The invention relates to a water quality control method for indoor high-density temporary shrimp seed culture. The method includes the steps of ponding preparations of temporary culture device arrangement, culture water disinfection, probiotics adhesion and inoculation and water environment regulation, and temporary culture process water quality control of early-period water quality control in temporary culture and later-period water quality control in temporary culture. Diaphragms and an aerating pipe are arranged in a temporary culture pond of the temporary culture device. The method has the advantages that since the diaphragms are hung in the temporary culture water, shrimp seed perching and adhesion area is increased, and temporary culture density is increased; bait particles fed in the early period are evenly distributed in the water and mostly adsorbed on the surfaces of the diaphragms by the aid of the rough surfaces of the diaphragms and water flow drive caused by even aeration, and accordingly specification irregularity caused by ingestion difference is reduced; biological membranes can be formed on the surfaces of the diaphragms to absorb and degrade suspended organic chips, residual feeds, faeces, water soluble nitrogenous pollutants in the water, good culture environment is maintained, wastewater emission in the culture process is reduced, and environmental pollution is reduced. Besides, the method can be applied to shrimp culture.