66 results about "Vapor pressure" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of natural gas hydrates, in particular to a DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) correction-based multiphase flow system hydrate inhibitor loss prediction method, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, acquiring water activity and vaporization enthalpy of a sample under target salinity and ratio through two DSC tests, and regression a thermodynamic model according to the water activity and vaporization enthalpy to obtain a liquid-phase activity coefficient; the saturated vapor pressure of the inhibitor is calculated through the vaporization enthalpy obtained through DSC inversion and an anchor point method, a component distribution coefficient is obtained through combination of Poynting pressure correction and a gas phase fugacity coefficient, and a Rachford-Rice flash evaporation equation is solved to obtain an equilibrium phasor and composition; and then a first-order total mass transfer model is introduced to correct the actual vaporization loss, and droplet entrainment correlation is superposed to obtain the total flow loss of the inhibitor under the multiphase flow system. According to the method, the total flow loss of the hydrate inhibitor can be accurately calculated under the working conditions of high pressure, low temperature and salt-containing multiphase flow, so that a theoretical support is provided for adjusting an injection strategy of the inhibitor in real time.

The present application relates to natural gas hydrate technical field, especially relates to a kind of hydrate inhibitor loss prediction method of multiphase flow system based on DSC correction, first by two kinds of DSC test obtains the water activity and vaporization enthalpy of sample under target salinity and proportion, and accordingly regression thermodynamic model obtains liquid phase activity coefficient;Again, the saturated vapor pressure of inhibitor is calculated with DSC inversion vaporization enthalpy and anchor point method, combined with Poynting pressure correction and gas fugacity coefficient obtains component distribution coefficient, solves Rachford-Rice flash equation and obtains equilibrium phase and composition;Subsequently, the first-order overall mass transfer model is introduced to correct actual vaporization loss, and the total loss of inhibitor flow under multiphase flow system is obtained by superimposing droplet entrainment correlation.The present application can accurately calculate the total flow loss of hydrate inhibitor under high pressure, low temperature and salt-containing multiphase flow conditions, thereby providing theoretical support for real-time adjustment of inhibitor injection strategy.

The components of salt from the granules can be efficiently extracted through evaporation. During the treatment of the granules, temperatures can be allowed to approach or exceed the boiling point of one or more of the salt components, preferably in an oxidizing medium. The temperature can be maintained high enough so that the salt content exerts an appreciable vapor pressure and can be sustained for a sufficient time to allow most, all, or substantially all of the salt content to evaporate and be carried away from the furnace in the combustion gases. The evaporated salt can then be condensed and collected.

A method for performing reproducible, accurate, and virtually temperature-independent quantitative measurements of one or more high-vapor-pressure elements in a liquid metal or alloy sample using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). This method introduces one or more selectively reactive species and a virtually inert carrier gas to modify the local environment at the LIBS sampling point of the liquid metal or alloy and its surroundings. This results in a significant and immediate reduction of vapor effects on the LIBS signals of high-vapor-pressure species in molten metals or alloys, partially eliminating the temperature dependence of these elements and their dependence on spurious environmental factors, thereby reducing the associated uncertainty in LIBS measurements.

The application discloses a method for determining a reasonable displacement pressure of liquid carbon dioxide phase change displacement of coal seam gas, and specifically comprises the following steps: S1, performing an isothermal adsorption experiment on a coal sample of a target coal seam; S2, respectively calculating virtual saturated vapor pressures of CO2 and CH4 gas; S3, establishing a relationship between gas adsorption potential and gas adsorption equilibrium pressure; S4, respectively calculating densities of CO2 and CH4; S5, respectively calculating adsorption spaces of CO2 and CH4 in a coal body; S6, establishing a relationship formula between adsorption potentials of the two kinds of gas and the adsorption spaces; S7, determining a reasonable displacement pressure; S8, determining a reasonable displacement pressure; S9, calculating a CO2 percolation coefficient; S10, determining a reasonable percolation pressure; and S11, determining a reasonable injection pressure. The method provides scientific guidance for popularization and application of the liquid CO2 phase change displacement technology of CH4 in a coal seam.

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical separation, and discloses a separation method of a high-boiling-point component in high-carbon aldehyde production. The method is characterized in that 0.05%-2.0% of functional ionic liquid is added into a rectification system, and the apparent vapor pressure of impurities is directionally inhibited and the relative volatility is remarkably improved by utilizing the selective hydrogen-bond interaction between anions of the functional ionic liquid and hydroxyl / carbonyl in the impurities. According to the method, the ionic liquid with a molecular recognition function is introduced, the phase equilibrium relation between the high-carbon aldehyde and the high-boiling-point impurities is reconstructed from the thermodynamic essence level, the inherent limitation that traditional rectification depends on weak physical property differences is broken through, efficient, low-energy-consumption and high-stability purification of the high-carbon aldehyde product is achieved, the ionic liquid can be recycled, and the method is suitable for industrial production. The invention provides a novel high-carbon aldehyde purification method which has the advantages of novel principle, simplicity and convenience in operation, high efficiency, energy conservation and industrial feasibility.

