4081 results about "Suspended solids" patented technology

An inclined plate coupled membrane bioreactor for treating feed water having excessive level of nutrients in particular chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen and suspended solids has an aerobic bioreactor for nitrification and aerobic biodegradation in which membranes are submerged for permeate extraction, and an anoxic bioreactor for denitrification within which the inclined plates are outfitted to confine as much anoxic sludge as possible. An air oxygenating and an air scouring are continuously provided to the aerobic bioreactor to maintain a desired aerobic environment and to mitigate membrane fouling while an intermittent air blowing is provided to the anoxic bioreactor to blow out gaseous content generated through denitrification and to rectify the uniformed flow along the inclined plates. The aerobic sludge is recycled to the lower compartment of anoxic bioreactor and the supernatant of anoxic bioreactor is collected as weir effluent and delivered to the downstream aerobic bioreactor. Permeate is intermittently extracted from the membranes by a suction pump. There is no excess sludge withdrawn from the inclined plate coupled membrane bioreactor throughout the experiment.

An anaerobic digester system has a vertically upright vessel, a matrix arranged in the vessel supporting a microorganism biomass thereon, an input for supplying an input slurry of liquid and suspended solids at an upper portion of the vessel above the matrix, a gas output at the top of the vessel for withdrawing gas generated by anaerobic digestion of solids, and an effluent output at the bottom of the vessel for withdrawing liquid and remaining solids. The vessel has a preferred liquid height to diameter ratio of 2 to 1, and is constructed of inert fiberglass-reinforced plastic coated with a translucent blue gel pigment layer for filtering light at wavelengths that promote biomass cultivation. The matrix is formed as an array of panels mounted to a spindle with wheels fixed at spaced intervals along its vertical height, and the panel are made of a polyethylene grass matting providing a high surface area to volume ratio of at least 20 to 1. Gas from the top of the vessel is recycled to the bottom to generate bubbles for mixing the feedstock. The related method of anaerobic digestion includes comminuting input wastes with a slurry grinder into a pumpable slurry 8-10 % by weight solids, and providing as the biomass hydrolytic bacteria, and fermentative bacteria including acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria to produce a methane gas product. Other products include an organic soil additive, bacterial solids plant food, and a filtrate used as plant tonic.

A molten material pump includes an impeller housed within a base member of the pump. A plurality of grooves are defined in a peripheral sidewall of the impeller for either drawing a molten material into the base member's chamber or pushing molten material out of the base member's chamber. The impeller is rotated by a rotatable shaft connected to an upper surface of the impeller. The rotatable shaft includes a non-circular shaped lower end dimensioned to be received within a cooperating opening in the impeller. The molten material pump further includes a connecting assembly for interconnecting components of the molten material pump. The connecting assembly includes a first mounting member attached to a first pump component that is dimensioned to be fitted within a cooperating recess of a second mounting member attached to a second pump component. In another embodiment of the invention, a stub shaft connects an upper shaft portion of the shaft to the impeller. The stub shaft includes a universal joint that is not rigidly connected to the upper shaft portion. In addition, the universal shaft is configured to allow the stub shaft and impeller to pivot. A floating deflector block weighs on an upper sealing block of the pump for enhancing the seal at the pump's bearing surfaces.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical suspension having improved pH and viscosity and particle size stability and stable uniform distribution of active ingredient. The suspensions contain a therapeutically effective amount of suspended solid particles comprising pharmaceutical active ingredient, a thickening component, and an amino polycarboxylic acid compound and in certain embodiments, a nucleation inhibitor as a means to maintain a stable uniform suspension product. The invention further relates to their method of manufacture and use.

This is a method of filtration of a liquid comprising steps of sequential filtration of said liquid through at least one deep bed medium producing at least one first filtrate followed by at least one membrane medium filtration producing at least one second filtrate, wherein said membrane medium is at least periodically within said deep bed media Many types of deep bed and membrane media can be used. The domain of using contact clarification (direct filtration) can be expanded towards greater solids concentration. Operation and backwash, is simplified, continuous filtration becomes possible. Water can be water from natural source water, process water, wastewater, aqueous or non-aqueous suspensions, emulsions, solutions. Treatment can include mechanical interception of suspended particles, chemical, physical chemical, electrochemical, and biological processes. In water and wastewater processing, control over suspended solids, BOD, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, bacteria and viruses, heavy metals, color, and other constituents can be dramatically improved as compared to conventional processes. The method can be accommodated in new and modified existing treatment systems.

