1178 results about "Thermal runaway" patented technology

Thermal runaway in battery packs is suppressed by inserting packages of hydrated hydrogel at physical interfaces between groups of one or more cells. The hydrogel acts to diffuse and absorb thermal energy released by the cells in the event of a cell failure. During extreme overheating of a battery cell, the water stored by the hydrogel will undergo phase change, that is, begin to vaporize, thus absorbing large amounts of thermal energy and preventing thermal runaway.

Disclosed are electrochemical cells including a composite separator capable of changing the performance of the cell by a) changing the internal electric field of the cell, b) activating lost active material, c) providing an auxiliary current collector for an electrode and/or d) limiting or preventing hot spots and/or thermal runaway upon formation of an electronic short in the system. An exemplary composite separator includes at least one electronically conducting layer and at least one electronically insulating layer. Another exemplary composite separator includes an electronically conducting layer and a solid ionic conductor. Also disclosed are methods for detecting and managing the onset of a short in an electrochemical cell and for charging an electrochemical cell.

A battery pack is provided that includes one or more thermal barrier elements, the thermal barrier elements dividing the cells within the battery pack into groups of cells. The thermal barrier elements that separate the cells into groups prevent a thermal runaway event initiated in one group of cells from propagating to the cells within a neighboring group of cells.

The invention provides a lithium ion battery diaphragm and a high temperature thermal-stable lithium ion battery, which relate to lithium ion batteries. The diaphragm comprises a polyolefin microporous membrane which acts as a basic layer, wherein a nano ceramic material coating is manufactured on one side surface or two side surfaces of the polyolefin microporous membrane; and compositions of the nano ceramic material coating comprise any one of a zirconium oxide, an aluminum oxide, a silicon oxide, a titanium oxide, a silicon nitride, a boron nitride and an aluminum nitride or a combination of any oxide and any nitride, and additionally comprise binders. Since a high temperature resistant nano ceramic material is led into the surface of a conventional diaphragm, an insulating property better than the insulating property of the conventional diaphragm is provided, further internal insulating property damage brought by thermal contraction of the conventional diaphragm, which leads to thermal runaway of the lithium battery, is avoided particularly at high temperatures of 130 DEG C, 150 DEG C and 180 DEG C, and thereby the high temperature thermal stability of the lithium ion battery is improved and the safe reliability of the lithium ion battery is increased.

A cell connection strap for electrically connecting a pair of adjacent battery cells within a battery pack includes, in one example, a fusible link for preventing a thermal runaway condition from occurring in a cell connected thereto. The strap may include raised features thereon for permitting relative movement between the cells in the pack due to vibration or an impact of the pack from translating stress to welds connecting the straps to the cells. In another example, the body of the cell strap may include slits formed in sides thereof to reduce rigidity of the strap for protecting the welds between strap and cell, and also provides a fusible link capability in the strap for preventing a thermal runaway condition from occurring in a cell connected thereto.

The invention provides a battery pack and a battery-equipped device in which, even if a battery experiences an abnormal event to cause thermal runaway, and generates heat, temperature increase in the battery pack and batteries except for the battery which experienced the abnormal event can be prevented. For this purpose, a heat absorbing member 4 is arranged in space inside a battery pack 1 between a casing 2 and batteries 3. Even if one of the batteries 3 experiences thermal runaway, the heat absorbing member 4 absorbs heat generated by the battery 3, thereby preventing the thermal runaway from occurring in the other batteries 3.

A battery pack apparatus is disclosed that reduces the possibility of thermal runaway by improving the transfer of heat from the battery body and apparatus to the coolant by increasing the surface area of contact between the two. Principles of shape charge are used to drive debris, splinters and other particles towards the ground in an automobile in the event of an explosion, thereby reducing the possibility of harm to the driver, occupants and automobile. Fire retardant cartridges are suitably embedded to deter fire and incidental harm to person and automobile.

Electrical energy storage device for powering portable devices such as vehicles or consumer electronics includes barriers to minimize migration of thermal energy and propagation of combustion in the rare event that electrical energy storage cells fail, burst and ignite. A burst structure is provided to vent gas from the device in a desired direction in the event pressure within the device exceeds a maximum value. Biased vents permit gases emanating from a portable electrical energy storage cell within an electrical energy storage module to escape and isolate other electrical energy storage cells from the gases.