The invention relates to the technical field of temperature standard devices, and discloses an adjustable multi-fixed-point calibration device and method based on a water-gas-liquid two-phase equilibrium state, and the device comprises a sealed cavity, a pressure sensing unit, a heating adjustment assembly, a thermometer trap and a heat exchange medium. Pure water is injected through vacuum pumping to form gas-liquid two-phase balance, saturated vapor pressure is measured in real time through the pressure sensing unit, a reference temperature value is obtained in combination with the calculation module, and multi-point temperature calibration is achieved. The heating adjusting assembly performs segmented temperature control, test points are rapidly switched, and a thermometer well is filled with a heat exchange medium to ensure temperature consistency. The temperature calibration device can provide high-precision and adjustable multi-point temperature calibration, and is suitable for deviation characteristic analysis and adjustment of various thermometers.

Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition, comprising a gas phase and a condensed phase, wherein the gas phase comprises a molecule; the condensed phase comprises the molecule; the gas phase has a temperature and a pressure; the molecule has a boiling point at the pressure of the gas phase; the boiling point of the molecule is less than the temperature of the gas phase; the molecule has a vapor pressure at the temperature of the gas phase; the vapor pressure of the molecule is less than the pressure of the gas phase; the condensed phase consists of one or both of a solid phase and a liquid phase; the condensed phase is suspended in the gas phase; and the condensed phase has a surface-area-to-volume ratio of at least 500 per meter.

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage and release, in particular to a hydrogen storage and release system for a low-saturated vapor pressure liquid hydrogen storage carrier, which comprises a heat exchange unit, a feeding and discharging unit, a hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen release unit and a separation unit, the heat exchange unit is connected with the hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen desorption unit and the separation unit through pipelines and used for adjusting the temperature of materials in the units, and the feeding and discharging unit is connected with the hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen desorption unit and the separation unit through pipelines and used for adjusting and controlling conveying of a hydrogen storage carrier and a hydrogen-rich carrier; according to the design scheme, the liquid organic hydrogen storage carrier with high saturated vapor pressure is selected, the hydrogen storage system with the low-pressure hydrogenation characteristic and the hydrogen desorption system with microwave heating serving as the only heat source are coupled, the higher energy utilization rate can be achieved, the high selectivity of the hydrogen desorption reaction process can be achieved, the separation and purification process is simplified, and the hydrogen desorption efficiency is improved. And high-purity hydrogen can be released at lower cost.

An acidic gas-absorbing liquid that reversibly absorbs and desorbs carbon dioxide, wherein the acidic gas-absorbing liquid contains an organic solvent and an amine compound, and the organic solvent has a Log S value of 0 or less and a vapor pressure of 0.1 to 300.0 Pa at 25°C.

The application discloses a tin-lead-antimony vacuum separation content prediction method fusing ANN enhanced mechanism and SVM residual compensation, and belongs to the field of non-ferrous pyrometallurgical technology.The application firstly constructs a ternary mechanism model based on gas-liquid phase equilibrium theory, and utilizes ANN to establish the complex mapping relationship between the component mass fraction, activity coefficient and pure metal vapor pressure in the mechanism model and characteristic variables;secondly, aiming at the prediction residual of the enhanced mechanism model, a data-driven residual compensation model based on SVM is constructed;finally, the Adam optimizer is used to efficiently optimize the ANN model parameters, and the particle swarm optimizer is used to globally optimize the hyperparameters of the SVM model.The application can accurately and reliably predict the tin, lead and antimony contents in the liquid phase after tin-lead-antimony vacuum separation, provides a strong reference for real-time regulation and control of tin-lead-antimony vacuum separation process parameters, and has important significance for improving the production stability and efficiency of the metallurgical separation process.

The application provides a gaseous sulfur foam flocculation precipitator and application thereof, and comprises at least one of mercaptan, thioether, ammonium sulfide, organic amine and carbon dioxide. The gaseous sulfur foam flocculation precipitator provided by the application is added in H2S gas, and the pressure is not higher than the saturated vapor pressure of each component, so that the sulfur foam can be rapidly agglomerated and large sulfur aggregation particles are formed in the process of generating the sulfur foam, and the sulfur aggregation particles are rapidly precipitated in the reaction process, thereby effectively avoiding the adhesion and blockage of the sulfur, avoiding the continuous cleaning of the reactor, and ensuring the stability of the device operation.

