1994 results about "Ionic conductivity" patented technology

A solid-state metal-air electrochemical cell comprising: (A) a metal-containing electro-active anode; (B) an oxygen electro-active cathode; and (C) an ion-conducting glass electrolyte disposed between the metal-containing anode and the oxygen electro-active cathode. The cathode active material, which is oxygen gas, is not stored in the battery but rather fed from the environment. The oxygen cathode is preferably a composite carbon electrode which serves as the cathode current collector on which oxygen molecules are reduced during discharge of the battery to generate electric current. The glass electrolyte typically has an ion conductivity in the range of 5×10⁻⁵ to 2×10⁻³ S/cm. The electrolyte layer is preferably smaller than 10 μm in thickness and further preferably smaller than 1 μm. The anode metal is preferably lithium or lithium alloy, but may be selected from other elements such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum and zinc.

A functionally improved battery is disclosed. The battery includes a flexible thin layer open liquid state electrochemical cell (10) and an electronic chip device (60) integrally formed on or within the electrochemical cell (10). The cell (10) includes a first layer of insoluble negative pole (14), a second layer of insoluble positive pole (16) and a third layer of aqueous electrolyte (12). The third layer (12) is disposed between the first (14) and second (16) layers. The third layer (12) includes a diliquescent material for keeping the cell wet, an electroactive soluble material for ionic conductivity and a watersoluble polymer for viscosity. The viscosity adheres the first (14) and second (16) layer to the third layer (12). The chip (60) serves to improve the functionality of the battery.

Disclosed are ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and methods for their fabrication. The membranes may be incorporated in active metal negative electrode (anode) structures and battery cells. In accordance with the invention, the membrane has the desired properties of high overall ionic conductivity and chemical stability towards the anode, the cathode and ambient conditions encountered in battery manufacturing. The membrane is capable of protecting an active metal anode from deleterious reaction with other battery components or ambient conditions while providing a high level of ionic conductivity to facilitate manufacture and/or enhance performance of a battery cell in which the membrane is incorporated.

PCT No. PCT/JP97/02854 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 11, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 11, 1999 PCT Filed Aug. 19, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/07772 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 26, 1998A polymer solid electrolyte obtained by blending (1) a polyether copolymer having a main chain derived form ethylene oxide and an oligooxyethylene side chain, (2) an electrolyte salt compound, and (3) a plasticizer of an aprotic organic solvent or a derivative or metal salt of a polyalkylene glycol having a number-average molecular weight of 200 to 5,000 or a metal salt of the derivative is superior in ionic conductivity and also superior in processability, moldability and mechanical strength to a conventional solid electrolyte. A secondary battery is constructed by using the polymer solid electrolyte in combination with a lithium metal negative electrode and a lithium cobaltate positive electrode.

Provided is a rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur cell comprising an anode active material layer, an electrolyte, and a cathode active material layer containing multiple particulates of a sulfur-containing material selected from a sulfur-carbon hybrid, sulfur-graphite hybrid, sulfur-graphene hybrid, conducting polymer-sulfur hybrid, metal sulfide, sulfur compound, or a combination thereof and wherein at least one of the particulates is composed of one or a plurality of sulfur-containing material particles being embraced or encapsulated by a thin layer of a high-elasticity polymer having a recoverable tensile strain no less than 10% when measured without an additive or reinforcement, a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10⁻⁵ S/cm at room temperature, and a thickness from 0.5 nm to 10 μm. This battery exhibits an excellent combination of high sulfur content, high sulfur utilization efficiency, high energy density, and long cycle life.

The present invention provides an ionic compound which: can exert excellent basic performance such as excellent electrochemical stability including an excellent ionic conductivity; is excellent in pH stability; and can suitably find use in a variety of applications, and an electrolyte material, an electrolytic solution, and an electrolytic capacitor each containing the ionic compound. Anionic compound of the present invention has an anion represented by a general formula (1) and a cation represented by a general formula (2):

• where X represents an element selected from B, C, N, O, Al, Si, P, S, As, and Se, M¹ and M² represent linking groups, Q represents a monovalent element or organic group, a represents an integer of 1 or more, and b, c, d, and e each represent an integer of 0 or more;

R_s-LH^⊕  (2)

where L represents an element selected from C, Si, N, P, S, and O, R represents a monovalent element, functional group, or organic group, and s represents an integer of 2, 3, or 4.

