The invention relates to a phase change energy storage plant fiber composite heat insulation board and a preparation method of the composite heat insulation board; the phase change energy storage plant fiber composite heat insulation board is prepared from the raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of phase-change material and 50-70 parts of plant fiber, wherein the phase-change material is one selected from mirabilite, calcium chloride hexahydrate, n-caprylic acid and butyl stearate; crop straw, straw or Chinese alpine rush is adopted as the plant fiber, so that the local materials can be used, the waste straw resource is utilized, and the waste is changed into valuable; the energy storage characteristic of the phase-change material is combined, so that energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized; and the produced composite heat insulation board has the advantages of being fireproof, flame retardant, light in mass, high in compression strength, good in energy-saving effect, non-toxic, harmless and environment-friendly, and has the functions of heat insulation and sound insulation.