The invention provides an acid in-situ leaching uranium mining laboratory simulation device. The acid in-situ leaching uranium mining laboratory simulation device comprises a leaching agent storage tank, a leaching column, a leaching liquid storage tank, an ion exchange column, a leaching agent preparation tank, a pump, a valve A, a valve B, a valve C, a valve D, a valve E, a valve F, a valve G and connecting pipes, wherein the leaching agent storage tank is used for storing a leaching agent; the leaching column is used for containing an ore sample and providing a site for a contact reaction between the leaching agent and ore; the leaching liquid storage tank is used for containing leaching liquid; the ion exchange column is used for containing an adsorption material of uranium; the leaching agent preparation tank is used for containing the leaching liquid generated after the uranium is adsorbed by resin; the pump is used for conveying the prepared leaching agent into the leaching agent storage tank; and the connecting pipes are used for connecting all the components. The invention further provides a test method adopting the acid in-situ leaching uranium mining laboratory simulation device. Test results of the device and the test method can provide reliable basis for in-situ test engineering leaching agent preparation and the leaching technique, the risk that according to an in-situ test leaching system, an ore bed is blocked due to accumulation and sedimentation of impurity ions is reduced, and the prevention level is improved.