Ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and battery cells

a technology of active metal anodes and ionically conductive membranes, which is applied in the direction of non-aqueous electrolyte cells, cell components, sustainable manufacturing/processing, etc., can solve the problems of failure of rechargeable lithium metal batteries, and battery short circuit, etc., to achieve high ionic conductivity, facilitate cell fabrication, and high conductive

Inactive Publication Date: 2008-03-06
POLYPLUS BATTERY CO INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0013] The present invention provides ionically conductive membranes for decoupling the active metal anode and cathode sides of an active metal electrochemical cell, and methods for their fabrication. The membranes may be incorporated in active metal negative electrode (anode) structures and electrochemical devices and components, including battery and fuel cells. The membranes are highly conductive for ions of the active metal, but are otherwise substantially impervious. They are chemically stable on one side to the active metal of the anode (e.g., lithium), and on the other side to the cathode, other battery cell components such as solid or liquid phase electrolytes, including organic or aqueous liquid electrolytes, ambi...

Problems solved by technology

Unfortunately, no rechargeable lithium metal batteries have yet succeeded in the market place.
The failure of rechargeable lithium metal batteries is largely due to cell cycling problems.
This causes an internal short circuit in the battery, rendering the battery unusable after a relative...

Method used

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  • Ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and battery cells
  • Ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and battery cells
  • Ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and battery cells

Examples

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example 1

Impedance Measurements Using LIPON in Composite Protective Layer

[0103] Approximately 0.75 microns of LiPON was RF sputter-deposited onto copper foil samples in a MRC 8671 Sputter Deposition system. Some of the copper foil samples were coated with an additional layer of Cu3N (approximately 0.9 microns) by RF Magnetron sputtering of a copper target in a nitrogen environment. One LiPON / Cu sample was transferred to a vacuum evaporator, and approximately 3 to 7 microns of lithium metal was evaporated directly onto the LiPON surface. Another Cu3N / LiPON / Cu sample was coated with a similar thickness of lithium. The impedance for the unprotected LiPON / Cu sample is shown in FIG. 7A; the evaporation of lithium onto the LiPON surface led to a dramatic rise in the resistance of the sample, which is undesirable for electrochemical devices. The beneficial effects of the protective Cu3N film is seen in FIG. 7B; the impedance is dramatically lower in this case.

example 2

Impedance Measurements Using Glass-Ceramic Active Metal Ion Conductor (OHARA) in Composite Protective Layer

[0104] Samples of Li+ conductive glass-ceramic plates were received from OHARA Corporation. Approximately 3 to 7 microns of lithium was evaporated directly onto the OHARA glass-ceramic plate. The deleterious reaction of lithium with the electrolyte is seen in FIG. 8A; the impedance of the sample is quite large, approximately 40,000 Ωcm2. A film of Cu3N (about 0.9 microns thick) was RF Magnetron sputter-deposited onto a second sample of glass-ceramic plate, with subsequent evaporation of about 3 to 7 microns of lithium. The beneficial effect of the Cu3N film can be seen in FIG. 8B; the impedance of the glass-ceramic is dramatically improved relative to the plate without the Cu3N film. Superimposition of FIGS. 8A and 8B in FIG. 8C further illustrates the dramatic improvement in performance for the Cu3N protected plate. The ionically conductive nature of the protective film is se...

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Abstract

Disclosed are ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and methods for their fabrication. The membranes may be incorporated in active metal negative electrode (anode) structures and battery cells. In accordance with the invention, the membrane has the desired properties of high overall ionic conductivity and chemical stability towards the anode, the cathode and ambient conditions encountered in battery manufacturing. The membrane is capable of protecting an active metal anode from deleterious reaction with other battery components or ambient conditions while providing a high level of ionic conductivity to facilitate manufacture and/or enhance performance of a battery cell in which the membrane is incorporated.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 772,228, filed Feb. 3, 2004, titled IONICALLY CONDUCTIVE MEMBRANES FOR PROTECTION OF ACTIVE METAL ANODES AND BATTERY CELLS, now pending, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 731,771 filed Dec. 5, 2003, titled IONICALLY CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES FOR PROTECTION OF ACTIVE METAL ANODES, now pending, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 686,189 filed Oct. 14, 2003, titled IONICALLY CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES FOR PROTECTION OF ACTIVE METAL ANODES, now pending, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 418,899 filed Oct. 15, 2002, titled IONICALLY CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES FOR PROTECTION OF ANODES AND ELECTROLYTES. [0002] This application also claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 511,710 filed Oct. 14, 2003, titled IONICALLY CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES FOR PROTECTI...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M2/16H01M50/497
CPCH01M2/16Y10T29/49108H01M6/18H01M6/181H01M6/182H01M6/185H01M6/187H01M6/188H01M10/0525H01M10/056H01M10/0562H01M10/0565H01M2300/0065H01M2300/0071H01M2300/008H01M2300/0094Y02E60/122H01M2/145Y10T29/49115H01M2/1673Y02P70/50Y02E60/10H01M50/46H01M50/497
Inventor VISCO, STEVEN J.NIMON, YEVGENIY S.KATZ, BRUCE D.
Owner POLYPLUS BATTERY CO INC
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