1551 results about "Ionic conductivity" patented technology

The present disclosure provides a solid electrolyte composition that can suppress deterioration in ion conductivity of an ionic solid electrolyte material. The solid electrolyte composition according to the present disclosure contains a sulfur element-free ionic solid electrolyte material and an organic solvent, where the organic solvent includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon and a compound having a functional group; and the functional group is at least one selected from the group consisting of an ether group, a halogen group, and a Si—O—C group.

The invention belongs to the technical field of design and preparation of solid electrolyte materials, and particularly relates to a LiBH4-based composite solid electrolyte material and a preparation method thereof.The LiBH4-based composite solid electrolyte material is obtained by performing high-energy ball milling on a mixture of LiBH4 and one or two metal halides MX2 in a certain molar ratio in an argon atmosphere; m is Mg, Zn, Ni or Bi; x is F, Cl, Br or I. According to the LiBH4 composite solid electrolyte prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the ionic conductivity at room temperature is improved to 10 <-4 > S cm <-1 > or above, and the ion diffusion activation energy is only 0.16 eV; the process is simple, the preparation time is short, the repeatability is high, no pollution is caused to the environment, and the industrial production requirement is met, so that the all-solid-state lithium ion battery electrolyte is expected to realize commercialized application.

The invention discloses a composite sulfide solid-state electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of solid-state batteries. The composite sulfide solid electrolyte comprises sulfide solid electrolyte particles and nano ion conductor particles which are stable to water vapor, wherein the nano ion conductor particles are uniformly distributed on the surfaces and gaps of the sulfide solid electrolyte particles to form a composite structure. Therefore, through the composite structure that the nano ion conductor particles are uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the sulfide particles and in the gaps, the surface coverage of the sulfide solid electrolyte can be increased, the hydrolysis reaction rate can be reduced, and the sulfide solid electrolyte is well protected while the reduction amplitude of the lithium ion conductivity is reduced; the stability to air is improved; and the electrochemical stability is also improved. In addition, the method is simple in process, has good mass production capacity, and has high application value for actual production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a negative electrode material, a secondary battery and electric equipment. The second coating layer with the porous carbon material in the negative electrode material provides a sufficient buffer space for volume expansion of silicon, so that cracks and pulverization of the negative electrode material are effectively reduced, and the structural integrity of the negative electrode material is further ensured. And meanwhile, the solid electrolyte arranged in the second coating layer can maintain the smoothness of an ion transmission path in the silicon expansion process, so that the rate capability and the quick charge performance of the battery are ensured. Besides, a third coating layer (SEI film) formed by the ionic liquid has good ionic conductivity, and dynamic covalent bonds existing in some ionic liquids can be fractured and recombined under the action of external stress, so that a self-repairing function is realized. Therefore, when cracks are generated on the surface of the negative electrode material due to volume expansion, the third coating layer can quickly repair the cracks, prevent electrolyte permeation and lithium dendrite growth and inhibit side reactions.

The invention relates to the technical field of polymer photoelectric materials, in particular to a preparation method of a supramolecular gel electrolyte. The method comprises the following steps: esterifying tetraphenylethylene alcohol and methacryloyl chloride to form tetraphenylethylene methacrylate, and performing staged linear heating polymerization on the tetraphenylethylene methacrylate, 3-(methacrylamido) propyl dimethyl 3-thiopropyl ammonium oxide inner salt, acrylic acid, tetraphenylethylene methacrylate and 4-vinylpyridine under the action of ammonium persulfate to obtain a tetraphenylethylene copolymer. And finally, soaking in a lithium chloride aqueous solution to obtain the supramolecular hydrogel electrolyte. The hydrogel obtained by the invention has high mechanical strength and high ionic conductivity, and is suitable for energy storage devices such as flexible supercapacitors and the like.