An apparatus and method for treating and reusing the wastewater discharged from agricultural animal farms. The apparatus and method of the present invention is designed to be a zero discharge system in which no wastewater will be discharged or spray irrigated. The wastewater effluent is first passed through a mechanical screen were bulk solids are separated and partially de-watered. The screened effluent is then directed to a primary plastic-lined earthen lagoon where it undergoes aerobic digestion utilizing specially selected bacteria. After treatment in the primary lagoon, the wastewater effluent is used to wash the floors of the hog houses or undergoes a purification phase including solids separation / denitrification, filtration and sterilization. The solids separation / denitrification phase (clarification) preferably takes place in an anoxic environment in preferably above-ground tanks where suspended solids removal will occur as well as denitrification for nitrate reduction. The clarification process may be facilitated through use of polymer addition. The majority of solids will be sent to a plurality of drying beds for de-watering and subsequent removal.

Disclosed is an improved water treatment cavitation reactor cone. The tank operates on a continuous flow of fluids which are subjected to ultrasonic waves in combination with a high level of injected ozone. The treatment tank includes a tangential inlet that induces a rotating flow into the tank thereby increasing the mixing of the ozone within the effluent. The effluent is further treated with DC current. The treatment tank provides a cost efficient and environmentally friendly process and apparatus for cleaning and recycling fluids as contaminated as frac water, used to stimulate gas production from shale formations, as well as other types of fluids having various levels of contaminants such as aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and suspended solids. The calcium carbonate scaling tendency is reduced to an acceptable level without the use of acids, ion exchange materials, or anti scaling chemicals which is of economical and environmental significance and benefit.

The disclosure describes a novel approach for treating water, such as oilfield production waste. The disclosure describes novel methods for chemically treating contaminated water, such as chemical processes for softening water, demulsifying hydrocarbons, destroying a sequestering effect on divalent cations, destroying any detectable amount or over 99% of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and breaking long chain polymers. The disclosure further describes novel methods for clarifying contaminated water to remove suspended solids.

An apparatus and method for mixing a gas and a liquid while concomitantly mixing and suspending solids and sludge at the bottom of a deep tank. The present invention includes a gas-liquid aerator which is adapted to be submerged below the surface of wastewater in a deep tank. An expanding high velocity gas-liquid mixture is caused to exit from the bottom of the submerged aerator device with enough force to mix and suspend settling solids and sludge at the bottom of the deep tank.

The treatment apparatus is pressurized and operates on a continuous flow of fluids which are subjected to hydrodynamic waves, acoustic ultrasonic waves in combination with injected ozone and electro chemical treatment. The treatment system provides a cost efficient and environmentally friendly process and apparatus for cleaning and recycling fluids as contaminated as frac water, used to stimulate gas production from shale formations, as well as other types of fluids having various levels of contaminants such as aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and suspended solids. The calcium carbonate scaling tendency is reduced to an acceptable level without the use of acids, ion exchange materials, or anti scaling chemicals which is of economical and environmental significance and benefit. The treatment apparatus is modular in construction and compact in overall configuration. The treatment apparatus and associated equipment and electrical power generator is sized and configured to be mounted within a truck trailer body.

A method for removing dissolved solids, particularly salts, from water. An apparatus for performing the inventive method is disclosed. The aqueous solution to be treated, for example sea water, is atomized using special non-pneumatic nozzles, and sprayed into an evaporation chamber through which air, heated by waste heat, is blown. The micro-droplets undergo rapid evaporation in the chamber, resulting in the separation of the salt solids from the vapor phase of the water. The mixture of suspended solids and water vapor is filtered to remove and collect the salts, and the water vapor is condensed to collect the salt-free water.