A method of programming electrical fuses reliably is disclosed. If a programming current exceeds a critical current, disruptive mechanisms such as rupture, thermal runaway, decomposition, or melt, can be a dominant programming mechanism such that programming is not be very reliable. Advantageously, by controlled programming where programming current is maintained below the critical current, electromigration can be the sole programming mechanism and, as a result, programming can be deterministic and very reliable. In this method, fuses can be programmed in multiple shots with progressive resistance changes to determine a lower bound that all fuses can be programmed satisfactorily and an upper bound that at least one fuse can be determined failed. If programming within the lower and upper bounds, defects due to programming can be almost zero and, therefore, defects are essentially determined by pre-program defects.

A thermal management system is provided that minimizes the effects of thermal runaway within a battery pack, the system using an integrated battery venting assembly comprised of an integrated exhaust port, a valve retention plate that covers the exhaust port and includes a plurality of retention plate ports, and a plurality of valves that are configured to seal the retention plate ports under normal conditions and unseal the retention plate ports during thermal runaway. As hot gas passes through the retention plate ports, the plate is configured to melt and be ejected, thereby allowing subsequent hot gas to pass through the larger exhaust port. A perforated cover plate may be used to protect the external surfaces of the retention plate and valves. An internally mounted exhaust guide may be used to direct the flow of hot gas expelled during the thermal runaway event.

The invention discloses a composite plate for heat dissipation and thermal runaway propagation prevention of a battery system. The composite plate comprises a heat conduction shell, a phase changing material and an isolation plate; in at least two single batteries, the composite plate is tightly arranged in a gap between the batteries, and the composite plate and the single batteries are alternatively arranged; the heat conduction shell can be used for transferring heat generated by the single batteries to the phase changing material and an environment so as to improve the cooling capability of a battery pack; the filled phase changing material can absorb a large amount of heat, the batteries are effectively enabled to work in a normal temperature range, and the temperature uniformity of the battery pack is greatly improved; and the isolation plate can be used for effectively preventing heat from directly passing through the composite plate, the heat generated the thermal runway single batteries can be effectively isolated, so that thermal runway of the batteries is limited in the single battery, and chain thermal runway of the batter pack is prevented. By the composite plate, the conflict between thermal runway blocking in the battery system and system cooling is solved, thermal runway blocking and system cooling can synergistically act, and thus, the safety of the battery pack is improved.

The invention relates to a temperature drop and extinguishment liquid cooling device, a monitoring system and a monitoring method for thermal runaway of a power battery. The liquid cooling device comprises a plurality of liquid cooling units, wherein each liquid cooling unit comprises a liquid cooling unit body and a coolant in the liquid cooling unit body; the liquid cooling unit bodies are prepared from high-temperature fusible materials, and tightly bound with the surfaces of corresponding single batteries by respective matched structures; when thermal runaway temperatures of the single batteries exceed fusion points of the high-temperature fusible materials, the liquid cooling unit bodies are fused and then the coolants in the liquid cooling unit bodies enter a battery pack to perform temperature drop cooling or extinguishment on the single batteries. The temperature drop and extinguishment liquid cooling device for the thermal runaway of the power battery is simple in structure, and lower in cost, can effectively monitor and treat the thermal runaway of the power battery of an electromobile, eliminates a potential safety hazard in first time, and ensures the safety and the reliability of an electromobile system.

A battery is disclosed for reducing the severity of thermal runaway. The battery includes an anode sheet, a cathode sheet, and a separator situated between the anode sheet and the cathode sheet. The anode sheet, cathode sheet, and separator may be put together in a jelly roll configuration. The battery also includes internal fuses that subdivide the anode sheet, cathode sheet, or both, into electrically separate areas. The fuses are activated during thermal runaway and isolate separate areas of the sheet, thus reducing the total energy available during thermal runaway and reducing the severity. The fuses may be positive temperature coefficient (PTC) fuses that conduct current at normal operating temperatures but stop conducting current at temperatures above normal operating temperatures. The fuses may be placed in the current collectors, or directly into the anode sheet and cathode sheet themselves. In certain embodiments, the fuses may stop conducting when they reach a predefined threshold temperature or when an excessively large current passes through the fuses.

A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising an anode (12) capable of reversible occlusion and release of lithium ions, and a cathode (13) also capable of reversible occlusion and release of lithium ions, the anode (12) containing as an active substance a complex oxide containing lithium. An anode active substance in a fully charged state has a maximum heating peak of at least 270° C. at differential scanning calorie measuring. The secondary battery can restricts thermal runaway even in an abnormal status and is high in safety. A production method for an active substance suitably used for the anode of the non-aqueous electrolyte is provided.