The invention provides an electrolyte for quickly charging a sodium-ion battery without a negative electrode. The electrolyte comprises a sodium salt, a solvent and an additive. According to the electrolyte, metal oxide nanoparticles are introduced as a first additive, and a second additive is supplemented, so that rapid desolvation of sodium ions on an electrode interface and improvement of the ionic conductivity of an electrolyte body are realized at the same time, and compact and dendrite-free sodium deposition under high current density is realized. The negative-electrode-free sodium-ion battery prepared from the electrolyte can be quickly charged, and good cycling stability and high capacity retention ratio can be maintained, so that the use requirements of people can be met.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery electrolytes, in particular to a preparation method of a polyether-based solid electrolyte and application of the polyether-based solid electrolyte in electrochemical devices such as lithium metal batteries. The polyether-based solid electrolyte material comprises a porous polymer skeleton, a cyclic ether monomer, a copper-based compound, a lithium salt and a plasticizing additive. The preparation method comprises the following steps: loading a copper-based compound into a porous polymer skeleton, adding cyclic ether, lithium salt and the like to carry out in-situ ring opening polymerization, cooperatively constructing a polyether-porous polymer skeleton three-dimensional network structure, and improving the mechanical strength of the electrolyte. Wherein the copper-based compound widens the chain spacing of the porous polymer, and is convenient for the cyclic ether monomer to penetrate into the skeleton; meanwhile, the in-situ ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic ether promotes the close contact between the electrolyte and an electrode, the interface impedance is reduced, and the ionic conductivity is improved. The polyether-based solid electrolyte prepared by the invention can promote stable circulation of a lithium metal battery.

The invention provides a solid electrolyte membrane, a preparation method thereof and a solid-state battery. The solid electrolyte membrane comprises an inorganic filler, a polymer matrix and a lithium salt, wherein the inorganic filler comprises a dielectric conductive ion material and oxide particles; wherein the dielectric conductive ion material comprises a dielectric filler and a silane coupling agent which is coated on the outer surface of the dielectric filler and contains cyano groups, the dielectric filler contains transition metal elements, and the transition metal elements are Nb elements and / or Ta elements; the oxide particles comprise lanthanum oxide particles; the mass ratio of the dielectric conductive ion material to the oxide particles is (1-5): 1, and the ratio of the total mass of the inorganic filler to the mass of the polymer matrix is (10-50): 100. The solid electrolyte membrane provided by the invention has relatively high ionic conductivity, mechanical strength and structural stability, and can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of the solid lithium metal battery.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a solid-state electrolyte based on chemical bonding of a silane coupling agent and a sulfide solid-state electrolyte and a preparation method of a solid-state lithium battery. A halogen ion competitive adsorption effect of a first electrolyte is cooperated with a compact siloxane network formed by the silane coupling agent; the sulfide solid electrolyte is effectively inhibited from reacting with moisture in air, electrochemical performance attenuation is delayed, the first electrolyte reacts with lithium metal to generate a stable SEI layer to inhibit dendritic crystal growth, and a wide electrochemical stable window of the second electrolyte can reduce oxygenolysis reaction with a high-voltage positive electrode, so that the electrochemical performance is improved. Chemical bonding is formed between amino groups of the silane coupling agent and lithium metal, interface contact is optimized, meanwhile, the interface ion transfer efficiency is improved through the high ionic conductivity of the second electrolyte, and the interface impedance is reduced; the defects of poor ionic conductivity and poor service life caused by poor air stability and electrochemical stability of the electrolyte in the prior art are overcome.

The invention discloses a sodium ion sulfide solid electrolyte with enhanced stability, the chemical composition formula of the solid electrolyte is Na3Sb1-xAsxS4-ySey, x and y are respectively molar ratios of As and Se, x is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5, y is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.4, the solid electrolyte has a cubic phase crystal structure similar to Na3SbS4 and belongs to a space group, the side length of a cell is a = b = c = 7.19309, and the volume of the cell is V = 374.9457336; in the crystal structure, Sb and As are mixed to occupy the peak and center equivalent position 2a of a cubic unit cell; s and Se are mixed to occupy a 24g position, Na ions are filled in gaps of unit cells, Na1 occupies a 6b position, Na2 occupies a 2b position, and a covalent bond network is formed by the position occupied by the mixture of S and Se and the position occupied by the mixture of Sb and As. The solid electrolyte is low in cost, the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte is 10 <-3 > S / cm magnitude, and the solid electrolyte has excellent cycle performance and air stability.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a preparation method of a solid electrolyte membrane and the solid electrolyte membrane. The preparation method of the solid electrolyte membrane comprises the following steps: providing a composite fiber solution, a thermoplastic elastomer solution, a solid electrolyte matrix and a positive electrode material; performing coaxial electrostatic spinning treatment on the composite fiber solution and the thermoplastic elastomer solution to obtain a fiber adhesive; carrying out ball milling treatment on the fiber adhesive, the solid electrolyte matrix and the positive electrode material to obtain a fibration mixture; and carrying out hot rolling treatment on the fiberized mixture to obtain the solid electrolyte membrane. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, the fiber adhesive prepared from the composite fiber and the thermoplastic elastomer, the solid electrolyte matrix and the positive electrode material are subjected to ball milling and hot rolling treatment, so that the interface contact between the cathode and the electrolyte is optimized, the interface impedance is reduced, the cyclic stress is relieved, and the generation of interface cracks is inhibited; the prepared solid electrolyte membrane is high in ionic conductivity and stable in structure.