A method for preparing biomass for slurry processing. The method includes solubilizing the solid material into either a dissolved state or a suspended solid in a liquid phase, and treating the liquid phase to produce chemicals and fuels.

Methods and apparatus for treating wastewater are described, one method embodiment including the steps of flowing a mixed liquor suspended solids to a high rate clarification stage, forming a clarifier effluent, a first waste activated sludge stream, and a return waste activated sludge stream. The high rate clarifier effluent stream then flows to a membrane stage that includes a membrane media, producing a membrane reject (retentate) stream and a treated effluent (permeate) stream. Optionally, the methods include routing a screened raw wastewater to an anaerobic and / or aerated anoxic stage and introducing a gas comprising oxygen to the wastewater during the aerated anoxic stage, and optionally allowing the product of this stage to flow to an aeration stage prior to the high rate clarification stage.

A membrane filtration module having a plurality of permeable, hollow membranes is disclosed. In use, a pressure differential is applied across the walls of the permeable, hollow membranes when immersed in a liquid suspension containing suspended solids. Some of the liquid suspension passes through the walls of the membranes to be drawn off as clarified liquid or permeate, and at least some of the solids are retained on or in the permeable, hollow membranes or otherwise as suspended solids within the liquid suspension. The module has a shell or similar structure that at least partially surrounds the membrane module and substantially effects retaining at least portion of fluid flowed into the membrane module.

A rotating annular crossflow filter shears radially outward flowing axial feed between counter-rotating coaxial centrifugal impellers. A radial impedance of flow at the impeller periphery slows the radially outward flow and increases residence time of feed between the impellers. Shear lift ejects solids from the boundary layer at the filter surface, and ejected solids collect by centrifugation at the impeller periphery, where they thicken into a sludge and are extruded. Gases, oils, floating solids, and fractions having a specific gravity less than water evolve into radial vortices and are sucked radially inward and out from between the impellers by an axial pump. Three way phase separation proceeds continuously in one pass through a simple mechanical device having a long residence time for feed in the processing zone.Opposing rugose portions of counter-rotating impeller surfaces cause audio frequency pressure pulses. At the impeller periphery, the pressure pulses milk liquid out of sludge. At the portion of the radial passage prior to the filter, pressure pulses evolve gases and degassed cavitation bubbles inactivate microbes. Degassing of the high energy forced periodic cavitation bubbles between the impellers removes the cushion of noncondensibles which would otherwise absorb energy on compression, therefore implosion becomes extremely violent and a barrage of high pressure pulses and ultraviolet light pulses inactivates microbes.Applications include field water purification, municipal and industrial wastewater degassing and sludge thickening, swimming pool filtration, effluent dewatering, wine and beverage degassing and clarification, fruit crushing, olive oil dewatering, produced brine and drilling mud processing, manure slurry dewatering and degassing, and recovery of solvents and fine suspended solids from fluid mixtures such as wastewater from machining operations.

A laminated coating protects a metal substrate in a highly corrosive and highly erosive environment. A coating of a noble metal, such as gold, is bonded to the metal substrate, such as by electroplating or by flame spray. The noble-metal coating protects the metal substrate from the corrosive effects of a process fluid. A ceramic material, such as chromium oxide or titanium dioxide, is bonded to the noble-metal coating. Ceramic materials resist abrasion very well, which protects the underlying noble-metal coating from the erosive / abrasive effects of the process solution, which may contain suspended solids that are highly abrasive. However, the ceramic material is somewhat porous, which allows some seepage of the process fluid. The metal substrate is protected from the corrosive effects of the process fluid by the noble-metal coating.

A membrane filtration module having a plurality of permeable, hollow membranes is disclosed. In use, a pressure differential is applied across the walls of the permeable, hollow membranes when immersed in a liquid suspension containing suspended solids. Some of the liquid suspension passes through the walls of the membranes to be drawn off as clarified liquid or permeate, and at least some of the solids are retained on or in the permeable, hollow membranes or otherwise as suspended solids within the liquid suspension. The module has a shell or similar structure that at least partially surrounds the membrane module and substantially effects retaining at least portion of fluid flowed into the membrane module.

