2424 results about "Thermal runaway" patented technology

The instant invention is directed to a separator for a high energy rechargeable lithium battery and the corresponding battery. The separator includes a ceramic composite layer and a polymeric microporous layer. The ceramic layers includes a mixture of inorganic particles and a matrix material. The ceramic layer is adapted, at least, to block dendrite growth and to prevent electronic shorting. The polymeric layer is adapted, at least, to block ionic flow between the anode and the cathode in the event of thermal runaway.

An active thermal runaway mitigation system is provided that mitigates the effects of a single cell undergoing thermal runaway, thereby preventing the propagation of the thermal runaway event to neighboring cells within the battery pack. The provided system includes at least one, fluid-containing conduit in proximity to the cells within the battery pack. The conduit includes a plurality of breach points in proximity to the subset of cells, where each breach point is configured to form a breach at a preset temperature that is lower than the melting temperature of the conduit. Once a breach is formed, the fluid contained within the conduit is discharged through the breach.

A method of mitigating propagation of a thermal event in an energy storage system having a plurality of cells is disclosed. The method includes the steps of identifying the heat sources within the energy storage system and plurality of cells. The method then controls a temperature of the energy storage system and plurality of cells and also detects predetermined conditions within the energy storage system. The method then performs a predetermined action based on when one of the predetermined conditions is detected. A plurality of sensors and switches along with associated hardware or software will be used to control the temperature of the energy storage system upon detection of predetermined conditions involving overheating, over current, over voltage of the like.

Thermal runaway in battery packs is suppressed by inserting packages of hydrated hydrogel at physical interfaces between groups of one or more cells. The hydrogel acts to diffuse and absorb thermal energy released by the cells in the event of a cell failure. During extreme overheating of a battery cell, the water stored by the hydrogel will undergo phase change, that is, begin to vaporize, thus absorbing large amounts of thermal energy and preventing thermal runaway.

Disclosed are electrochemical cells including a composite separator capable of changing the performance of the cell by a) changing the internal electric field of the cell, b) activating lost active material, c) providing an auxiliary current collector for an electrode and / or d) limiting or preventing hot spots and / or thermal runaway upon formation of an electronic short in the system. An exemplary composite separator includes at least one electronically conducting layer and at least one electronically insulating layer. Another exemplary composite separator includes an electronically conducting layer and a solid ionic conductor. Also disclosed are methods for detecting and managing the onset of a short in an electrochemical cell and for charging an electrochemical cell.

A battery pack is provided that includes one or more thermal barrier elements, the thermal barrier elements dividing the cells within the battery pack into groups of cells. The thermal barrier elements that separate the cells into groups prevent a thermal runaway event initiated in one group of cells from propagating to the cells within a neighboring group of cells.

The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle safe operation, in particular to an electric vehicle battery monitoring and management system. The electric vehicle battery monitoring and management system comprises a vehicle control system body and at least one battery box. Each battery box is internally provided with multiple sets of batteries. The electric vehicle battery monitoring and management system is characterized in that each battery box is internally further provided with a battery detection unit and an action executing device; each battery detection unit comprises a data acquisition module, a CPU core processing module, a communication transmission module and an executing device control module; and each data acquisition module comprises an acquisition device for acquiring the battery module temperature, the battery voltage and current and battery module environment parameters. The invention further discloses a monitoring method of the batteries. The monitoring method of the batteries comprises the steps that the temperature, the voltage and the current of the module as well as the temperature, smoke, gas, flame and other parameters in the battery boxes are monitored; and an early warning or fire fighting signal is sent out when the performance of the batteries is suddenly changed or thermal runaway occurs. According to the electric vehicle battery monitoring and management system and the monitoring method of the batteries, the development stage of thermal runaway can be accurately judged by comprehensively analyzing and processing the various parameters inside and outside battery modules, so that the thermal runaway detection accuracy is improved.

The invention provides a lithium ion battery diaphragm and a high temperature thermal-stable lithium ion battery, which relate to lithium ion batteries. The diaphragm comprises a polyolefin microporous membrane which acts as a basic layer, wherein a nano ceramic material coating is manufactured on one side surface or two side surfaces of the polyolefin microporous membrane; and compositions of the nano ceramic material coating comprise any one of a zirconium oxide, an aluminum oxide, a silicon oxide, a titanium oxide, a silicon nitride, a boron nitride and an aluminum nitride or a combination of any oxide and any nitride, and additionally comprise binders. Since a high temperature resistant nano ceramic material is led into the surface of a conventional diaphragm, an insulating property better than the insulating property of the conventional diaphragm is provided, further internal insulating property damage brought by thermal contraction of the conventional diaphragm, which leads to thermal runaway of the lithium battery, is avoided particularly at high temperatures of 130 DEG C, 150 DEG C and 180 DEG C, and thereby the high temperature thermal stability of the lithium ion battery is improved and the safe reliability of the lithium ion battery is increased.