This invention relates to a biomass-based gel electrolyte membrane, its preparation method, and its application. The method includes preparing regenerated cellulose using a sol-gel method, adding sodium alginate and zinc chloride solution, and rapidly constructing a biomass-based composite gel electrolyte with a dual-network structure through metal ion coordination crosslinking. The biomass-based gel electrolyte membrane is obtained by adsorbing an aqueous electrolyte onto a gel membrane with a dual-network structure. This gel electrolyte membrane is then assembled with a zinc anode and a vanadium pentoxide cathode to obtain a zinc-ion battery. This invention features a simple method, readily available and inexpensive raw materials, easy product molding, convenient operation and control, and is conducive to industrial production. The prepared composite gel electrolyte membrane has a dual-network structure, exhibiting good stability, liquid retention capacity, and ionic conductivity, and demonstrates excellent cycle capacity and lifespan when applied to aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

The invention relates to a covalent organic framework modified cellulose nanofiber composite diaphragm which is characterized in that cellulose nanofiber is used as a matrix, an amide type or amine type covalent organic framework layer is grown on the surface in situ, the loading capacity of a covalent organic framework is regulated and controlled, and a hierarchical pore structure with gradient pore diameter is constructed; the preparation method comprises the following steps: synthesizing a covalent organic framework precursor bonded with an imine bond on the surface of cellulose nanofiber in situ by a one-pot method under an acidic mixed solution and a heating condition, and regulating and synchronously reducing to convert into an amine type covalent organic framework; or after the imine bond bonded covalent organic framework is synthesized in two stages, the imine bond bonded covalent organic framework is selectively converted into an amide type covalent organic framework through oxidation modification; the obtained cellulose nanofiber compound coated with the covalent organic framework is subjected to the processes of film forming, solvent replacement, supercritical drying and the like, and the composite diaphragm is obtained; the diaphragm has excellent electrolyte wettability, high liquid absorption rate, good ionic conductivity and thermal stability, and can promote uniform transmission of lithium ions and inhibit growth of lithium dendrites.

The invention belongs to the field of battery materials, and particularly relates to a high-adhesion battery diaphragm binder, slurry, a diaphragm and a preparation method of the high-adhesion battery diaphragm binder, and the high-adhesion battery diaphragm binder based on an acrylate copolymer is prepared through a specific reaction. And then, mixing the binder with two inorganic nano materials, namely a lithium-doped aluminum borosilicate nanowire and a sulfo-functionalized lithium zirconate titanate nanosheet, boehmite and / or aluminum oxide and the like, so as to prepare the high-adhesion diaphragm coating slurry. Wherein the nanowires provide mechanical enhancement and chemical crosslinking points, and the nanosheets improve the interface adhesion and the ionic conductivity. And finally, coating the slurry on the surface of a polypropylene diaphragm, and performing multi-stage drying and heat treatment to obtain the composite diaphragm. The diaphragm has extremely high coating bonding strength, excellent electrolyte wettability and good thermal dimensional stability and ionic conductivity, and is particularly suitable for high-energy-density lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries.

