise and temperature gradient are reduced. The structure is simple, and the overall manufacturing and maintenance cost is reduced; meanwhile, the overall size of the motor is reduced, and overall light weight is facilitated.

A gas turbine engine for an aircraft is disclosed. The gas turbine engine comprises: a combustor, comprising a combustion chamber and a plurality of fuel spray nozzles configured to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, wherein the plurality of fuel spray nozzles comprises a first subset of fuel spray nozzles and a second subset of fuel spray nozzles, wherein the combustor is operable in a condition in which each of the fuel spray nozzles of the first subset of fuel spray nozzles is supplied with fuel at a greater fuel flow rate than each of the fuel spray nozzles of the second subset of fuel spray nozzles, wherein a ratio of the number of fuel spray nozzles in the first subset of fuel spray nozzles to the number of fuel spray nozzles in the second subset of fuel spray nozzles is in the range of 1:2 to 1:5. A thrust nvPM emissions index ratio is defined as:EImaxTO / FmaxTOEIidle / Fidlewhere: EIidle is the system loss corrected nvPM emissions index in mg / kg of the gas turbine engine if operating at around 7% available thrust for given operating conditions; EImaxTO is the system loss corrected nvPM emissions index in mg / kg of the gas turbine engine if operating at around 100% available thrust for the given operating conditions; FmaxTO is the thrust of the gas turbine engine at around 100% available thrust in kN for the given operating conditions; and Fidle is the thrust of the gas turbine engine at around 7% available thrust in kN for the given operating conditions. The thrust nvPM emissions index ratio is greater than 0.001. The gas turbine engine is configured to provide fuel comprising a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to the plurality of fuel spray nozzles. Also disclosed is a method of operating the gas turbine engine.

The invention discloses a vehicle braking force determination method and device. The method comprises the steps that the minimum wheel slip rate corresponding to each axle of a vehicle serves as a target, and a target function is constructed; based on the target constraint condition, the minimum wheel slip rate corresponding to each axle of the target function under the target braking strength and the braking force distribution result corresponding to the minimum wheel slip rate are solved, the target constraint conditions include that the wheel slip rates corresponding to all the axles are different and conform to the preset locking sequence of all the axles, the wheel slip rates of all the axles determine the longitudinal adhesion coefficients corresponding to all the axles, and the longitudinal adhesion coefficients corresponding to all the axles determine the braking force distribution results corresponding to all the axles; and the sum of the braking force distribution results corresponding to the axles is equal to the total adhesive force corresponding to the target braking strength, and the safety and stability of the vehicle can be improved.

The invention discloses a Beidou-based new energy electric vehicle battery remote state monitoring system, and relates to the technical field of battery monitoring, and the system comprises a multi-dimensional data flow construction unit; a digital twin layer generation unit; the causal situation map establishing unit is used for generating a joint embedding vector, embedding the symbol constraint rule set into a preset graph neural network architecture, constructing a neural symbol causal discovery engine, directionally adjusting the joint embedding vector in combination with an anti-fact reasoning mechanism, and establishing a causal situation map; the contribution degree of each type of degradation inducement to the service life of the battery is evaluated; and the service life prediction and report generation unit is used for constructing a prediction generator and a verifier, outputting a consensus residual service life prediction value in combination with the real-time vehicle operation data, and generating a battery state report. According to the invention, the comprehensiveness and the real-time performance of data acquisition are improved, and the intelligent level and the application efficiency of remote monitoring and management of the battery are improved.

A thermal management system includes a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a battery chiller, a valve body assembly, a first water pump, a second water pump, and a third water pump that are disposed in a centralized manner. The thermal management system can separately form a passenger compartment cooling loop, a passenger compartment heating loop, a battery cooling loop, a battery heating loop, and an electrical driver cooling loop, and any one or more of the passenger compartment, the battery, and the electrical driver can be cooled or heated.

Systems and methods for providing lubrication to a gas turbine engine are described. An example gas turbine engine includes a plurality of bearings disposed along an axial length of a rotatable shaft to provide rotational support between a static structure and at least one of a compressor and a turbine of the gas turbine engine. The gas turbine engine further includes a fuel system operable to deliver a mixture of fuel and lubricant sequentially to at least one of the plurality of bearings and the combustor so that during operation of the gas turbine engine, at least the lubricant within the mixture is in a liquid phase prior to being received by the at least one of the plurality of bearings, and in a vapor phase once the lubricant is delivered to the at least one of the plurality of bearings.

A vehicle component balancing robot apparatus, system and method for on vehicle balancing of one or more of a tire, a wheel, bearings, brake components, and vehicle components that impart vibrations to the vehicle. The apparatus includes a frame arranged so as to connect with the vehicle. A robot of the apparatus moves relative to the frame, and is configured so that the move, relative to the frame, resolves a predetermined location of a tire-wheel assembly relative to a reference frame of the robot. The robot has at least one end effector arranged to interface the tire-wheel assembly and the robot moves the at least one end effector to other predetermined locations on a wheel rim of the tire-wheel assembly, determined based on resolution of the predetermined location of the tire-wheel assembly relative to the reference frame.

