156 results about "Metal anode" patented technology

The invention discloses an artificial interface layer, a preparation method thereof and an all-solid-state sodium battery, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage. The artificial interface layer is composed of Na3Sb and NaF, and the molar ratio of the Na3Sb to the NaF is 1: 3. The artificial interface layer composed of Na3Sb and NaF is constructed on the surface of the sodium metal negative electrode, so that collaborative optimization of interface chemical stability, ionic conductivity and mechanical strength is realized.

The utility model discloses a water heater which comprises a water tank, an electronic anode and an air power supply module. The air power supply module comprises a shell in which a liquid storage cavity is formed, and the liquid storage cavity is filled with electrolyte; a cathode film is arranged in the shell, the inner surface of the cathode film is in contact with the electrolyte, and the outer surface of the cathode film is configured to be in contact with air; the metal anode is arranged in the shell; the electrode assembly comprises a first electrode and a second electrode; wherein an exhaust hole is formed in the shell, and a waterproof breathable component is arranged on the exhaust hole; the waterproof breathable component comprises a first membrane and a second membrane, and the second membrane is arranged on the inner side of the first membrane; the first membrane is configured to prevent water in the liquid storage cavity from flowing out and allow gas in the liquid storage cavity to pass through and be exhausted. The service life of the air power supply module is longer under the condition that the current anti-corrosion requirement of the water heater is met, the replacement frequency of a user is reduced, and the use experience of the user is improved.

This invention relates to the field of aqueous metal battery technology, specifically to an aqueous tin metal battery electrolyte containing metal sulfate additives, its preparation method, and its application. The electrolyte is based on an alkaline electrolyte (such as KOH) and soluble tin salts (such as SnSO4, SnCl2), with added metal sulfates such as Li2SO4, ZnSO4, K2SO4, MnSO4, or Na2SO4 as additives at a concentration of 0.01 mol / L to 0.5 mol / L. The metal cations preferentially adsorb onto the surface of the metal anode to form an electrostatic shielding layer, regulating metal ion deposition behavior, inhibiting the formation of "dead tin," and significantly improving the battery's cycle stability and coulombic efficiency.

This application provides an electrolytic polishing device for medical guidewires, including an electrolytic cell, an upper clamp, and a top cover. The electrolytic cell is a cylindrical structure with grooves, and its bottom has multiple concentric annular grooves. The upper clamp is annular, with an annular groove inside. A cylinder with a through hole is located at the center of the ring, with the center of the cylinder coinciding with the center of the ring, and the center of the through hole inside the cylinder coinciding with the center of the ring. The top cover has a cylindrical structure with a through hole at its center, with the center of the cylinder coinciding with the center of the top cover, and the center of the through hole inside the cylinder coinciding with the center of the top cover. This application ensures coaxiality while allowing for convenient, rapid, and safe installation of the metal cathode and metal anode. Furthermore, the device is located at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, reducing electrolyte consumption and effectively controlling costs and improving production efficiency. The multiple concentric annular grooves at the bottom of the electrolytic cell allow for selection of different inner diameters of the device depending on the desired polishing degree.

This invention belongs to the field of aluminum-ion battery technology, specifically relating to an aluminum-ion battery based on a biomimetic CNT / Al composite metal anode. It comprises a positive electrode, a non-aqueous aluminum salt-based ionic liquid electrolyte, a separator, and a biomimetic CNT / Al composite metal anode. The biomimetic CNT / Al composite metal anode consists of an aluminum substrate and a three-dimensional continuous electron permeation network formed within the aluminum substrate. The aluminum substrate is a micro / nano-scale aluminum sheet, and the three-dimensional continuous electron permeation network is formed by carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The three-dimensional continuous electron permeation network extends to the surface of the biomimetic CNT / Al composite metal anode. Compared with existing technologies, this invention solves the problem that existing technologies cannot simultaneously address the issues of ion mass transfer kinetics and interfacial mechanical stability during long-term cycling. This solution achieves long-term stable cycling of the aluminum-ion battery under harsh conditions by constructing a CNT / Al anode with a carbon nanotube (CNT)-like neural network structure.