A battery pack thermal management system is provided that is comprised of at least one enclosure failure port integrated into at least one wall of a battery pack enclosure, where the enclosure failure port(s) remains closed during normal operation of the battery pack, and opens during a battery pack thermal runaway event, thereby providing a flow path for hot gas generated during the thermal runaway event to be exhausted out of the battery pack enclosure in a controlled fashion.

The invention designs a lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system and an early warning method. The early warning system comprises various sensors, a battery management system, a warningdevice and an automatic emergency fire extinguishing device. The sensors comprise an ultrasonic sensor, a temperature sensor, a voltage sensor and a smoke sensor. The ultrasonic sensor can reflect abattery internal gas state characteristic, so prejudgment and diagnosis are carried out on battery thermal safety in a thermal runaway risk emerging early phase timely and early warning is rapid and efficient. The battery management system carries out data analysis based on various sensor combined detection, compares a plurality of parameters with set thresholds, sends out different levels of early warning signals and takes different control policies. A safety accident risk resulting from thermal runaway is reduced, and personnel injury is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile battery safety monitoring, and particularly relates to a battery thermal runaway detection system. The battery thermal runaway detection system comprises an intelligent instrument, a background monitoring center and a thermal runaway detector arranged in a battery box. The battery thermal runaway detection system is characterized in that the thermal runaway detector comprises a data acquisition device and a master control device. The data acquisition device is used for acquiring the current thermal runaway parameters of all the detection nodes in the battery box and transmitting the current thermal runaway parameters to the master control device. The master control device comprises a CPU core processing module, a communication transmission module and a performing device control module. The invention also relates to a battery thermal runaway detection method comprising the steps that whether a flame value is greater than or equal to the preset flame threshold is judged; data filtering is performed on temperature, gas and smoke parameters so that characteristic values are extracted; and the parameters are comprehensively processed so that starting a fire-extinguishing device or giving a warning signal is determined. The beneficial effects are that the detection system is enabled to accurately grasp the fire extinguishing time so that the hidden trouble can be timely disposed.

A cell connection strap for electrically connecting a pair of adjacent battery cells within a battery pack includes, in one example, a fusible link for preventing a thermal runaway condition from occurring in a cell connected thereto. The strap may include raised features thereon for permitting relative movement between the cells in the pack due to vibration or an impact of the pack from translating stress to welds connecting the straps to the cells. In another example, the body of the cell strap may include slits formed in sides thereof to reduce rigidity of the strap for protecting the welds between strap and cell, and also provides a fusible link capability in the strap for preventing a thermal runaway condition from occurring in a cell connected thereto.

The invention provides a battery pack and a battery-equipped device in which, even if a battery experiences an abnormal event to cause thermal runaway, and generates heat, temperature increase in the battery pack and batteries except for the battery which experienced the abnormal event can be prevented. For this purpose, a heat absorbing member 4 is arranged in space inside a battery pack 1 between a casing 2 and batteries 3. Even if one of the batteries 3 experiences thermal runaway, the heat absorbing member 4 absorbs heat generated by the battery 3, thereby preventing the thermal runaway from occurring in the other batteries 3.

This invention provides a battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, that includes an encapsulated fire-retardant material. In some embodiments, stable polymer spheres are used to encapsulate an effective fire-retardant material. Under normal operating conditions, the fire-retardant material does not contact the electrolyte, cathode, or anode, thus minimizing performance reduction that occurs when fire-retardant materials are in the direct presence of the electrolyte. Under thermal runaway or excessive temperatures, the fire retardant material vaporizes through the melted encapsulating phase, thereby releasing fire-retardant material to minimize or prevent flammability in the battery.

A battery pack apparatus is disclosed that reduces the possibility of thermal runaway by improving the transfer of heat from the battery body and apparatus to the coolant by increasing the surface area of contact between the two. Principles of shape charge are used to drive debris, splinters and other particles towards the ground in an automobile in the event of an explosion, thereby reducing the possibility of harm to the driver, occupants and automobile. Fire retardant cartridges are suitably embedded to deter fire and incidental harm to person and automobile.

Electrical energy storage device for powering portable devices such as vehicles or consumer electronics includes barriers to minimize migration of thermal energy and propagation of combustion in the rare event that electrical energy storage cells fail, burst and ignite. A burst structure is provided to vent gas from the device in a desired direction in the event pressure within the device exceeds a maximum value. Biased vents permit gases emanating from a portable electrical energy storage cell within an electrical energy storage module to escape and isolate other electrical energy storage cells from the gases.