The invention discloses a lithium battery current collector having a protective function. The lithium battery current collector comprises metal foil, the metal foil has a first surface and a second surfaces opposite to the first surface and is used as base foil of the lithium battery current collector, the lithium battery current collector also comprises a first conductive composite layer having a resistance positive temperature coefficient, the first conductive composite layer is tightly bonded to the first surface of the metal foil, the lithium battery current collector also comprises a second conductive composite layer having a resistance positive temperature coefficient, and the second conductive composite layer is tightly bonded to the second surface of the metal foil. The lithium battery current collector having a protective function can effectively prevent the lithium battery thermal runaway and improve the safety of lithium batteries.

A secondary battery includes: a battery unit in which a cathode plate, a separator, and an anode plate are sequentially disposed upon one another and wound together; a can provided as a housing for the battery unit, and into which an electrolyte is injected; a cap assembly bound to an upper portion of the can; and a thermal protector installed in the can for electrically connecting an electrode lead drawn from the battery unit to an electrode terminal via the cap assembly, and for cutting off current flow when the battery unit is overcharged. When the inner temperature of the battery rises due to overcharging, the thermal protector installed in the can accurately detects the increase in temperature, and cuts off current flow, thereby preventing thermal runaway and improving reliability of the secondary battery.

Disclosed is a separator. The separator includes a planar non-woven fabric substrate having a plurality of pores, and a porous coating layer formed on at least one surface of the non-woven fabric substrate. The porous coating layer is composed of a mixture of filler particles and a binder polymer. The filler particles include conductive positive temperature coefficient (PTC) particles composed of a mixture of conductive particles and a low melting point resin having a melting point lower than that of the non-woven fabric substrate. Due to the presence of the conductive PTC particles, the porous coating layer can be imparted with a shutdown function against thermal runaway. In addition, the porous coating layer exhibits appropriate electrical conductivity. Therefore, the separator is suitable for use in a high-capacity electrochemical device.

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery packs, and particularly relates to a battery pack with a fire extinguishing function. The battery pack comprises a battery unit, a cooling liquid tank filled with cooling liquid, a cooling loop communicated to the cooling liquid tank, a driving device for enabling the cooling liquid to flow, and a fire extinguishing pipeline communicated withthe cooling loop, the fire extinguishing pipeline comprises a spray pipe which spans over the battery unit and is easy to fuse; a control switch is arranged at the joint of the fire extinguishing pipeline and the cooling loop; and the control switch controls the cooling liquid tank to be alternatively communicated with the cooling loop and the fire extinguishing pipeline. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the spray pipe which is easy to fuse is additionally arranged on the original cooling loop of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can be accurately positioned to a thermal runaway battery unit for fixed-point fire extinguishing, the structure is compact, the fire extinguishing effect is better, and battery loss caused by false alarm of a thermal runaway alarm canbe avoided.

A battery module for receiving battery cells provides cooling through a cooling fluid. Chilled fluid travels first to the hottest part of the battery module and then continues to gradually less hot areas. As the chilled cooling fluid absorbs heat and travels to cooler parts of the battery module, the heat transfer between the fluid and the battery cells decreases because the temperature differential between the cells and cooling fluid decreases, providing a more even temperature distribution across the battery module. The cooling fluid may be contained in a conduit associated with one or more cooling plates. A plurality of slots provide a precise mechanical support for each battery cell, increasing the heat conduction from the cell to the battery module, protecting the battery module from vibration and decreasing contamination in case of thermal runaway or other damage to the cells.

A system for testing thermal performance of a vehicle power battery belongs to the field of electric vehicle batteries. The system includes a high-temperature explosion-proof box; a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a heating and cooling device, a battery module and a circulating fan are arranged in the high temperature explosion-proof box; the circulating fan is connected with a circulating motor; the high temperature explosion-proof box is provided with an exhaust hole; the exhaust hole, a ball valve, a sampling port, a cut-off valve and a gas chromatograph are connected in sequence; the ball valve is connected to a gas collecting bag through an air exhaust pipe; the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are connected to the computer through a data collector; a charge-discharge machine is connected to the battery module through a socket; the high temperature explosion-proof box is provided with an observation window; and the observation window is connected to a camera through an endoscope. The system can perform thermal property test of the battery, battery discharge analysis and thermal runaway test of the battery. The system has the advantages of simple structure and low cost, can carry out test on multiple functions of the lithium ion battery, so as to realize design optimization on the structure of the battery pack; and the system has broad market prospects.