The invention discloses a full-color OLED device for realizing white balance and a manufacturing method thereof. The device structurally comprises a metal anode, a first hole transport layer, a blue light-emitting layer, a first electron transport layer, a charge generation layer, a second hole transport layer, a green light-emitting layer, a red light-emitting layer, a second electron transport layer, a TCO cathode layer, an optical path regulation and control packaging layer and a blue wave band high-reflectivity packaging layer which are stacked in sequence, a red-green wave band high-reflectivity packaging layer and a water-oxygen isolation packaging layer; according to the invention, the TCO cathode and the wavelength-selective high-reflectivity packaging structure are introduced, so that light emitting loss caused by the SPP effect of the Ag cathode can be avoided; the optical design and the electrical design of the OLED are separated, the design freedom degree is increased, and the repeatability of the OLED device is improved; and due to the high reflectivity of wavelength selection, the reflectivity wave band and the reflectivity value can be freely designed, and the white balance of emergent light of the OLED device is realized.

Anodes for Li batteries and energy storage devices are provided, including anodes with an altered solid electrolyte interface (SEI). The anode SEI formed by exposure to a dicarboxylic acid shows significant improvement in energy storage and stability. Methods of making anodes with an improved SEI include exposing a lithium-containing metal anode to an acid solution comprising one or more dicarboxylic acids for a time sufficient to cause the formation of an artificial SEI on a surface of the anode.

This invention relates to an all-solid-state sodium-ion battery and its preparation method. The battery includes a sodium metal anode, a solid electrolyte, and a cathode. The sodium metal anode is deposited onto a metal foil via physical vapor deposition, and a sodium layer with a thickness of 0.5 μm to 10 μm is formed on the metal foil surface by controlling at least one of the deposition time, deposition temperature, or voltage. The solid electrolyte is prepared by mixing a polymer, sodium salt, binder, and water, casting the resulting mixture onto a substrate, and then vacuum drying it. The cathode is an active material containing sodium ions. The all-solid-state sodium-ion battery preparation method provided by this invention is easy to industrialize. The prepared all-solid-state sodium-ion battery exhibits excellent cycle performance, energy density, and power density, and its safety is improved, showing promising market application prospects.

A plant for producing metal anodes, in particular for use in an electrolytic tinplate production line, the plant comprising - a melting furnace (1 ) adapted to be loaded with scrap of said metal and provided with at least one pouring duct (4) for pouring molten metal; - a carousel (2), arranged below said melting furnace (1 ) and provided with a plurality of shell molds (3) arranged radially with respect to an axis of rotation (X) of said carousel (2); wherein said carousel (2) is configured to intermittently rotate so that at each radial rotation step at least one shell mold (3) of said plurality of shell molds stops in a respective casting position (9) at the corresponding pouring duct (4), and at least one other shell mold (3) stops in an extraction position (10) for the extraction of a solidified anode; wherein, in the casting position (9), the shell molds (3) are in an inclined position, at an angle other than zero, with respect to the horizontal so that a first end (5) of the shell mold (3), proximal to the corresponding pouring duct (4), is higher than a second end (6) thereof, opposite the first end (5) and distal from said pouring duct (4); and wherein there is provided an adjustment system (7, 8) for adjusting the inclination of each shell mold (3) along at least one part of the carousel (2), said adjustment system being configured to bring each shell mold (3) from said inclined position at the respective casting position (9) to a horizontal position at the respective extraction position (10), and then back to said inclined position.

A lithium metal anode includes a lithium metal or lithium metal alloy foil coated with a cured polymer composite material comprising a siloxane-based polymer and a lithium salt. Further described are related methods for applying a coating solution according to this disclosure to the lithium metal or lithium metal alloy foil to form a coated lithium metal anode, related coating solutions, and a secondary battery including said anode.