The invention provides a halide composite solid electrolyte, a preparation method thereof, a positive plate and a battery. The solid electrolyte comprises a porous SiO2 skeleton and a halide solid electrolyte, the SiO2 skeleton has a continuous and intercommunicated pore channel structure, the halide solid electrolyte partially fills the pore channel structure of SiO2 through in-situ growth, and the halide solid electrolyte partially wraps the surface of the SiO2 skeleton through in-situ growth. The interface of the SiO2 skeleton and the halide solid electrolyte comprises a transition layer; the mass content of the SiO2 skeleton is 1-30wt%, and the specific surface area is 50-500m < 2 > / g. The SiO2 skeleton can effectively reduce the contact area between halide electrolyte in the pore channel and environmental moisture, and delay the diffusion and permeation of moisture into the material. The high-bond-energy Si-O bond and the transition layer further inhibit hydrolysis of the halide electrolyte. The halide electrolyte forms a continuous ion transmission path in a continuous pore channel of SiO2, so that high ionic conductivity is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a sulfide solid electrolyte, and relates to the field of solid-state batteries, the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing Li2S-coated LiCl core-shell nanoparticles, and carrying out airflow collision grinding on the Li2S-coated LiCl core-shell nanoparticles and P2S5 nanopowder to obtain composite powder; the composite powder is placed in a reaction furnace for heating deposition, then heating crystallization is carried out, and Li6PS5Cl nanoparticles are obtained; the Li6PS5Cl nanoparticles are placed in a ball milling tank to be treated, then annealing treatment is conducted, and the sulfide solid electrolyte is obtained after treatment is completed. Through combination of the core-shell structure precursor and the vapor deposition technology, the core contradiction that nanocrystallization and high ionic conductivity are difficult to consider at the same time in the sulfide solid electrolyte field is effectively solved, and the problems of interface contact defects caused by micron-sized particles and crystal defects caused by mechanical refinement in a traditional process are effectively solved; the problem is solved through construction of Li2S-coated LiCl core-shell nanoparticles and activation treatment of airflow on collision and grinding.

The invention discloses an artificial interface layer, a preparation method thereof and an all-solid-state sodium battery, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage. The artificial interface layer is composed of Na3Sb and NaF, and the molar ratio of the Na3Sb to the NaF is 1: 3. The artificial interface layer composed of Na3Sb and NaF is constructed on the surface of the sodium metal negative electrode, so that collaborative optimization of interface chemical stability, ionic conductivity and mechanical strength is realized.

The invention discloses a modified inorganic solid electrolyte filler as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Belongs to the technical field of solid-state lithium metal batteries. The modified inorganic solid-state electrolyte filler comprises inorganic solid-state electrolyte powder and an organic-inorganic hybrid grafting layer grafted on the surface of the powder, the inorganic solid electrolyte powder is one or more of oxide, sulfide and halide; and the organic-inorganic hybrid grafting layer is formed by bonding maleimide-polyethylene glycol-silane (Mal-PEG-silane) with the surface of the filler and then covalently copolymerizing the bonded maleimide-polyethylene glycol-silane and the surface of the filler with polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). According to the modified inorganic solid electrolyte filler disclosed by the invention, a stable organic-inorganic hybrid structure is constructed through surface grafting and copolymerization, so that the dispersity of the filler in a polymer matrix can be remarkably enhanced, and the organic-inorganic interface compatibility and stability are improved; therefore, the ionic conductivity, the mechanical strength and the electrochemical cycle performance of the composite solid electrolyte are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a solid-state electrolyte membrane and a preparation method thereof, a solid-state battery and an electric device. The solid electrolyte membrane comprises polyoxyethylene, a lithium salt, a plasticizer and an inherent microporous polymer, the mass percentage of the plasticizer is 5%-15% and the mass percentage of the inherent microporous polymer is 5%-40% based on 100% of the mass of the polyoxyethylene. The plasticizer and the inherent microporous polymer in a specific ratio are added into the PEO matrix, and the ionic conductivity and the mechanical property of the solid electrolyte membrane are improved, so that the interface side reaction is inhibited, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved.