A spacer assembly for use with a cell mounting bracket in a battery pack is provided. The spacer assembly, comprised of one or more spacers, maintains the positions of the batteries within the battery pack during a thermal event and after the cell mounting bracket loses structural integrity due to the increased temperature associated with the thermal event. By keeping the battery undergoing thermal runaway in its predetermined location within the battery pack, the minimum spacing between cells is maintained, thereby helping to minimize the thermal effects on adjacent cells while ensuring that the cooling system, if employed, is not compromised. As a result, the risk of thermal runaway propagation is reduced.

A polymer that combines high ionic conductivity with the structural properties required for Li electrode stability is useful as a solid phase electrolyte for high energy density, high cycle life batteries that do not suffer from failures due to side reactions and dendrite growth on the Li electrodes, and other potential applications. The polymer electrolyte includes a linear block copolymer having a conductive linear polymer block with a molecular weight of at least 5000 Daltons, a structural linear polymer block with an elastic modulus in excess of 1×10⁷ Pa and an ionic conductivity of at least 1×10⁻⁵ Scm⁻¹. The electrolyte is made under dry conditions to achieve the noted characteristics. In another aspect, the electrolyte exhibits a conductivity drop when the temperature of electrolyte increases over a threshold temperature, thereby providing a shutoff mechanism for preventing thermal runaway in lithium battery cells.

The invention provides a capsule and a lithium ion battery. The capsule is accommodated in the lithium ion battery and comprises a capsule wall and a capsule core. The melting point of the capsule wall ranges from 100 DEG C to 160 DEG C and is not dissolved in electrolyte of the lithium ion battery. The gasification temperature of is not lower than the melting point of the capsule wall and not higher than 400 DEG C. Gas generated by capsule core gasification is flame retardant. The flame-retardant gas is mixed with electrolyte steam and/or combustible flue gas/combustible smoke steam generated during thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery and sprayed out from the outer package of the lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery comprises the capsule. When the lithium ion battery operates normally, the capsule does not affect electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery. During thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery, the capsule wall cracks to release the capsule core, the capsule core is gasified to form the flame-retardant gas, the flame retardant function of the capsule is achieved, flame retardance is achieved, and safety performance of the lithium ion battery is improved.

The invention discloses a power lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system. The system comprises a microprocessor and an alarming apparatus, and the system is characterized in that the system further comprises an electric signal monitoring unit, a smog monitoring unit, a temperature monitoring unit, a controller and a human-computer interaction end. One ends of the electric signal monitoring unit, the smog monitoring unit, the temperature monitoring unit are connected to the lithium ion battery respectively, the other ends are connected to the microprocessor, one connecting end of the controller is connected to the microprocessor, and the other end of the controller is connected to the alarming apparatus. The invention further discloses a power lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning method applicable to the system. The power lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system can conduct monitoring on the charge-discharge voltage, electric current, battery temperature and smog in a battery package of the lithium battery, can perform early warning in time according to a monitoring result and notify a user to manage in time, and is applicable to other fields of energy storage equipment, low-speed scooters, passenger cars, business cars and aviation and the like.

The invention discloses a composite membrane for lithium ion batteries and a preparation method thereof, including a ceramic coating modification method and a ceramic lithium battery membrane. The ceramic protective layer is mainly prepared from a ceramic-adhesive mixture subjected to graft modification by a sodium-sulfonate/sodium-carboxylate-group-containing anionic surfactant. The grafting is completed by using a grafting-to process under the action of a dehydrating agent; the grafting ratio of the ceramic is higher; the high-temperature-resistant large-surface-area nano ceramic is introduced to the conventional PP (polypropylene) membrane surface, the insulativity and electrolyte wettability of the modified ceramic membrane are greatly enhanced; and the membrane has excellent high-temperature heat stability especially at the high temperature of 130 DEG C, 150 DEG C and 180 DEG C. The lithium battery composite membrane avoids the thermal shrinkage of the convention membrane, thereby avoids the thermorunaway in the battery due to thermal shrinkage, and further enhancing the safe reliability of the lithium ion battery.