The application discloses a kind of soft rock electrochemical modification experimental device based on ionic liquid, including water container, piston container and electrochemical modification jar, the piston container is arranged at one side of water container, and the piston container is composed of first upper cover, base, barrel and piston body, the electrochemical modification jar is arranged at one side of piston container, the electrochemical modification jar includes second upper cover and jar body, the inside of jar body is installed with soft rock sample, and the top end and bottom end of the soft rock sample are respectively installed with iron porous metal cathode and iron porous metal anode, plunger metering pump, pressure sensor, first stop valve, first pressure gauge are respectively arranged between water container and piston container.The application not only uses ionic liquid as electrolyte, effectively solves the problem of soft rock hydration disintegration in the process of soft rock electrochemical modification, but also realizes that electrolyte is pressurized and injected simultaneously with soft rock electrochemical modification.

The lithium-ion battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte. The anode includes a metal anode layer. The metal anode layers include Li, a first element, and a second element. The second element is different from the first element. The first element is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ga, Ag, Au and Cd. The second element is at least one selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Mn, Zn, Ga, Ge, Sr, Rh, Y, Zr, Pd, In, Sn, Ba, Ag, Pb, Ir, Au, Pt, Bi, Sb, Cd, Nd, and Tl. The relation “M1:M2=60:40 to 98:2” is satisfied. “M1” indicates the mass of the first element included in the metal anode layer. “M2” indicates the mass of the second element included in the metal anode layer.

In the claimed method, a metal foil forming a first electrical current conductor is provided with openings, which are distributed uniformly on a surface of the metal foil and are arranged with spacings. The metal foil is subsequently brought into contact with a solid electrolyte, and the metal foil perforated in this way is then provided with a polymer coating, with which the free cross-sectional areas of the openings are filled. A thin, dense solid electrolyte layer is subsequently formed, and a layer forming the cathode is then formed on the opposite surface of the solid electrolyte in relation to the first current conductor, or a cathode is integrally bonded to said surface. The cathode is placed in electrically conductive contact with a further metal foil, which forms a second electrical conductor, on the oppositely arranged surface and is ionically conductively infiltrated with a liquid electrolyte, wherein an alkali metal anode is formed on the solid electrolyte in the region of the openings in the metal foil during charging of said electrochemical cells.

A preparation method for a carbon nanotube-sodiophilic metal anode-free sodium metal battery electrode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: modifying the carbon nanotubes by using a dielectric barrier plasma device; mixing and stirring the modified carbon nanotubes with a sodiophilic metal salt to obtain a precursor slurry; and drying the precursor slurry, placing the precursor slurry into a tubular furnace after the drying, and heating same for reaction by introducing a reducing gas to obtain a carbon nanotube-sodiophilic metal anode-free sodium metal battery electrode material. The prepared electrode material has a stable structure, excellent conductivity, and excellent sodiophilicity, and can be applied to anode-free sodium metal battery electrode materials. The entire preparation process is controllable, with a short synthesis cycle and simple operation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of aqueous zinc ion batteries, and particularly relates to an acidic corrosion-resistant gel electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing an acidic polymerizable monomer, a reinforcing component, a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator in water to obtain a precursor solution, removing dissolved oxygen in the precursor solution, initiating cross-linking polymerization by adopting ultraviolet light to form precursor gel, and soaking the precursor gel in an electrolyte solution to obtain the acidic corrosion-resistant gel electrolyte. And the electrolyte solution is prepared by mixing soluble zinc salt and an additive in water. The acidic corrosion-resistant gel electrolyte prepared by the method improves the corrosion of the acidic electrolyte to the metal anode, so that the aqueous zinc ion battery matched with the metal anode shows excellent cycling stability and extremely high ionic conductivity, and the prepared total battery has excellent cycling stability and capacity retention ratio under high load.

A method includes forming a metal cathode on a substrate, anodizing an outer surface of the metal cathode to form an anodized porous layer, and forming a metal anode over the anodized porous layer, wherein the anodized porous layer defines a dielectric layer between the metal anode and the metal cathode, and wherein the metal anode, the anodized porous layer, and the metal cathode define a sensor.