A precursor electro-catalyst composition for producing a fuel cell electrode. The precursor composition comprises (a) a molecular metal precursor dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium and (b) a polymer dissolved or dispersed in the liquid medium, wherein the polymer is both ion-conductive and electron-conductive with an electronic conductivity no less than 10⁻⁴ S/cm (preferably greater than 10⁻² S/cm) and ionic conductivity no less than 10⁻⁵ S/cm (preferably greater than 10⁻³ S/cm). Also disclosed is an electro-catalyst composition derived from this precursor composition, wherein the molecular metal precursor is converted by heat and/or energy beam to form nanometer-scaled catalyst particles and the polymer forms a matrix that is in physical contact with the catalyst particles, coated on the catalyst particles, and/or surrounding the catalyst particles as a dispersing matrix with the catalyst particles dispersed therein when the liquid is removed. The fuel cell comprising such a composition in an electrode exhibits a superior power output.

A solid electrolyte, a method of manufacturing the same, and a lithium battery and a thin-film battery that employ the solid electrolyte are provided. The solid electrolyte contains nitrogen to enhance the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of batteries.

The invention relates to a water system high-voltage mixed ion secondary battery. A positive pole material of the battery is a high-voltage battery positive pole material, namely zinc-lithium ferric manganese phosphate (LiFe1-xMnxPO4), the element zinc serves as the majority of a negative pole material, and electrolyte is a liquid-state or gel-state material which is formed by lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and soluble zinc salt as solute and water as solvent and has ionic conductivity. The battery is based on the energy storage mechanisms of a dissolution-out/deposition reaction of zinc ions (Zn2+) on a negative pole and a reversible embedding/ejection reaction of the zinc ions (Zn2+) on a positive pole, meanwhile, through the water-in-salt electrolyte formed by high-concentration LiTFSI, the electrochemical water decomposition process is inhibited, a potential window of the water system electrolyte is remarkably broadened, the zinc-lithium mixed ion secondary battery has the advantages of being high in capacity, long in cycling life, safe, environmentally friendly, low in cost and the like, and the battery can be applied to the fields such as consumer electronic equipment, electromobiles and large-scale energy storage.

The invention relates to one solid electrolyte materials and its process method for fix lithium battery, which is characterized by the following: Li2S and other sulfur compound B/S and A/I according to certain mole proportion for compounds to form non-crystal system to provide space for lithium ion transmission to get higher ion conductive rate, wherein, the materials have wider heat stable range to provide one ideal electrolyte prepare materials for solid lithium ion battery.

The present invention discloses non-aqueous electrolytes having an extended temperature range for battery applications. The electrolyte comprises an electrolyte salt, e.g. LiPF₆, a first non-aqueous solvent, and a second non-aqueous solvent having a structure of formula I or II. The electrolyte of the present invention has higher ionic conductivity, lower freezing point, and lower vapor pressure at high temperature than commercial electrolytes. These non-aqueous electrolytes can be used, for example, in lithium-ion batteries. Methods of making lithium-ion batteries are also described.

Disclosed are a garnet-type solid electrolyte and a method for preparing the same. The garnet-based solid electrolyte of the present invention is prepared by adding Al₂O₃ to a precursor containing hydroxide, thereby enhancing sintered density and ionic conductivity while having a pure cubic phase crystal structure without including impurities.

Provided are a composite polymer electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery in which a composite polymer matrix multi-layer structure composed of a plurality of polymer matrices with different pore sizes is impregnated with an electrolyte solution, and a method of manufacturing the same. Among the polymer matrices, a microporous polymer matrix with a smaller pore size contains a lithium cationic single-ion conducting inorganic filler, thereby enhancing ionic conductivity, the distribution uniformity of the impregnated electrolyte solution, and maintenance characteristics. The microporous polymer matrix containing the lithium cationic single-ion conducting inorganic filler is coated on a surface of a porous polymer matrix to form the composite polymer matrix multi-layer structure, which is then impregnated with the electrolyte solution, to manufacture the composite polymer electrolyte. The composite polymer electrolyte is used in a unit battery. The composite polymer matrix structure can increase mechanical properties. The introduction of the lithium cationic single-ion conducting inorganic filler can provide excellent ionic conductivity and high rate discharge characteristics.