The invention discloses a coated sulfide solid electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The coated sulfide solid electrolyte comprises sulfide solid electrolyte particles and a surface hydrophobic layer coating the sulfide solid electrolyte particles. Thus, the hydrophobic solvent and the sulfide solid electrolyte are tightly combined through intermolecular interaction force (O-S, S-S and I-S), the surface of the sulfide solid electrolyte is wrapped with the hydrophobic solvent, a surface hydrophobic layer of the sulfide solid electrolyte is formed, high ionic conductivity and good processability of the sulfide solid electrolyte are kept, and meanwhile, the surface hydrophobic layer of the sulfide solid electrolyte is formed. The reactivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte and air is effectively inhibited, and the core bottleneck that the sulfide solid electrolyte is sensitive to air and is easier to lose efficacy after being refined is systematically solved. The synergistic improvement of stability, interface performance and process feasibility is realized, and a key material support is provided for commercialization of sulfide all-solid-state batteries.

The invention discloses a sulfide solid electrolyte of a lithium ion battery, comprising: a sulfide solid electrolyte matrix comprising sulfur; the surface of the sulfide solid electrolyte matrix is coated with the coating layer, and the coating layer is formed by substitution reaction of metal chloride, 1-undecyl mercaptan and sulfur. The sulfide solid electrolyte disclosed by the invention is a sulfide solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and good interface stability at the same time. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the sulfide solid electrolyte, a composite sulfide solid electrolyte and a preparation method of the composite sulfide solid electrolyte.

The invention provides a gradient-doped single-layer coated lithium-rich lithium ferrite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery positive electrode lithium supplementing materials. According to the invention, a lithium source and an iron source are sintered at a low temperature to form an inner core, and then gradient doping and coating are realized through a ball milling process and dynamic CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition). The material takes Li5FeO4 as an inner core, element distribution is optimized through a gradient doping technology, and a single-layer coating design is adopted, so that the air stability and the ionic conductivity of the material can be remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the loss of active lithium during first charge and discharge of a battery is compensated. When being used as a positive electrode lithium supplementing agent and matched with a silicon-carbon negative electrode, the lithium ion battery positive electrode lithium supplementing agent can improve the initial coulombic efficiency of a lithium ion battery to be greater than or equal to 88% and enhance the cycling stability.

The invention provides a lithium ion battery negative electrode material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The lithium ion battery negative electrode material is a porous silicon carbon material coated with lithium phosphate. The preparation method is simple and efficient, lithium phosphate salt is uniformly distributed on the surface of the porous silicon carbon material through solvent wet coating, the lithium phosphate salt is decomposed into LiF and LixPyOz through sintering and heating, and LiF and LixPyOz coating layers are generated in situ on the surface of the porous silicon carbon negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery, so that the porous silicon carbon material uniformly coated with LiF and LixPyOz is obtained, the advantages of LiF and LixPyOz are combined, and the porous silicon carbon material has the advantages that the porous silicon carbon material can be used for preparing the lithium ion battery negative electrode material through cooperation of LiF and LixPyOz; the silicon-carbon material prepared by the method has the characteristics of high strength, high stability and high ionic conductivity, can effectively inhibit volume expansion of the silicon-carbon material in the charge-discharge process, block penetration of electrons and reduce capacity loss of the silicon-carbon material in the reaction process, is used for manufacturing a lithium ion battery and remarkably improves the cycling stability of the battery.

The invention provides a halide solid electrolyte, a preparation method thereof and an all-solid-state battery, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The method comprises the steps that LiX and TMXb are mixed in an inert gas environment, precursor powder is obtained, TM represents at least three transition metal elements, X represents a halogen element, and b is larger than or equal to 2 and smaller than or equal to 7; then carrying out non-crystallization treatment on the precursor powder to obtain a solid electrolyte powder precursor; and finally, sintering the solid electrolyte powder precursor in an inert gas environment to obtain the halide solid electrolyte with the molecular formula of Li3TMX3 + a, and a represents the average value of valence states of transition metal elements. Through the method, the prepared halide solid electrolyte has high ionic conductivity, high electronic conductivity and excellent interface stability and electrochemical stability to a positive electrode material.