The utility model discloses an air power supply module which comprises a shell, a metal anode and an electrode assembly, a liquid storage cavity and an air cavity are formed in the shell, and the liquid storage cavity is communicated with the air cavity through a mounting port; a cathode film is further arranged in the liquid storage cavity and covers the inner side of the installation opening in a sealed mode. A ventilation part is also arranged on the shell, is communicated with the air cavity and is arranged at the upper part of the shell; an exhaust hole is formed in the shell, the exhaust hole is communicated with the liquid storage cavity, and a waterproof breathable component is arranged on the exhaust hole; the waterproof breathable component comprises a first membrane and a second membrane, the second membrane is arranged on the inner side of the first membrane, and the first membrane is configured to prevent water in the liquid storage cavity from flowing out and allow gas in the liquid storage cavity to penetrate through and be exhausted. The air power supply module has a longer service life under the condition that the current anti-corrosion requirement of the water heater is met, and the situation of liquid leakage is reduced so as to improve the use reliability of the water heater.

A lithium metal anode and a lithium secondary battery including the same are provided. The lithium metal anode comprises a lithium metal layer arranged on a current collector and a protective layer arranged on the lithium metal layer, the protective layer comprises a polymer binder and lithium conductive particles, and the polymer binder is non-polar. The polymeric binder may be fluorine (F) free. A lithium electrodeposited layer of the lithium metal layer may have a thickness of about 15 microns or greater. The weight ratio of the lithium conductive particles to the polymer binder (lithium conductive particles (wt%) / polymer binder (wt%)) may be about 2.0 to 10.0.

A single-ion conducting gel polymer electrolyte includes a fluorine-based compound with 25-40% of its main chain converted to carbon double bonds, and 35-55 wt % of a lithium salt. The polymer ensures anion immobilization, thereby limiting conduction primarily to lithium ions. By including an optional additive such as PEGMEMA in specific weight ratios, the electrolyte achieves both high ionic conductivity and robust film formation. A method for preparing this gel polymer electrolyte involves mixing the fluorine-based compound, lithium salt, and a radical initiator, followed by in-situ crosslinking. The resulting free-standing film exhibits enhanced lithium-metal anode stability, suppressing dendrite formation. Also disclosed is a lithium secondary battery with this gel polymer electrolyte layer positioned between positive and negative electrodes, demonstrating improved cycle life and higher voltage stability disclosure.

An aspect of the present application provides a kind of carbon nanotube-sodium metal electrode material preparation method of sodium metal battery of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal electrode material of sodium metal

The invention discloses an organic photoelectric detector based on polymer N2200 doped small molecules and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of organic photoelectric detectors, the organic photoelectric detector adopts an inverted structure, and comprises a substrate, a transparent conductive cathode ITO, a polymer N2200 doped heat exciton blue light material electron transport layer and a PM6: Y12 active layer from bottom to top in sequence, a MoO3 hole transport layer and a metal anode; the polymer N2200 doped heat exciton blue light material is used as an electron transport layer, and the N2200 and the heat exciton blue light material are spin-coated on the ITO upper layer through a wet method, so that the hole blocking capability of the heat exciton blue light material under reverse bias voltage can be enhanced, electrons can be blocked in a dark state, the dark current of the organic photoelectric detector can be reduced, and the organic photoelectric detector can be applied to the field of organic photoelectric detectors. The charge dissociation and transmission capability in the active layer is improved, ohmic contact is promoted, the contact resistance formed between interfaces is reduced, the charge transmission capability between different functional layers is further improved, and the purpose of improving various performance parameters of the organic photoelectric detector is achieved.

The application discloses a high specific detectivity optical detection device and a preparation method thereof. The detection device is composed of a bottom substrate, a conductive cathode, an electron transport layer, an organic photoactive layer, a hole transport layer and a metal anode. The photoactive layer adopts a polymer donor PDPP3T and a fullerene acceptor PC 71 BM is blended to form a bulk heterojunction, and a solvent additive 1,8-diiodooctane is added to regulate the heterojunction morphology. The electron transport layer uses pure zinc oxide as a single interface layer or ethoxylated polyethyleneimine modified zinc oxide as a composite interface. Under the action of a reasonable additive content, the dark current of the detection device is significantly reduced, and a low dark current and high specific detectivity optical detection device is realized.