In a lithium ion secondary battery which is composed of a positive electrode 1, a negative electrode 4 and a separator 7 which contains a Li ion-containing non-aqueous electrolytic solution, both of the ionic conductivity and adhesion strength were ensured by making an adhesive resin layer 8 which bonds the positive electrode 1 to the separator 7 and the negative electrode 4 to the separator 7 into a mixture phase consisting of an electrolytic solution phase 9, an electrolytic solution-containing a polymer gel phase 10 and a polymer solid phase 11.

An electrochemical device comprises, at least, a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrolyte layer having an ionic conductivity. The first and second electrodes oppose each other by way of the electrolyte layer. The first and second electrodes comprise a composite particle containing an electrode active material, a conductive auxiliary agent having an electronic conductivity, and a binder adapted to bind the electrode active material and conductive auxiliary agent to each other. In the composite particle, the electrode active material and conductive auxiliary agent are electrically coupled to each other without being isolated.

The invention provides a polyvinylidene-fluoride-based composite fibrous membrane, which comprises a polyvinylidene fluoride fibrous layer with the thickness ranging from 5 mu m to 120 mu m, wherein the diameters of the fibers range from 80 nm to 1500 nm; the polyvinylidene fluoride fibrous layer comprises the components in percentage by mass as follows: 15%-95% of polyvinylidene fluoride and 5%-85% of a modifier; and the modifier comprises a polymer and/or inorganic oxide. The preparation method is simple and feasible; the used raw materials and equipment are cheap; the prepared composite fibrous membrane has the advantages of high porosity and membrane flux, good mechanical strength and thermal stability, uniform thickness, controllability and the like; and when applied to a lithium ion battery, the composite fibrous membrane can improve the ionic conductivity and the charge-discharge performance of the high current of the battery, and shows good electrochemical performance and circulative performance.

Provided is an oxide solid electrolyte based on lithium halide-doping. The oxide solid electrolyte is a lithium solid electrolyte, wherein electrolytes in a perovskite type, an NASICON type and a garnet type are taken as substrates, and a lithium halide solution and the oxide solid electrolytes are compounded and sintered at a low temperature. A preparing method comprises the steps that LATP, LLTOand LLZO solid electrolytes are subjected to ball-milling, or self-produced cubic-phase lithium-lanthanum-zirconium-oxygen solid electrolyte powder is subjected to ball-milling and sintered to prepare cubic-phase LLZO solid electrolyte powder, an LIX solution is added to the solid electrolyte powder, and the mixture is pressed into a slice or painted into a membrane, then placed in a muffle furnace at a low temperature of 100-250 DEG C and sintered for 1-10 hours. The oxide solid electrolyte is simple in technology and low in cost, and the prepared lithium solid electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and high repeatability; the oxide solid electrolyte can be on a par with electrolytes prepared through a traditional high-temperature technology, and meanwhile low-temperature sintering canavoid high-temperature diffusion reaction with cathode materials.

A high-strength, heat-resistant and high-safety electrolytic-solution-supporting polymer film which can be applied to secondary batteries typified by lithium and lithium ion secondary batteries and which has an ionic conductivity of at least 5x10-4 S/cm at 25° C., a puncture strength of at least 300 g and a mechanical heat resistance of at least 300° C.

A crosslinked material of a polyether copolymer comprising:(A) 1 to 98% by mol of a repeating unit derived from a monomer represented by the formula (I):(B) 95 to 1% by mol of a repeating unit derived from a monomer represented by the formula (II):(C) 0.005 to 15% by mol of a repeating unit derived from a monomer having one epoxy group and at least one reactive functional group; provides a polymer solid electrolyte which is superior in ionic conductivity and also superior in processability, moldability, mechanical strength and flexibility, furthermore thermal resistance.