A method allows for reproducible, precise and substantially temperature-independent quantitative measurement of one or more high vapor pressure elements in a liquid metal or alloy sample using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) or other similar methods. The method introduces one or more selectively reactive substances and a substantially inert carrier gas to alter the local environment at and around the sampling point of the liquid metal or alloy. This results in a significant and rapid reduction in the vapor effect of the LIBS signal on the high vapor pressure species in the metal or alloy melt, partially eliminating the temperature dependency of the high vapor pressure elements and their dependency on false environmental factors, thereby reducing the associated uncertainty in LIBS measurements.

The invention discloses a regulation and control method for realizing rapid and uniform temperature change of a low-temperature liquid cavitation experiment table, and belongs to the field of low-temperature liquid cavitation experiments. The implementation method comprises the following steps: constructing the relationship between the ultralow-temperature liquid environment temperature T1 and the saturated vapor pressure pv; when the ultralow-temperature liquid needs to be cooled, a target saturated vapor pressure value ptarget corresponding to the target liquid environment temperature value Ttarget is obtained according to the relation; the environment pressure is adjusted to ptarget, the ultralow-temperature liquid can automatically evaporate and absorb heat, and then the temperature T1 of the ultralow-temperature liquid is reduced to a target value Ttarget; when the ultralow-temperature liquid needs to be heated, according to the relation between the ultralow-temperature liquid environment temperature T1 and the saturated vapor pressure pv, a target saturated vapor pressure value ptarget corresponding to the target liquid environment temperature value Ttarget is obtained, and the environment pressure is stably kept at the target value ptarget; normal-temperature helium is introduced into the bottom of the ultralow-temperature liquid; and rapid temperature rise and temperature regulation and control of the ultralow-temperature liquid are realized by utilizing the principle of convective heat exchange.

The application discloses a kind of low temperature heat conducting oil based on ionic liquid and preparation method, including: ionic liquid eutectic component 90-98 parts by weight, cleaning dispersant 2-10 parts;Ionic liquid eutectic component is the eutectic of binary or multi-ion liquid mixture.Formed.The application has higher safety, product toxicity is small, can obtain raw material is wide, low in price;Prepared heat conducting oil thermal stability is good, freezing temperature can be as low as-100 DEG C, low temperature viscosity is small, vapor pressure is extremely low, thermal efficiency is high, and cold quantity transmission efficiency is excellent, and low temperature performance is excellent.In addition to the above performance advantages, it also has the advantages of more than 10 years of service life, not easy to coke, and can reduce pollutant emissions, energy saving and environmental protection, widely used, can also be used as ultra-low temperature electrolyte and other low temperature working fluid, etc..

A two-phase immersion-cooling system (1), adapted for accommodating and cooling at least one heat source (H), includes a container (10), a pressure vessel (21), and a vapor compressor (22), the container includes a liquid-storing area (11) and a vapor area (12), the liquid-phase coolant (81) is configured for in thermal contact with at least one heat source and to be vaporized into gas-phase coolant (82) towards the vapor area and mixed with air (831) and water vapor (832) in the vapor area into a mixed gas (83). The pressure vessel is connected to the vapor area via a gas channel (31), the vapor compressor is disposed on the gas channel and configured to draw the mixed gas in the vapor area so as to decrease pressure of the vapor area and to inject the mixed gas into the pressure vessel so as to increase pressure of the pressure vessel.

This invention utilizes mechanical vapor compression and / or thermal vapor compression, integrating compression loops across multiple process stages. A sequential network of compressors is used to increase the pressure and condensation temperature of vapor within each process stage as an internal vapor flow, and as an inter-vapor flow branching between process stages. Because available vapor is shared between compressor stages, the number of compressors can be reduced, improving economics. By separating vapor between compressor stages to balance the vapor mass flow rate across multiple process stages in the incremental compressor stages, the entire vapor compression system can be customized to individual process energy requirements and adapt to dynamic fluctuations in process conditions.