A method of programming electrical fuses reliably is disclosed. If a programming current exceeds a critical current, disruptive mechanisms such as rupture, thermal runaway, decomposition, or melt, can be a dominant programming mechanism such that programming is not be very reliable. Advantageously, by controlled programming where programming current is maintained below the critical current, electromigration can be the sole programming mechanism and, as a result, programming can be deterministic and very reliable. In this method, fuses can be programmed in multiple shots with progressive resistance changes to determine a lower bound that all fuses can be programmed satisfactorily and an upper bound that at least one fuse can be determined failed. If programming within the lower and upper bounds, defects due to programming can be almost zero and, therefore, defects are essentially determined by pre-program defects.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art and provides a device and method to increase the robustness of electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices by reducing the temperature gradient caused by ESD pulses and reducing the likelihood of thermal runaway caused by large ESD pulses. The preferred embodiment forms implants under the trench isolation structures in the ESD devices. The implants reduce the current-caused heating that can lead to thermal runaway, and thus improve the robustness of the ESD protection device. In the preferred embodiment, the implants are formed using hybrid resist. The hybrid resist provides a method to form that implants that does not require additional masking steps or other excessive processing. Additionally, the hybrid resist provides implants that are self aligned with the well regions.

A thermal management system is provided that minimizes the effects of thermal runaway within a battery pack, the system using an integrated battery venting assembly comprised of an integrated exhaust port, a valve retention plate that covers the exhaust port and includes a plurality of retention plate ports, and a plurality of valves that are configured to seal the retention plate ports under normal conditions and unseal the retention plate ports during thermal runaway. As hot gas passes through the retention plate ports, the plate is configured to melt and be ejected, thereby allowing subsequent hot gas to pass through the larger exhaust port. A perforated cover plate may be used to protect the external surfaces of the retention plate and valves. An internally mounted exhaust guide may be used to direct the flow of hot gas expelled during the thermal runaway event.

A battery pack is provided that includes one or more thermal barrier elements, the thermal barrier elements dividing the cells within the battery pack into groups of cells. The thermal barrier elements that separate the cells into groups prevent a thermal runaway event initiated in one group of cells from propagating to the cells within a neighboring group of cells.

The invention provides a lithium battery thermal runaway early warning and automatic control method, which is characterized by, to begin with, establishing a mathematic model for judging lithium battery thermal runaway development process by utilizing environmental data; then, collecting environmental data of a lithium battery in real time by utilizing a plurality of sensors, and carrying out on-line analysis on change of the collected multiple environmental data with reference to the established mathematic model to judge lithium battery thermal runaway occurrence risk or thermal runaway; and once thermal runaway causes fire, a fire control device is automatically and immediately started to control expansion of the thermal runaway, thereby reducing thermal runaway risk to the lowest degree, and preventing serious safety accidents of an electric automobile to the maximum degree.

The invention discloses a composite plate for heat dissipation and thermal runaway propagation prevention of a battery system. The composite plate comprises a heat conduction shell, a phase changing material and an isolation plate; in at least two single batteries, the composite plate is tightly arranged in a gap between the batteries, and the composite plate and the single batteries are alternatively arranged; the heat conduction shell can be used for transferring heat generated by the single batteries to the phase changing material and an environment so as to improve the cooling capability of a battery pack; the filled phase changing material can absorb a large amount of heat, the batteries are effectively enabled to work in a normal temperature range, and the temperature uniformity of the battery pack is greatly improved; and the isolation plate can be used for effectively preventing heat from directly passing through the composite plate, the heat generated the thermal runway single batteries can be effectively isolated, so that thermal runway of the batteries is limited in the single battery, and chain thermal runway of the batter pack is prevented. By the composite plate, the conflict between thermal runway blocking in the battery system and system cooling is solved, thermal runway blocking and system cooling can synergistically act, and thus, the safety of the battery pack is improved.

The invention provides a lithium battery, including: a cathode plate and an anode plate; a separator disposed between the cathode plate and the anode plate to define a reservoir region; and an electrolyte filled in the reservoir region. A thermal protective film is provided to cover a material of the cathode plate or the anode plate. When a battery temperature rises over an onset temperature of the thermal protective film, it undergoes a crosslinking reaction to inhibit thermal runaway. A method for fabricating the lithium ion battery is also provided.

The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery pack. The battery pack comprises a box body, wherein the bottom of the box body is of a cavity structure; and a plurality of single batteries, which are stacked on the bottom of the box body, an explosion-proof valve being arranged on the end surface, facing the bottom of the box body, of each single battery, wherein a weak area is arranged on the structural layer, facing the explosion-proof valve, of the bottom of the box body, and when any single battery is in thermal runaway, gas in the single battery canbe collected into the cavity structure through the weak area and exhausted. High-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by thermal runaway of the battery pack is jetted in the direction deviatingfrom the vehicle cabin, and gas in the box body can be rapidly exhausted to the external environment, so that the battery pack has the characteristic of high safety.