The application discloses a wide-bandgap power diode with a periodic composite anode, which comprises, from bottom to top, a wide-bandgap semiconductor material substrate layer, a third anode groove, a wide-bandgap semiconductor material epitaxial layer, a periodic first anode groove and a second anode on the wide-bandgap semiconductor material epitaxial layer, a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer arranged on the first anode groove and the upper surface of the wide-bandgap semiconductor material epitaxial layer in sequence, the second dielectric layer arranged on the second anode groove and the upper surface of the wide-bandgap semiconductor material epitaxial layer, a third dielectric layer arranged on the third anode groove, and a metal anode and a metal cathode arranged on the upper surface of the wide-bandgap semiconductor material epitaxial layer and the lower surface of the wide-bandgap semiconductor material substrate layer respectively. The application has the performance advantages of high current density, high breakdown voltage, low on-resistance and low reverse leakage current due to the periodic composite anode structure.

The invention discloses an anti-single event effect trench Schottky diode cellular structure and a preparation method thereof. The cellular structure comprises a substrate and an epitaxial layer on the surface of the substrate; the trench structure is formed in the epitaxial layer and comprises a deep trench region and a V-shaped opening region above the deep trench region, a gate oxide layer is deposited on the inner surface of the deep trench region, and the deep trench region is filled with a polycrystalline silicon layer covering the gate oxide layer; the Pbody region and the deep energy level recombination center are formed on the side wall of the V-shaped opening region; an anode metal; schottky metal is deposited on the inner surface of the V-shaped opening area, the exposed surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer and the surface of the side, away from the substrate, of the epitaxial layer. The anode metal is located on the upper surface, covered by the Schottky metal, of the epitaxial layer and in the V-shaped opening area. The cathode metal is located on the surface of one side, away from the epitaxial layer, of the substrate. The introduced deep energy level recombination center can efficiently capture holes when a single event effect occurs, and charge accumulation is eliminated through non-radiative recombination, so that instantaneous charges generated by a single event are rapidly eliminated.

The battery comprises a metal anode having a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) surface layer, a cathode having halogen species incorporated into a porous carbon material, an electrolyte having an organic solvent and salt in contact with the anode and cathode, and an oxidizing gas in contact with the electrolyte. The SEI layer has composition M α B β C γ N δ F ε X ζ O η The formula is such that M is a metal, B is boron, C is carbon, N is nitrogen, F is fluorine, X is a non-fluorine halogen species, O is oxygen, α is a number in the range of 0.2 to 0.4, β is a number in the range of 0.0 to 0.1, γ is a number in the range of 0.15 to 0.25, δ is a number in the range of 0.0 to 0.02, ε is a number in the range of 0.0 to 0.1, ζ is a number in the range of 0.005 to 0.02, and η is a number in the range of 0.40 to 0.60, and α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, and η are selected such that the sum of α + β + γ + δ + ε + ζ + η = 1. The SEI surface layer of the metal anode suppresses dendrite formation, promotes uniform lithium plating, limits electrolyte decomposition, and extends battery life.

This invention relates to a thyristor chip and its fabrication method. The thyristor chip includes: a molybdenum wafer, an insulating film layer, an anode metal, a cathode metal, a gate metal, an anode P-type layer, an N-type base region, a P-type base region, a cathode N-type region, and a conductive film layer. The gate metal includes a central gate metal and an amplifying gate metal. The cathode N-type region includes a cathode emitting N-type region and an amplifying gate N-type region. The P-type base region, N-type base region, and anode P-type layer are sequentially stacked. The anode metal is disposed on the lower surface of the anode P-type layer. The cathode metal, central gate metal, and amplifying gate metal have the same thickness. An insulating film layer is deposited on the lower surface of the molybdenum wafer corresponding to the amplifying gate metal, and a conductive film layer is deposited corresponding to the cathode metal. The advantages of this invention are: it can achieve the purpose of isolating the amplifying gate and the cathode during packaging, reducing the complexity of the process and lowering the process cost.