A system for treating feedwater includes a fluidized bed heat exchanger unit connected to receive feedwater and a flash concentrator column connected to receive feedwater discharged from the fluidized bed heat exchanger unit. A spray dryer is provided to receive a solids / liquid slurry discharged from the flash concentrator column. Feedwater can be treated by converting dissolved solids in the feedwater to suspended solids, vaporizing a portion of the feedwater to produce a solids / liquid slurry, and separating solids from the solids / liquid slurry.

A method of concentrating the solids of a liquid suspension by providing pressure differential across the walls of permable hollow membranes (6) immersed in the liquid suspension (9). The liquid suspension (9) is applied to the outer surface of the porous hollow membranes (6) to induce and sustain filtration through the membrane walls (12) wherein some of the liquid suspension passes through the walls (12) of the membranes (6) to be drawn off as clarified liquid or permeate from the hollow membranes lumens (11), and at least some of the solids are retained on or in the hollow membranes (6) or otherwise as suspended solids within the liquid (9) surrounding the membranes (6). The method includes periodically backwashing the membrane pores using the permeate by applying a gas pressure below the bubble point to the membrane lumens (11) to progressively displace at least some of the liquid permeate within the lumens (11) through the membrane pores resulting in removal the solids retained on or in the hollow membranes into the bulk liquid (9) surrounding the membranes (6).

The present invention discloses one kind of reinforcing purifying pre-reservoir system for treating the plain river network area. The reinforcing purifying pre-reservoir system includes four parts: surficial runoff colleting and regulating subsystem; depositing plant grating subsystem; reinforcing purifying ecological permeable dam subsystem; and pre-reservoir area. The said four parts are connected successively to form one complete reinforcing purifying pre-reservoir system for treating the plain river network area. The system can eliminate N and P containing nutritive salts, suspended solid and one pollutant from surficial runoff and other pollution sources to reduce pollution load. The present invention can reach the target of eliminating TN in 60 %, TP in 70 % and SS in 80 %, and the technology may be used in plain river network area.

An apparatus for separating water from oil-based drilling fluid includes an separation tank, a chemical treatment apparatus having one or more de-oiling polymer preparation tanks, and a dissolved air flotation unit. Slop mud is directed into the separation tank where surfactant is added to separate the drilling fluid from oily water. The drilling fluid is drained for further processing. The oily water is removed by an outlet arrangement from the separation tank and directed to an initial treatment line. One or more de-oiling polymers are added to the oily water in the initial treatment line and mixed therewith. The mixture may then be directed to the dissolved air flotation unit where dissolved air is released into the bottom of the mixture. The dissolved air adheres to suspended solids in the mixture and lifts them to the top surface as a froth. The froth is skimmed from the top surface of the mixture and collected. The de-frothed water is reused or directed to a filtration system where it is prepared for discharge. A clarifying tank may be included after the de-oiling polymers are added to further separate the oil and water. The oil is removed from the top surface by a weir while the water is directed to the filtration system and discharged.

A process for removing heavy metals and the organic substance difficult to degradate from sewage includes proportioning Fe and Cu, adding cationic surfactant modified zeolite, stirring, loading the mixture in filter pool, regulating pH value to 4.5-11, reaction, and regulating pH value to 8-9 to generate Fe(OH)3 as flocculant, which can coagulate the suspended solid and colloid and absorb and soluble pollutants for depositing them. Its advanrtages are high power, effect and high speed.

The present invention provides an electrocoagulation device for drinking water and wastewater treatment by electro-coagulation and electro-catalytic precipitation principles. The invented device comprises a number of electrolysis cells formed by round-shaped electrode plates through which the raw water and waste water passes. A low DC voltage of 5 to 15 volts is applied to the cells. In addition, an electrode surface activator unit is provided to eliminate or minimize the passivation of the electrode plates. All types of impurities, including suspended solids, sub-micron particles, dissolved matters, dissolved minerals (including heavy metals and colloidal compounds), oil, grease, organic compounds and algae are converted to flocculants, water and carbon dioxide by the device. Micro-organisms and bacteria (pathogens) will be effectively killed at up to 99.99%. The invented device is capable of continuous operation.

