91results about How to "Reduce electrical conductivity" patented technology

A rechargeable lithium cell comprising a cathode having a cathode active material, an anode having an anode active material, a porous separator electronically separating the anode and the cathode, a non-flammable quasi-solid electrolyte in contact with the cathode and the anode, wherein the electrolyte contains a lithium salt dissolved in a first organic liquid solvent with a concentration sufficiently high so that the electrolyte exhibits a vapor pressure less than 0.01 kPa when measured at 20° C., a flash point at least 20 degrees Celsius higher than the flash point of the first organic liquid solvent alone, a flash point higher than 150° C., or no flash point. This battery cell is non-flammable and safe, has a long cycle life, high capacity, and high energy density.

An electrical circuit for providing electrical power for use in powering electronic devices, such as monitors, televisions, white goods, data centers, and telecom circuit boards, is described herein. The electrical circuit includes a voltage reduction circuit and a rectifier circuit for delivering input power signal to the voltage reduction circuit. The voltage reduction circuit is configured to receive an input power signal and generate an output power signal at a lower voltage level. The rectifier circuit includes a full wave bridge rectifier coupled to the electrical power source, a Zener based charging circuit coupled to the full wave bridge rectifier, a voltage divider coupled to the Zener based charging circuit and the full wave bridge rectifier, and an output terminal coupled to the full wave bridge rectifier, the Zener based charging circuit, and the voltage divider for delivering the input power signal to the voltage reduction circuit.

An electrical circuit for providing electrical power for use in powering electronic devices, such as monitors, televisions, white goods, data centers, and telecom circuit boards, is described herein. The electrical circuit includes a voltage reduction circuit cell that includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a switching circuit, and a hold capacitor. The switching circuit includes a plurality of switching devices that are coupled to the first and the second capacitors for delivering power from an input terminal to an output terminal. The plurality of switching devices includes at least two switching devices that are coupled to ground. The voltage reduction circuit cell also includes a controller for operating the switching circuit in a plurality of operational modes to deliver an output power signal at a desired voltage level.

The present application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which includes a cathode having a cathode active material layer, an anode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the cathode active material layer includes secondary particles of a lithium phosphate compound having olivine structure, an average particle diameter A of primary particles constituting the secondary particles is 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and a ratio B/A of a pore diameter B of the secondary particles to the average particle diameter A of the primary particles is 0.10 or more and 0.90 or less.

A substrate on which a plurality of pixel electrodes are disposed is prepared. An organic electroluminescent film 22 is formed with the inclusion of a common layer that continuously covers the plural pixel electrodes. A common electrode is formed on the organic electroluminescent film. The common layer is irradiated with an energy ray above areas between the respective adjacent pixel electrodes with the avoidance of irradiation above the plural pixel electrodes. An electric conductivity of the common layer is reduced above the areas between the respective adjacent pixel electrodes, by irradiation of the energy ray. With this configuration, a current leakage can be prevented between the adjacent pixels.

A biomedical electrode is disclosed that distributes current over the entire surface of a conductive polymeric sheet using a current spreading layer located on the upper surface of the conductive polymeric sheet (i.e., the surface facing away from the patient). The conductive polymeric sheet includes a conductive undercoating on its lower surface (i.e., the surface facing the patient). An electrolyte layer (e.g., a hydrogel pressure sensitive adhesive) is located on the bottom of the biomedical electrode, with the conductive undercoating located between the electrolyte layer and the conductive polymeric sheet. The biomedical electrode is in electrical communication with the patient's skin through the electrolyte layer.

The present invention provides an active gas regenerative liquefier (AGRL) for efficiently cooling and liquefying a process stream based on the combination of several active gas regenerative refrigerator (AGRR) stages configured to sequentially cool and liquefy the process stream, e.g. natural gas or hydrogen. In specific embodiments, the individual AGRR stages include heat exchangers, dual active regenerators, and a compressor/expander assembly, configured to recover a portion of the work of compression of a refrigerant by simultaneously expanding a refrigerant in one portion of the device while compressing the refrigerant in another portion to effect cooling of a heat transfer fluid, and ultimately the process stream.

A method of producing a pre-sulfurized active cathode layer for a rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur cell; the method comprising: (a) Preparing an integral layer of meso-porous structure of a carbon, graphite, metal, or conductive polymer having a specific surface area greater than 100 m²/g; (b) Preparing an electrolyte comprising a solvent and a sulfur source; (c) Preparing an anode; and (d) Bringing the integral layer and the anode in ionic contact with the electrolyte and imposing an electric current between the anode and the integral layer (serving as a cathode) to electrochemically deposit nano-scaled sulfur particles or coating on the graphene surfaces. The sulfur particles or coating have a thickness or diameter smaller than 20 nm (preferably <10 nm, more preferably <5 nm or even <3 nm) and occupy a weight fraction of at least 70% (preferably >90% or even >95%).

A rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell comprising a cathode, an anode, a separator electronically separating the two electrodes, a first electrolyte in contact with the cathode, and a second electrolyte in contact with the anode, wherein the first electrolyte contains a first concentration, C₁, of a first lithium salt dissolved in a first solvent when the first electrolyte is brought in contact with the cathode, and the second electrolyte contains a second concentration, C₂, of a second lithium salt dissolved in a second solvent when the second electrolyte is brought in contact with the anode, wherein C₁ is less than C₂. The cell exhibits an exceptionally high specific energy and a long cycle life.

An apparatus and method for the distillation of ocean and brackish water that includes insulation means for preventing heat from escaping to the atmosphere is disclosed. The insulation means comprises a second wall surrounding the basic assemblies of a desalination system in which the space between the second wall and basic assemblies is under low partial vacuum and is partially or totally filled with an insulation material for structural support. The system provides a means for flash evaporation of heated input water and condensing the resultant vapors into pure distilled water. A means for recapturing and using the heat of condensation as well as heat from the salt byproduct to preheat the input contaminated water is also disclosed.

An electrochromic device is provided comprising: at least one electrochromic element comprising (i) at least one material that is electrically conducting in at least one oxidation state and (ii) at least one electrochromic material, wherein said materials (i) and (ii) can be the same or different; at least one layer of a solidified electrolyte which is in direct electrical contact with said electrochromic element; and at least two electrodes comprising PEDOT-PSS, arranged side by side in a common plane and adapted for application of a voltage therebetween, one of said electrodes being in direct electrical contact with a component selected from said electrochromic element(s) and the other electrode(s) being in direct electrical contact with a component selected from said electrolyte layer(s) and said electrochromic element(s). Furthermore an electrochemically active element is provided comprising: a first layer comprising PEDOT-PSS mixed with an adhesion promoter, and a second layer comprising PANI, the second layer being deposited on top of and in direct electrical contact with 25 the fist layer.

An electrical circuit for providing electrical power for use in powering electronic devices, such as monitors, televisions, white goods, data centers, and telecom circuit boards, is described herein. The electrical circuit includes a voltage reduction circuit cell that includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a switching circuit, and a hold capacitor. The switching circuit includes a plurality of switching devices that are coupled to the first and the second capacitors for delivering power from an input terminal to an output terminal. The plurality of switching devices includes at least two switching devices that are coupled to ground. The voltage reduction circuit cell also includes a controller for operating the switching circuit in a plurality of operational modes to deliver an output power signal at a desired voltage level.

A process is provided for the removal of hydrogen sulfide out of a gaseous stream (22), such as a natural gas, by contacting the hydrogen sulfide containing gas with a sorbing liquid (26) containing a tertiary amine so that the hydrogen sulfide is sorbed into the liquid in absorber (11) and transferring the sorbing liquid/hydrogen sulfide mixture to a reactor (15) where the tertiary amine promotes the conversion of the hydrogen sulfide into polysulfide via reaction with sulfur; transferring the polysulfide solution from the reactor (15) to a regenerator (10) where polysulfide is converted into elemental sulfur via reaction with air (9); transferring at least a portion of the solution (25) containing elemental sulfur, as well as sulfate and thiosulfate species, into a mixture (36) where it is contacted with gaseous ammonia which reacts with the sulfate and thiosulfate species to produce ammonium sulfate and ammonium thiosulfate which are removed from the solution while the remaining portion of solution (25) is transferred to a sulfur recovery unit (14). That portion of the solution which has been subjected to ammonium sulfate and ammonium thiosulfate removal is rejoined with that portion of the solution (25) being forwarded to sulfur recovery unit (14). The solution from the sulfur recovery unit (14) is recycled back to the absorber (11).

A power storage device in which charge capacity and discharge capacity are high and deterioration in battery characteristics due to charge/discharge is small is provided. A power storage device in which charge capacity and discharge capacity are high and output characteristics are excellent is provided. A power storage device in which charge capacity and discharge capacity are high and cycle characteristics are excellent is provided. A power storage device includes a negative electrode. The negative electrode includes a current collector, an active material including a plurality of protrusions protruding from the current collector and an outer shell in contact with and attached to surfaces of the plurality of protrusions, and graphene in contact with and attached to the outer shell. Axes of the plurality of protrusions are oriented in the same direction. A common portion may be provided between the current collector and the plurality of protrusions.

An electrochemical device having an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and an electrolyte. At least one of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode is provided with a substantially uniform superficial relief pattern formed by a plurality of substantially uniform projections and has an electrical conductivity gradient between peaks of the projections and valleys between the projections

It is provided the electrolytic solution for use in the electrolytic capacitor including a capacitor element and a casing containing said capacitor element, said capacitor element including a pair of electrodes, and a conductive separator (E) which is formed with a conductive polymer layer (F) containing a dopant agent (H) on its surface and is interposed between said pair of electrodes, said conductive separator (E) and said pair of electrodes being rolled up in an overlapped state with each other, and spaces between said pair of electrodes being impregnated with the electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor, wherein an acid component (D) and a base component (C) as electrolytic components to be contained in said electrolytic solution are at such a molar ratio that the acid component (D) is excessive. By use of said electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor, the increase in the ESR with the elapse of time in an electrolytic capacitor is suppressed.