The invention relates to a method and a device for restraining and preventing thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery. According to the method, a liquid inert gas is utilized to perform spraying refrigeration and fire fighting on a faulted lithium ion battery. The method comprises the following steps: A, selecting spraying time; B, determining the spraying quantity of a sprayed gas; C, determining a spraying mode, wherein the spraying mode refers to continuous spraying or interrupted spraying. The device comprises a control cabinet, a storage tank, a main control valve, a secondary control valve, a nozzle, a detector and a safety valve, wherein the control cabinet is a manual button control cabinet or an automatic control cabinet provided with a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller); the detector comprises a temperature sensor used for monitoring the temperature of one or more battery monomers. The method and the device have the advantages that dual effects of refrigeration and fire fighting are achieved, a security mode is complete in functions, stable, safe, reliable and efficient, a vaporization product of the liquid inert gas is nontoxic, environmentally friendly and clean as well as free from secondary damages on battery equipment.

The invention provides a lithium ion battery overcharge thermal-runaway modeling method and belongs to the field of batteries. The lithium ion battery overcharge thermal-runaway modeling method comprises the steps that a heat-insulating overcharge thermal-runaway experiment is firstly conducted on a first lithium ion battery, and the temperature, voltage and internal resistance of the first lithium ion battery at different moments are recorded; then, a second lithium ion battery same as the first lithium ion battery is disassembled, and relation curves including positive and negative voltages of the second lithium ion battery and the stoichiometric number of lithium ions are respectively obtained; stage division is conducted on the overcharge thermal-runaway process of the first lithium ion battery, internal chemical reactions of the batteries corresponding to different stages are determined, and finally a mathematical model of the first lithium ion battery in the heat-insulating overcharge thermal-runaway experiment process is established. The lithium ion battery overcharge thermal-runaway modeling method simultaneously simulates the change rules of the voltage and temperature in the overcharge thermal-runaway process, accurately simulates overcharge thermal-runaway behaviors of the lithium ion batteries and guarantees the battery system safety.

The invention discloses a battery thermal runaway trigger and released gas collecting device comprising a battery blast protective container body. A container cover on one end of the battery blast protective container body is equipped with an observation window and the other end of the battery blast protective container body is connected with a gas pressure control and acquisition system. The top of the battery blast protective container body is equipped with an anti-explosion pressure release apparatus. A battery thermal runaway trigger assembly, a battery surface temperature sensor, and an ambient temperature sensor are disposed in the battery blast protective container body. The battery surface temperature sensor is disposed on the battery thermal runaway trigger assembly. An air pressure sensor is disposed on the top of the battery blast protective container body. The battery thermal runaway trigger assembly comprises a fixing device and a tested battery sample on the fixing device. The battery thermal runaway trigger and released gas collecting device has a beneficial effect of satisfying a thermal runaway triggering and gas collecting function of batteries in different sizes.

The invention provides a testing method of the thermal runaway characteristic of a battery. The testing method of the thermal runaway characteristic of the battery comprises the steps of selecting a simulant, placing the simulant inside a calorimeter, calibrating the calorimeter, obtaining calibrating data, taking out the simulant after calibrating is carried out, placing a battery sample to be tested into the calorimeter, and testing the thermal runaway characteristic of the battery sample to be tested by the utilization of the calibrating data.

The invention relates to a method for monitoring thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery of an electric vehicle. A voltage changing rate parameter when thermal runaway occurs in the lithium ion battery is monitored, and a battery voltage can be reduced abruptly, is maintained at a low voltage for 40-60 seconds and then is gradually raised to an initial voltage when the thermal runway occurs in the lithium ion battery; the fact that thermal runaway occurs in the battery can be judged by taking the battery voltage changing rate parameter as a monitoring object and is a first judgment method; abattery temperature rising rate changing parameter is monitored, the fact that thermal runaway occurs in the battery also can be judged when the battery temperature rising rate is larger than or equalto 10 DEG C per minute and is a second judgment method; and a battery management system (BMS) is used for monitoring, analyzing and judging the battery voltage changing parameter and the battery temperature rising rate parameter, the two methods are used as an independent condition or a logic combination condition and used as a technological basis for judgment on thermal runaway of the battery, and an early-warning signal can be given out in advance when thermal runaway occurs. By the method, the battery thermal runaway judgment time is greatly increased, and enough handling time is providedfor a person to escape and timely take a measure to prevent battery thermal runaway from being generated, propagating and being expanded.