The invention relates to a cooling fire extinguishing device specific to stored lithium ion battery thermal runaway. The cooling fire extinguishing device is composed of a control part, a water supply device and a liquid nitrogen supply device. The control part is composed of infrared temperature detectors (1), a temperature judgment program (10), a control valve (11), water control valves (2), liquid nitrogen control valves (9) and an electrical circuit connected with the infrared temperature detectors (1), the temperature judgment program (10), the control valve (11), the water control valves (2) and the liquid nitrogen control valves (9). The water supply device is composed of a water storage tank (5), a high-pressure pump (4), a water supply pipe network (12) and fine water mist spray nozzles (3). The liquid nitrogen supply device is composed of a liquid nitrogen tank (6), a low-temperature pump (7), a liquid nitrogen supply pipe network (13) and liquid nitrogen spray nozzles (8). The cooling fire extinguishing device is mainly suitable for storage places of lithium ion battery packs and can provide safety insurance for application, storage and transportation of lithium ion batteries. The fire extinguishing device can conduct targeted cooling in the initial stage of lithium ion battery pack thermal runaway, and meanwhile, timely fire extinguishment can be conducted after the battery pack is integrally on fire.

The invention relates to a temperature drop and extinguishment liquid cooling device, a monitoring system and a monitoring method for thermal runaway of a power battery. The liquid cooling device comprises a plurality of liquid cooling units, wherein each liquid cooling unit comprises a liquid cooling unit body and a coolant in the liquid cooling unit body; the liquid cooling unit bodies are prepared from high-temperature fusible materials, and tightly bound with the surfaces of corresponding single batteries by respective matched structures; when thermal runaway temperatures of the single batteries exceed fusion points of the high-temperature fusible materials, the liquid cooling unit bodies are fused and then the coolants in the liquid cooling unit bodies enter a battery pack to perform temperature drop cooling or extinguishment on the single batteries. The temperature drop and extinguishment liquid cooling device for the thermal runaway of the power battery is simple in structure, and lower in cost, can effectively monitor and treat the thermal runaway of the power battery of an electromobile, eliminates a potential safety hazard in first time, and ensures the safety and the reliability of an electromobile system.

A battery is disclosed for reducing the severity of thermal runaway. The battery includes an anode sheet, a cathode sheet, and a separator situated between the anode sheet and the cathode sheet. The anode sheet, cathode sheet, and separator may be put together in a jelly roll configuration. The battery also includes internal fuses that subdivide the anode sheet, cathode sheet, or both, into electrically separate areas. The fuses are activated during thermal runaway and isolate separate areas of the sheet, thus reducing the total energy available during thermal runaway and reducing the severity. The fuses may be positive temperature coefficient (PTC) fuses that conduct current at normal operating temperatures but stop conducting current at temperatures above normal operating temperatures. The fuses may be placed in the current collectors, or directly into the anode sheet and cathode sheet themselves. In certain embodiments, the fuses may stop conducting when they reach a predefined threshold temperature or when an excessively large current passes through the fuses.

A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising an anode (12) capable of reversible occlusion and release of lithium ions, and a cathode (13) also capable of reversible occlusion and release of lithium ions, the anode (12) containing as an active substance a complex oxide containing lithium. An anode active substance in a fully charged state has a maximum heating peak of at least 270° C. at differential scanning calorie measuring. The secondary battery can restricts thermal runaway even in an abnormal status and is high in safety. A production method for an active substance suitably used for the anode of the non-aqueous electrolyte is provided.

A method and apparatus is provided for determining when a battery, or one or more batteries within a battery pack, undergoes an undesired thermal event such as thermal runaway. The system uses an insulated conductive member mounted in close proximity to, or in contact with, an external surface of the battery or batteries to be monitored. A voltage measuring system is coupled to the conductive core of the insulated conductive member, the voltage measuring system outputting a first signal when the temperature corresponding to the battery or batteries is within a prescribed temperature range and a second signal when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature that falls outside of the prescribed temperature range.

Electrolyte materials for use in electrochemical cells, electrochemical cells comprising the same, and methods of making such materials and cells, are generally described. In some embodiments, the materials, processes, and uses described herein relate to electrochemical cells comprising sulfur and lithium such as, for example, lithium sulfur batteries. The electrolyte can comprise a polymeric material and, in some cases, an absorbed auxiliary material. For example, the electrolyte material can be capable of forming a gel, and the auxiliary material can comprise an electrolyte solvent. In some instances, the electrolyte material can comprise at least one organic (co)polymer selected from polyethersulfones. The non-fluid material in the electrolyte, when configured for use, can, alone or in combination with the optional absorbed auxiliary material, have a yield strength greater than that of lithium metal, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the electrochemical cell (e.g., the electrolyte) can be configured such that the electrochemical cell can be cycled at relatively high temperatures without experiencing thermal runaway.