The invention relates to the technical field of vibration and noise control, discloses a new energy automobile motor high-frequency vibration and noise active suppression system and method, and aims to solve the problems of poor high-frequency vibration and noise suppression effect, real-time performance, adaptive capacity and system cost complexity of an existing new energy automobile motor. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring and preprocessing motor operation state data, extracting high-frequency harmonic characteristics, and generating predicted harmonic characteristics in combination with working condition prediction; and superposing the self-adaptive compensation quantity to a motor voltage instruction, and driving an inverter through pulse width modulation to realize active suppression of high-frequency vibration and noise. The system comprises a data acquisition preprocessing module, a harmonic feature extraction module, a working condition sensing prediction module, a self-adaptive compensation quantity generation module and a pulse width modulation correction module. By the adoption of the technical scheme, efficient, real-time and self-adaptive suppression of high-frequency vibration and noise of the motor can be achieved, the level of the high-frequency vibration and noise is remarkably reduced, the driving comfort is improved, and the complexity and cost of the system are optimized.

The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle power battery thermal management, and discloses a temperature change-based power battery thermal management system, which comprises a thermal simulation pre-judgment end, a sensor network end, a dynamic liquid cooling control end, a BMS decision end and a fault diagnosis module, aiming at the technical defects of out-of-control temperature difference, response hysteresis and leakage risk caused by static flow channel design of the existing liquid cooling system, breakthrough is realized through a three-dimensional technical architecture: a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) prejudgment layer: automatically calibrating sensor distribution points based on temperature field standard deviation, and improving temperature difference identification precision; according to the dynamic valve control layer, an electromagnetic three-way reversing valve is adopted to execute a directional temperature control strategy, an edge battery cell is preferentially introduced under the low-temperature working condition, and heat dissipation is enhanced under the high-temperature working condition; according to the redundant safety layer, the valve body and the pipeline are integrally formed, the leakage rate is reduced, and flow maintenance under single-point failure is achieved through a double-water-inlet parallel pump source. The method has the effects of improving the convergence speed of temperature difference between modules, reducing the attenuation rate of battery life and reducing the risk probability of thermal runaway.

A gas turbine engine for an aircraft is disclosed. The gas turbine engine comprises: a combustor, comprising a combustion chamber and a plurality of fuel spray nozzles configured to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, wherein the plurality of fuel spray nozzles comprises a first subset of fuel spray nozzles and a second subset of fuel spray nozzles, wherein the combustor is operable in a condition in which each of the fuel spray nozzles of the first subset of fuel spray nozzles is supplied with fuel at a greater fuel flow rate than each of the fuel spray nozzles of the second subset of fuel spray nozzles, wherein a ratio of the number of fuel spray nozzles in the first subset of fuel spray nozzles to the number of fuel spray nozzles in the second subset of fuel spray nozzles is in the range of 1:3 to 1:6. A MTO nvPM emissions index ratio is defined as:EImaxTO,SAFEImaxTO,FFwhere: EImaxTO,SAF is the system loss corrected nvPM emissions index in mg / kg of the gas turbine engine when operating at around 100% available thrust for given operating conditions if a fuel provided to the plurality of fuel spray nozzles comprises a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF); and EImaxTO,FF is the system loss corrected nvPM emissions index in mg / kg of the gas turbine engine when operating at around 100% available thrust for the given operating conditions if a fuel provided to the plurality of fuel spray nozzles is a fossil-based hydrocarbon fuel. The MTO nvPM emissions index ratio of the gas turbine engine is less than 1. The gas turbine engine is configured to provide fuel comprising a SAF to the plurality of fuel spray nozzles. Also disclosed are methods of operating the gas turbine engine.