The invention relates to the technical field of liquid density measurement, in particular to a closed density sensor which comprises a pipe body, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe, the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe are fixedly installed on the two sides of the pipe body, and a backpressure adjusting assembly and a second detection assembly are fixedly arranged on the side face of the second connecting pipe. A rectification one-way assembly and a first detection assembly are fixedly arranged on the side face of the first connecting pipe, the second detection assembly and the first detection assembly are the same in structure, the backpressure adjusting assembly comprises a valve body, and a mounting cavity, a matching cavity and a guiding cavity are formed in the valve body. By arranging the back pressure adjusting assembly, the fluid pressure in the whole measuring pipe section is actively maintained to be a set value higher than the liquid saturated vapor pressure and the gas precipitation critical pressure, precipitation of dissolved gas is prevented from the physical source, it is ensured that pure single-phase liquid exists in the measuring cavity all the time, and the measuring accuracy is improved. Therefore, signal fluctuation caused by bubbles is eliminated, and a stable differential pressure signal of real liquid density is reflected.

A metal vapor pressure detection device and detection method includes a metal vapor pressure detection mechanism (3) arranged outside the metal vapor pressure detection chamber (1); the metal vapor pressure detection mechanism (3) includes a displacement generation system and a displacement detection system arranged in the displacement generation system; the displacement generation system includes a displacement slider sleeve (5), a displacement slider (4) arranged in the displacement slider sleeve (5), and a pressure balance spring (6) connected to the displacement slider (4). In the metal vapor pressure detection device, the metal vapor pressure can be directly obtained, providing a basis for the online control and adjustment of the metal vapor pressure.

Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition, comprising a gas phase and a condensed phase, wherein the gas phase comprises a molecule; the condensed phase comprises the molecule; the gas phase has a temperature and a pressure; the molecule has a boiling point at the pressure of the gas phase; the boiling point of the molecule is less than the temperature of the gas phase; the molecule has a vapor pressure at the temperature of the gas phase; the vapor pressure of the molecule is less than the pressure of the gas phase; the condensed phase consists of one or both of a solid phase and a liquid phase; the condensed phase is suspended in the gas phase; and the condensed phase has a surface-area-to-volume ratio of at least 500 per meter.

A low-temperature supercooling perforated plate flow measuring device is characterized in that a liquid nitrogen supply device is communicated and connected with a low-temperature supercooling device, a measuring system is in electric signal connection with the low-temperature supercooling device, and high-pressure and high-temperature liquid nitrogen in a pipeline exchanges heat with normal-pressure and low-temperature liquid nitrogen in a normal-pressure liquid nitrogen storage tank through a coil heat exchanger; and the high-pressure liquid nitrogen in the pipeline is subjected to normal-pressure liquid nitrogen evaporation and heat absorption so as to be converted into a supercooled state, so that the saturated vapor pressure of the high-pressure liquid nitrogen is reduced, the differential pressure flowmeter has higher pressure drop margin when being used for throttling and depressurizing flow measurement, and cavitation is reduced. Key physical parameters such as the temperature and pressure of fluid in a pipeline and orifice plate throttling pressure difference can be obtained in one experiment, the problem that gas-liquid two-phase flow is prone to occurring when the low-temperature fluid is measured through a differential pressure type flowmeter is solved, and accurate measurement of the flow of the low-temperature fluid is achieved; the device can be applied to flow measurement of low-temperature fluid such as low-temperature liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for filling a narrow tube with a closed end with a liquid includes the steps of injecting a liquid volatile material into the tube; sealing the tube and connecting a vacuum forming device; operating the vacuum forming device to create a negative pressure so that the internal pressure of the tube is equal to or less than the vapor pressure of the volatile material, thereby vaporizing the liquid volatile material; and filling the tube with an injected liquid by applying pressure. In the vaporizing step of the liquid volatile material, the negative pressure applied by the vacuum forming device expels air present inside the tube to the outside of the tube. In the filling step of the injected liquid, when the pressure applied inside the tube by filling reaches or exceeds the vapor pressure of the volatile material, condensation of the gaseous volatile material occurs, reducing the volume of the volatile material, and the injected liquid fills the space inside the tube formerly occupied by the gaseous volatile material.

Monitoring unit for a temperature control system (2) for a mold (3) and / or a forming machine (4), wherein the monitoring unit (1) includes an input module (5) and a processor (6), and wherein the input module (5) is configured to receive a first input, which represents a thermodynamic quantity, in particular a temperature, and / or a composition of a temperature control medium, and to receive a second input, which represents a pressure of the temperature control medium, wherein the processor (6) is configured to compare the minimum pressure with the vapor pressure and to generate an output signal if the minimum pressure is lower than the vapor pressure and / or lower than the vapor pressure plus a defined offset.