The invention belongs to the field of batteries, and discloses a preparation method of a sulfide solid electrolyte, the chemical composition is LiaAxPSbBy (B is one of F, Cl and Br). The preparation method comprises the following steps: ball-milling and mixing a lithium source, an A-containing compound, a phosphorus source I and a sulfur source to obtain a first mixture for later use; grinding and mixing a sulfur source, a phosphorus source II and an M-containing compound, and adding a carbon material to obtain a second mixture; and finally, wrapping the first mixture into the second mixture, sintering, and grinding the sintered product to obtain the sulfide solid electrolyte. The low-cost raw materials are adopted, preparation can be completed in a common air environment, the production process is simplified, the preparation cost and equipment requirements are reduced, and the prepared electrolyte has relatively high ionic conductivity and relatively good total battery cycle stability.

The application belongs to the technical field of secondary batteries, and relates to a graphene-based reference solid-state battery and a preparation method thereof. The graphene-based reference solid-state battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a solid-state electrolyte. The positive electrode, the negative electrode and the solid-state electrolyte film all contain multilayer graphene oxide film fragments. The interlayer spacing of the multilayer graphene oxide film is 4-20 angstroms. A small amount of liquid electrolyte is arranged between the solid-state electrolyte film and the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The graphene-based reference solid-state battery has an ion rapid transportation channel constructed by the multilayer graphene oxide in the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the solid-state electrolyte. The lithium ion diffusion and ion conductivity in the positive electrode and the negative electrode are significantly improved. The charge and discharge performance is improved. High energy density, long cycle life and high safety are achieved.

This invention provides a functional lithium metal anode, its preparation method, and a solid-state battery. The lithium metal composite anode of this invention has a three-layer structure, comprising: a current collector, an active material layer, and a functional layer. The active material layer is a lithium metal and / or lithium alloy layer. The functional layer contains boron nitride nanotubes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a lithium salt, and a binder. In the functional layer, the boron nitride nanotubes are nanoscale fibrous materials with high mechanical strength, providing numerous active sites, improving the ionic conductivity of the interface layer, and effectively inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites. The MOFs material has a three-dimensional porous structure, capable of storing a large number of lithium ions and regulating lithium ion deposition. The synergistic effect of the boron nitride nanotubes loaded with MOFs material improves the compatibility of the lithium metal anode with various solid-state electrolytes, reduces the generation of side reactions, and simultaneously increases the cycle performance and lifespan of the lithium metal solid-state battery.

The application provides a fluorinated ether solvent and an electrolyte applied to energy storage batteries, especially lithium metal batteries, and the fluorinated ether solvent has a structure shown in formula I. By introducing at least one fluorine atom at both ends of an ether molecular chain, the fluorinated ether molecule has excellent salt solubility, the introduction of the fluorine atom can effectively reduce the electron cloud density of ether oxygen to improve the oxidation stability of the ether molecule, and excellent cycle stability of the high-voltage lithium metal battery is achieved; meanwhile, the locally strong polar fluorinated end group can interact with the cation of the salt to improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, and the rapid charge-discharge performance of the high-voltage lithium metal battery is improved.

The application belongs to the field of rechargeable secondary batteries, and particularly relates to a water-based zinc ion battery capable of working in a wide temperature range, which is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte. The positive electrode material is an n-type organic substance; the negative electrode is a metal zinc foil or a metal zinc powder; the electrolyte takes deionized water as a main solvent, takes inorganic lithium salt or inorganic sodium salt and a small amount of organic zinc salt as solutes, has the characteristics of high boiling point and low freezing point, and shows good ion conductivity in a relatively wide temperature range (-40 DEG C to 100 DEG C). Different from traditional zinc ion batteries, the zinc ion battery proposed in the application can stably work in the temperature range of -40 DEG C to 100 DEG C, shows good rate performance and cycle stability, and can be used for large-scale energy storage devices in extreme environments such as military and aerospace.

Electrodes and rechargeable lithium batteries including the electrodes are disclosed. The electrode may include an electrode current collector and a multi-layered active material layer thereon. The multi-layered active material layer may include first to third active material layers sequentially stacked on the electrode current collector. The first active material layer may include a first active material. The second active material layer may include a second active material and a first composite conductive material. The third active material layer may include a third active material and a second composite conductive material. The first composite conductive material may include a first carbon nanostructure and a first polymer. The second composite conductive material may include a second carbon nanostructure and a second polymer. The first polymer and the second polymer may be different from each other. The first polymer may have higher ionic conductivity than the second polymer.