The invention discloses a mining area vehicle mixed marshalling scheduling method and system based on vehicle and road cloud cooperation, and relates to vehicle scheduling. Fixed marshalling scheduling is adopted for manned vehicles, and the number N of mine cars and operation tasks corresponding to each loading device are calculated with the operation shift as the scheduling unit; performing dynamic marshalling scheduling on the unmanned vehicle: taking a single operation task as a scheduling unit, counting a vehicle sequence of each loading point, selecting an optimal loading point as a target loading point according to an idle state of loading equipment and vehicle waiting time, and distributing the target loading point and a corresponding planning path for the unmanned vehicle to be scheduled; taking a round-trip path and an operation time window of the fixed marshalling as constraint conditions; when it is detected that there is a conflict between the planned path of the unmanned vehicle and the fixed path of the manned vehicle, re-planning an alternative path for the unmanned vehicle or adjusting corresponding tasks to be allocated to other loading points; the hybrid marshalling scheduling efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a cable tunnel fire risk feature identification system and identification method, and belongs to the technical field of cable tunnel safety monitoring. The whole stage of a fire is covered through multi-class cooperative detection, the target identification precision and scene adaptability are greatly improved, and the safety of the cable tunnel is improved. According to the whole system, a flame and smoke detection unit and a flame / smoke special detection unit are innovatively added to a detection engine module, an original heat source detection unit and an original human body detection unit are combined, a heat source-flame-smoke-human body four-category collaborative detection framework is formed, high-precision recognition is achieved on the basis of a YOLO model framework, and the detection efficiency is improved. Compared with the problems that a traditional system is high in single target detection omission ratio and cannot cover the whole stage of smoldering-initial open fire-violent combustion of a fire, the system has the advantages that the recognition rate of early flame and weak smoke is increased, the false alarm rate is greatly reduced, meanwhile, a heat source of operation and maintenance personnel is prevented from being misjudged as a fire hazard through human body detection, and the safety of the fire hazard is improved. And cable monitoring and personnel safety protection are both considered.

The invention relates to the field of battery car charger detection, in particular to a charger health state assessment method and system, and the method comprises a data collection step, a predicted electric quantity calculation step, a health state assessment step and a fault feature analysis step. A sliding time window algorithm is used for dynamically calculating electric quantity loss, a self-adaptive dynamic threshold system based on an operation state and an environment working condition is constructed, fault characteristics are analyzed in combination with a nonlinear fusion model and an equipment aging factor, and accurate evaluation of the health state of the charger and rapid fault positioning are achieved. And the evaluation comprehensiveness, accuracy, threshold dynamic nature and fault analysis precision are improved.

A gas turbine engine for an aircraft. The gas turbine engine comprising: a combustor, comprising a combustion chamber and a plurality of fuel spray nozzles configured to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, wherein the plurality of fuel spray nozzles comprises a first subset of fuel spray nozzles and a second subset of fuel spray nozzles, wherein the combustor is operable in a condition in which each of the fuel spray nozzles of the first subset of fuel spray nozzles is supplied with fuel at a greater fuel flow rate than each of the fuel spray nozzles of the second subset of fuel spray nozzles, wherein a ratio of the number of fuel spray nozzles in the first subset of fuel spray nozzles to the number of fuel spray nozzles in the second subset of fuel spray nozzles is in the range of 1:2 to 1:5. An MTO nvPM emissions index ratio-modified fuel flow is defined as:EImaxTO,SAFEImaxTO,FF×Wf,maxTOwhere: EImaxTO,SAF is the system loss corrected nvPM emissions index in mg / kg of the gas turbine engine when operating at around 100% available thrust for given operating conditions if a fuel provided to the plurality of fuel spray nozzles comprises a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF); EImaxTO,FF is the system loss corrected nvPM emissions index in mg / kg of the gas turbine engine when operating at around 100% available thrust for the given operating conditions if a fuel provided to the plurality of fuel spray nozzles is a fossil-based hydrocarbon fuel; and Wf,maxTO is the mass flow rate of fuel provided to the plurality of fuel spray nozzles in kg / s when the gas turbine engine is operating at around 100% available thrust for the given operating conditions. The MTO nvPM emissions index ratio-modified fuel flow of the gas turbine engine in kg / s is less than 2. The gas turbine engine is configured to provide fuel comprising a SAF to the plurality of fuel spray nozzles. Also disclosed is a method of operating the gas turbine engine.

A gas turbine engine includes a combustor with a combustion chamber and fuel spray nozzles to inject fuel into the combustion chamber. The nozzles include a first and second subset. Each of the nozzles of the first subset is supplied with fuel at a greater rate than each of the second subset. A ratio of nozzles in the first subset to nozzles in the second subset from 1:3 to 1:6. A fuel-flow nvPM emissions index ratio isEIidle×Wf,idleRImaxTO×Wf,maxTO.EIidle and EImaxTO are the system loss corrected nvPM emissions index in mg / kg operating at around 7% and 100% available thrust for the given operating conditions, respectively. Wf,idle and Wf,maxTO are the rate of fuel flow to the fuel spray nozzles in kg / s at around 7% and 100% available thrust for the given operating conditions, respectively. The fuel-flow nvPM emissions index ratio of the gas turbine engine is less than 0.3.

Disclosed herein is an active air flap for vehicles, which includes a flap part configured to open and close an outside air inlet of a grill located at a front of a vehicle through a plurality of paths, a drive unit configured to provide a driving force to the flap part, and a link unit configured to transmit the driving force of the drive unit to the flap part, wherein the link unit includes a loader shaft configured to rotate in conjunction with an actuator shaft of the drive unit, a link bar having one end connected to both ends of the loader shaft in a longitudinal direction, and the other end located at both ends of the flap part, and a link panel configured to connect the other end of the link bar and both ends of the flap part.