A computer-implemented method for operating a shut-off device for a fluid includes: using a mathematical model to calculate a current static fluid pressure at a location of interest within a shut-off device as a function of at least one measured state variable of the fluid; determining a vapor pressure of the fluid; comparing a current static fluid pressure with a cavitation limit value which is dependent on a vapor pressure of the fluid; and in the event of the calculated current static fluid pressure falling below the cavitation limit value dependent on the vapor pressure of the fluid, signaling the presence or expected presence of cavitation at the location of interest of the shut-off device. A related shut-off device is also disclosed.

A source vessel for use in a semiconductor processing system to supply precursor materials by providing enhanced control over vapor pressures. The source vessel includes a housing or vessel defining a chamber for holding a volume of precursor in a liquid state. The source vessel further includes a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of a surface of the liquid-state precursor that is presently contained within the chamber of the housing. The temperature sensor may take the form of a temperature measurement device such as a thermocouple on a float or a non-contact temperature measurement device such as an infrared (IR) temperature sensor with a line-of-sight to the liquid's surface.

The present application provides a kind of temperature variation cavitation numerical calculation method considering turbulence correction and energy-phase coupling, it is related to cavitation numerical calculation technical field, the present application obtains fluid unit temperature, current pressure, mixed phase density, flow velocity vector, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate;Static saturated vapor pressure is established by fluid unit temperature, combined with the compensation of the generation of dynamic critical vaporization pressure of turbulence pressure fluctuation characteristics;Based on turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate, establish the reference item of moving turbulent viscosity, perform product substitution operation on it using density attenuation characteristics to generate local effective turbulent viscosity;According to the deviation of current pressure and dynamic critical vaporization pressure, establish phase change driven pressure difference, output phase change mass transfer rate and convert into phase change energy source term;Subsection analysis temperature evolution sensitivity, generate energy damping factor by mixed phase bulk heat capacity reduction process;Combined with flow velocity vector, joint iteration is solved and flow field distribution data is output, so as to improve the precision of temperature variation cavitation numerical calculation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid material preparation, and particularly relates to pentlandite synthesized through a solid phase method and a preparation method and application of the pentlandite. Iron powder, nickel powder and a sulfur source are used as reactants, and the pentlandite is obtained through multi-stage high-temperature solid-phase reaction treatment. The sulfur source comprises iron sulfide or nickel sulfide. According to the method, iron sulfide or nickel sulfide is adopted as a raw material, the raw material is easy to obtain and low in cost, the production process is green and environment-friendly, no pollution by-product is generated, sulfur powder with low melting point and high vapor pressure used in a traditional synthesis method is replaced, and potential experimental safety hazards caused by high-pressure sulfur are avoided; the pentlandite (Fe, Ni) 9S8 is prepared through a multi-stage high-temperature solid-phase reaction treatment (one-time programmed heating) mode, the method is efficient, simple and easy to operate, the product purity is high, and meanwhile industrial scale production adaptation can be carried out on the basis of the method.

A process for extracting volatile constituents from a mass of regolith, particularly of lunar or Martian origin, comprising the following steps: progressive heating of the regolith leading to selective degassing of the various volatile constituents over time, according to the temperature reached by said regolith, with those having the highest vapor pressures degassing before those having lower vapor pressures; selection of at least a first temperature range (T1, T2) during which a gaseous mixture enriched in at least one valuable constituent and depleted in at least one undesirable constituent is collected, notably by degassing the regolith, relative to the initial concentrations of these constituents in the regolith. (Simplified figure: Fig. 2)

The invention relates to the field of compressors, and discloses a friction pair assembly and a compressor. Friction interfaces of the friction pair assembly are filled with the refrigerating machine oil composition added with the specific ionic liquid additive. The ionic liquid additive provided by the invention contains specific anions and cations optimized and improved based on a guanidine structure, and the specific anions and the cations are synergistically applied to the refrigerating machine oil, so that excellent wear resistance and metal stability can be shown, and the ionic liquid additive is suitable for friction pairs formed by various materials and has excellent thermal stability; the ionic liquid additive has the non-volatile characteristic, almost has no vapor pressure, has the characteristics of odorlessness, non-combustibility and the like, is environment-friendly, has good oil solubility in the base oil, and is suitable for being used as an anti-wear additive of the refrigerating machine oil; formula 2.

A system includes a vacuum chamber, and a substrate in the vacuum chamber includes a target surface. At least one effusion cell is in the vacuum chamber, wherein the effusion cell contains a solid metal-organic precursor compound with a vapor pressure of less than about 10−2 Torr at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 300° C. The effusion cell is configured to sublime the solid metal-organic precursor compound at a sublimation temperature greater than about 0° C. and less than about 200° C. such that a stream of metal particles from the solid metal-organic precursor compound emanate from the effusion cell are directed toward to the target surface of the substrate to form a coating thereon.