A thin film transistor includes, on an insulating substrate, at least: a gate electrode; a gate insulating layer; a source electrode; a drain electrode; a metal oxide layer including a semiconductor region and an insulating region, each of the semiconductor region and the insulating region being composed of a same metal oxide material; and an insulating protective layer. The semiconductor region includes a region between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and is overlaid on a part of each of them. The semiconductor region is formed between the gate insulating layer and the insulating protective layer to abut on at least one of them. The electric conductivity of the semiconductor region is higher than that of the insulating region.

Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors with reduced subthreshold conduction, and methods of fabricating the same. Transistor gate structures are fabricated in these transistors of a shape and dimension as to overlap onto the active region from the interface between isolation dielectric structures and the transistor active areas. Minimum channel length conduction is therefore not available at the isolation-to-active interface, but rather the channel length along that interface is substantially lengthened, reducing off-state conduction.

In a lithium secondary battery provided by the present invention, the layer density on a side facing a protective layer (46) in a negative electrode active material layer (44) and/or positive electrode active material layer where the protective layer is formed, the protective layer containing an insulating filler and a binder, is higher than the layer density in a central portion and a side facing a current collector (42) in the negative electrode active material layer and/or positive electrode active material layer where the protective layer is formed.

Provided is a composite electrode for a lithium secondary battery for improving output and a lithium secondary battery including the composite electrode, in which, in a composite electrode having two or more active materials mixed therein, an active material having a small particle size is included in the composite electrode by being coagulated and secondarily granulated so as to allow mixed active material particles to have a uniform size, and thus, electrical conductivity is improved to have high output characteristics.

A 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophenedioxide compound represented by formula in which: A represents a C1-5-alkylene bridge; R represents an optionally substituted C1-24-alkyl, C3-18-cycloalkyl, C1-18-alkoxy or polyethylene oxide group (optionally with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of an alcohol, amide, ether, ester or sulphonate group) or an optionally substituted aryl group; a polymer comprising monomeric units represented by formula (I); an aqueous dispersion of a polymer comprising monomeric units corresponding to at least one compound according to formula (I) and a polyanion; a chemical polymerization process for preparing the aqueous dispersion comprising the steps of: (i) providing a solution of a polyanion; (ii) adding a compound according to formula (I) and a thiophene or pyrrole compound to the solution provided in step (i); and (iii) adding an oxidizing or reducing system to the mixture provided in step (ii); a printable paste containing the aqueous dispersion; an electroconductive layer containing the polymer; the use of the electroconductive layer in a light emitting diode; an antistatic layer containing the polymer; and an electroconductive pattern and a process for preparing the electroconductive pattern.

A fuel cell including a stack of electrochemical cells and first and second end plates, an inside circuit for flowing deionized water inside the stack connected to an outside circuit for flowing deionized water outside the stack, the deionized water forming a coolant, a circuit for supplying hydrogen to the cells and a circuit for supplying air to the cells, and a casing mounted to the first end plate and forming a tight volume at least partially filled with water where the inside circuit emerges for flowing the coolant. The circuits for supplying air and hydrogen pass through the tight volume and are dipped into the deionized water to exchange heat with the deionized water. A portion of the supply circuit enables air to be humidified with water contained in the tight volume.

The invention provides preparation and application of a graphene/zinc oxide nanowire array/three-dimensional foam graphene composite material, relates to a preparation method and an application of a composite material and aims to solve the problem of lower folic acid detection sensitivity of an existing material in a biosensor. The preparation method comprises steps as follows: 1, a chemical vapor deposition method; 2, a hydrothermal synthesis method. The graphene/zinc oxide nanowire array/three-dimensional foam graphene has the characteristics of large specific surface area, excellent electric conductivity and the like. The invention is mainly applied to preparation of the graphene/zinc oxide nanowire array/three-dimensional foam graphene composite material.

A fixing device includes: a heating rotary member having a heating layer generating heat upon current application; a pressurizing rotary member brought into pressure-contact with an outer circumferential surface of the heating rotary member to form fixing nip, through which a sheet on which unfixed toner image is formed passes for heat fixing; circular electrodes that are circumferentially formed at two respective positions sandwiching a sheet passing region therebetween, on the outer circumferential surface, and feed electrical power to the heating layer, the electrodes are each metallic and formed of at least two electrode layers including a first electrode layer layered directly on the heating layer and a second electrode layer as an outermost layer, linear expansion coefficient difference between the first layer and the heating layer is smaller than that between the second layer and the heating layer, and the second layer is more oxidation-resistant than the first layer.