The invention discloses a method for performing in-situ controllable coating on a lithium ion battery electrode material by a phenolic resin. The method comprises the following steps: (1) putting a lithium ion battery electrode material or a precursor for synthesizing the lithium ion battery electrode material into a mixed solution of water and ethanol, sequentially adding phenol, ammonia water and aldehyde for stirring at a certain temperature, and drying an obtained precipitate, thereby obtaining an intermediate product; and (2) calcining the intermediate product obtained in the step (1) in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature, thereby finishing coating of a carbon layer, or mixing the intermediate product obtained from the precursor in the step (1) with a compound containing lithium ions, grinding, calcining, and cooling to room temperature, thereby finishing coating of the carbon layer. The method is simple and feasible, the thickness of the coated carbon layer can be systematically regulated and optimized, the electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity of a polyanionic positive electrode material are obviously improved, and the cycle performance and rate performance of the material are optimized.

The present invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell with superior power generation characteristics even at lower temperatures (for example, in a range of 200° C. to 600° C. and preferably in a range of 400° C. to 600° C.) and a method for manufacturing the same. The solid oxide fuel cell is such that the solid oxide fuel cell includes an anode, a cathode, and a first solid oxide held between the anode and the cathode, the anode includes metal particles (2), an anode catalyst (1), and ion conducting bodies (3), the anode catalyst (1) is attached to the surface of the metal particles (2), and the first solid oxide and the ion conducting bodies (3) have either one of an ionic conductivity that is selected from oxide ionic conductivity and hydrogen ionic conductivity.

The invention provides a sulfide solid electrolyte based on oxygen doping. The sulfide solid electrolyte is prepared from the chemical ingredients, in percentage by mass: 36-60% of lithium sulfide orlithium selenide, 18-48% of phosphorus pentasulfide or phosphorus selenide, 1-23% of metal oxide or specific nonmetallic oxide and 8-37% of lithium chloride, lithium bromide or lithium iodide. The preparation method of the sulfide solid electrolyte mainly comprises the steps that the raw materials are sufficiently blended and subjected to tabletting, then placed in a quartz tube to be burned and sealed, the product is placed in a muffle furnace and heated to be 400-600 DEG C at a slow heating rate, the optimal heating rate is 0.3 DEG C/minute, heat preservation is conducted for 12-48 hours, and then the product is cooled to reach the room temperature; and the product is ground to be powder, and the sulfide solid electrolyte based on oxygen doping is prepared. The sulfide solid electrolyteis easy to prepare and high in repeatability, the prepared solid electrolyte has the high ionic conductivity and good stability to the air and positive and negative electrodes.

The invention discloses a monomer and polymer for a gel electrolyte material, and preparation methods and applications of the monomer and the polymer. By a gamma ray or electron beam-induced polymerization crosslinking method, a hydrophobic oleophilic monomer and an acrylic ester crosslinking agent are polymerized and crosslinked in an organic solvent containing a lithium salt to obtain a polymer gel electrolyte. Compared with a traditional lithium-ion battery, the lithium-ion battery of using the gel electrolyte has higher ionic conductivity (8.88*10<-3>S cm<-1>); liquid leakage can be effectively prevented; the dangers of explosion, combustion and the like caused by liquid leakage are avoided; and the safety factor is high. Meanwhile, a traditional chemical method is replaced with a gamma ray or electron beam irradiation method, so that the preparation method is simpler, safe, environment-friendly and low in energy consumption and is very suitable for industrialized production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a composite solid-state electrolyte which comprises an organic polymer, a lithium salt, an ionic liquid and an inorganic solid electrolyte material, wherein the mass ratio of the polymer to the lithium salt to the ionic liquid to the inorganic solid electrolyte material is 1: (0.1-0.6): (0.1-1): (0.05-0.2). Thecomposite solid-state electrolyte disclosed by the invention is high in ionic conductivity, high in stability, good in compatibility with positive and negative electrodes and excellent in mechanical property, and the composite solid-state electrolyte has excellent mechanical property due to a polymer framework; the lithium salt provides lithium ions for the solid electrolyte; the ionic liquid improves the conductivity of the electrolyte; the inorganic solid electrolyte material can be crosslinked with the polymer to further improve the mechanical properties of the solid electrolyte and increase the strength.