Provided is a wastewater treatment apparatus including a bottom portion and a plate formed above and spaced apart from the bottom portion to form a lower chamber with the bottom portion, an outlet installed on the bottom portion for drawing off water and sludge in the lower chamber before backwashing, a filter medium layer supported to the upper portion of the plate by the plate, the upper layer of which forms a bottom portion of an upper chamber, a wastewater introducing means connected to the lower chamber, for introducing wastewater to be treated into the lower chamber, a process air introducing means for supplying process air to the filter medium layer formed over the plate, a plurality of aerators formed over and spaced apart a predetermined distance from the plate, and mounted in a plurality of air flow pipes led to the process air introducing means, a backwash air introducing means for supplying backwash air to the lower chamber during backwashing, a backwash water introducing means for supplying backwash water to the lower chamber during backwashing, a plurality of nozzles extending from the lower chamber to the filter medium layer through the plate, a treated water discharging means for discharging the treated water having passed through the filter medium layer, and a returned water introducing means for returning the treated water having passed through the filter medium layer to the lower chamber. A batch style wastewater treatment apparatus utilizing biological filtering process efficiently removes the organic matter, suspended solid matter, nitrogen and phosphorus.

Methods and apparatus for demulsifying oil in water by dilution and impact, and for separation of the oil and suspended solids by dissolved gas floatation, are described. A produced water treating system is also described. The produced water treating system may include a dissolved gas floatation clarifier system, an oil demulsification system, and a separation system. A demulsification subsystem is also described. The apparatus may include a liquid-liquid fluid mixer and a gas generator.

A method of filtering solids from a liquid suspension comprising providing a pressure differential across the walls of permeable, hollow membranes (5) immersed in the liquid suspension contained in a vessel (8), the liquid suspension being applied to the outer surface of the porous hollow membrane (5) to induce and sustain filtration through the membrane walls. Some of the liquid suspension passes through the walls of the membranes (5) to be drawn off as permeate from the hollow membrane lumens, and at least some of the solids are retained on or in the hollow membranes or otherwise as suspended solids within the liquid surrounding the membranes (5). The method includes the steps of suspending the flow of the liquid suspension to the vessel (8); reducing the volume of liquid suspension within the vessel (8); suspending the filtration process; cleaning the membranes (5) by dislodging at least some of the solids retained on or in the membranes (5); and removing the liquid containing dislodged solids from the vessel (8).

A wastewater treatment process having improved solids separation characteristics and reduced biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the purified wastewater comprising the steps of: passing wastewater through a main aerobic biological oxidation zone and therein oxidizing a portion of the BOD a portion of the ammonia nitrogen content (NH3-N); passing the effluent from said aerobic biological oxidation zone to an aerobic / mixing zone and therein mixing said effluent with effluent from the anoxic / anaerobic zone; passing the effluent from said aerobic / mixing zone to a settling zone and therein separating purified wastewater having reduced BOD and suspended solids, and sludge containing suspended solids; passing a portion of the sludge formed in the settling zone and volatile acids to an anoxic / anaerobic zone and therein increasing the extracellular polymer content of said sludge, the release of phosphorus into solution and the reduction of nitrate nitrogen to molecular nitrogen gas; and recycling an effective amount of the effluent from said anoxic / anaerobic zone to said aerobic / mixing zone. In an alternative embodiment, a volatile acid is added to a zone to which no additional oxygen has been added that is in the flow path from the main aerobic biological oxidation zone or, alternatively, it may be added to the anoxic / anaerobic zone and the thus-treated effluent is passed to the aerobic / mixing zone wherein phosphate is removed from the effluent.

Methods and apparatus for demulsifying oil in water by dilution and impact, and for separation of the oil and suspended solids by dissolved gas floatation, are described. A produced water treating system is also described. The produced water treating system may include a dissolved gas floatation clarifier system, an oil demulsification system, and a separation system. A demulsification subsystem is also described. The apparatus may include a liquid-liquid fluid mixer and a gas generator.