The invention provides a preparation device of a single-walled carbon nanotube. The preparation device of the single-walled carbon nanotube comprises a hearth with an auxiliary heating system; the graphite crucible anode pool is mounted at the bottom of the inner wall of the hearth with the auxiliary heating system, and a fence is mounted at the top of the graphite crucible anode pool. According to the preparation device of the single-walled carbon nanotube, the graphite crucible anode pool is heated by the electric arc to form a stable high-temperature environment through the design, the problem of electric sparks caused by discontinuous electric arc is avoided, the temperature is maintained by a single electric arc gas in a conventional plasma method, and if a carbon source gas is introduced into a hearth, a flow field in a cavity is changed, so that the single-walled carbon nanotube is prepared. The arc striking gas is easy to be impacted and disordered, the metal anode pool is added, the stability of the temperature of the cavity is obviously improved, the safety and continuity of the reaction are greatly improved, and the fence is added around the graphite crucible anode pool, so that the problem that metal catalyst steam evaporated at high temperature is insufficiently contacted with a carbon source is avoided.

An anode material for an electrochemical cell comprises a matrix material: distributed material composite, which comprises one or more alkali metals and / or alkali earth metals. The distributed material may comprise a metal other than that of the matrix material, such as a transition and / or post transition metal. The anode material may be all or part of an anode for an electrochemical cell, which may further comprises a current collector and / or an SEI layer. The electrolyte may comprises an alkali metal and / or alkali earth metal and / or a transition metal and / or post transition metal containing electrolyte salt. The matrix material and / or the distributed material may comprise one or more of the metals of the electrolyte salt. All or part of the anode may be used as a substrate for electro-deposition of one or more matrix materials during charging and / or all or part of the anode may be used as a source of matrix material during discharging. The electrolyte may further comprise one or more electrolyte additives. The anode material may be produced by mixing a matrix material and distributed material and heating the mixture to selectively melt the matrix material to produce a matrix material: distributed material composite. The composite may be further chemically or mechanically processed to reduce the size of the distributed material and / or to increase the homogeneity of the matrix material: distributed material composite. The anode material, the anode or the electrochemical cell may be used in a device.

A rechargeable battery has a metal anode with a surface layer of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), a cathode with a halogen species embedded in a porous carbon material, an electrolyte containing an organic solvent and a salt in contact with the anode, and an oxidation gas in contact with the electrolyte. The SEI layer has the composition M α B β C γ N δ F ε X ζ O ηwhere M is a metal, B is boron, C is carbon, N is nitrogen, F is fluorine, X is a non-fluorinated halogen species, and O is oxygen, α is a number in the range of 0.2 to 0.4, β is a number in the range of 0.0 to 0.1, y is a number in the range of 0.15 to 0.25, δ is a number in the range of 0.0 to 0.02, ε is a number in the range of 0.0 to 0.1, ζ is a number in the range of 0.005 to 0.02, η is a number in the range of 0.40 to 0.60, and α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, and η are chosen such that the sum of α + β + γ + δ + ε + ζ + η = 1 The SEI surface layer on the metal anode suppresses the formation of dendrites, enables uniform coating with lithium, limits electrolyte degradation, and extends battery life.

The utility model discloses a water heater which comprises a water tank, an electronic anode and an air power supply module. The air power supply module comprises a shell, a liquid storage cavity and an air cavity are formed in the shell, and the liquid storage cavity communicates with the air cavity through a mounting opening; a cathode film is further arranged in the liquid storage cavity and covers the inner side of the installation opening in a sealed mode. A ventilation part is also arranged on the shell, is communicated with the air cavity and is arranged at the upper part of the shell; the metal anode is arranged in the liquid storage cavity; the electrode assembly comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged on the shell, the first electrode is electrically connected with the cathode film, and the second electrode is electrically connected with the metal anode. The ventilation part is arranged to be higher than the liquid level of the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte is prevented from leaking to the outside of the shell, and the use reliability is further improved.