2779 results about "Voltage divider" patented technology

An electrosurgical pencil is provided which includes an elongated housing, an electrocautery blade supported within the housing and extending distally from the housing. The electrocautery blade is connected to a source of electrosurgical energy. The pencil also includes at least one activation switch supported on the housing which is configured and adapted to complete a control loop extending from the source of electrosurgical energy. At least one voltage divider network is also supported on the housing and is electrically connected to the source of electrosurgical energy.

An electrosurgical system is provided that includes an electrosurgical generator; and an electrosurgical pencil selectively connectable to the electrosurgical generator. The electrosurgical pencil includes an elongated housing; at least one electrocautery end effector removably supportable within the housing and extending distally from the housing, the electrocautery end effector being connected to the electrosurgical generator; and at least one voltage divider network supported on the housing. The at least one voltage divider network is electrically connected to the electrosurgical generator and controls at least one of the intensity of electrosurgical energy being delivered to the electrosurgical pencil and the mode of electrosurgical energy being delivered to the electrosurgical pencil. The voltage divider network generates a plurality of characteristic voltages which are measurable by the electrosurgical generator and which electrosurgical generator in turn transmits a corresponding waveform duty cycle at a particular intensity to the electrocautery end effector of the electrosurgical pencil.

A fly-back power converter has a current-estimating control loop that senses the primary output current in a transformer to control the secondary output. A primary-side control circuit switches primary current through the transformer on and off. A discharge time when a secondary current through an auxiliary winding of the transformer is flowing is generated by sampling a voltage divider on an auxiliary loop for a knee-point. A normalized duty cycle is calculated by multiplying the discharge time by a current that is proportional to the switching frequency and comparing to a sawtooth signal having the switching frequency. The peak of a primary-side voltage is sensed from the primary current loop and converted to a current and multiplied by the normalized duty cycle to generate an estimated current. An error amp compares the estimated current to a reference to adjust the oscillator frequency and peak current to control primary switching.

Disclosed is an adjustable over current protection circuit which advances the timing of enabling an over current protection mechanism according to an input voltage, therefore the delay problem resulting from the non-instant response of the over current protection circuit is compensated with a low power loss. The over current protection circuit includes a voltage divider, a voltage-to-current converting circuit, an adjusting circuit and a comparing circuit. The voltage divider divides an input voltage to generate an adjusted input voltage, and the adjusted input voltage is converted into an adjusted input current by the voltage-to-current converting circuit. The adjusting circuit then adjusts a current sensing voltage according to the adjusted input current to generate an adjusted current sensing voltage. Finally, the comparing circuit compares the adjusted current sensing voltage with a predetermined over current protection reference voltage to selectively enable the over current protection mechanism according to a comparison result.

Receiving units with inputs that may be ground-terminated and with inputs that are selectively ground-terminated or non-ground terminated are enabled with signal level shifting and a termination mode selection input. In a first exemplary implementation, a receiving unit is capable of having ground-terminated inputs. However, common mode voltage of the signal that is input to decoding data recovery circuitry is above ground because the input signal may be level shifted in between the ground-terminated inputs and the decoding data recovery circuitry. In a second exemplary implementation, a mode selection is accomplished by switching a voltage divider into operation and bypassing a level shifter for a non-ground terminated mode. For a ground terminated mode, the voltage divider is switched out of operation and the level shifter is switched into operation for its signal output to be decoded. Pre-amplification may also be employed to improve signal strength.

Provided is a power amplifier which fits to a deep-submicron technology in radio frequency wireless communication. The power amplifier includes a cascode including a first transistor which receives and amplifies an input signal, and a second transistor which is connected to the first transistor in series and operated by a DC bias voltage; a third transistor which is connected between the cascode and an output end, operated by a dynamic gate bias and outputting a signal; and a voltage divider which includes first and second capacitors that are connected between the output end, i.e. a drain of the third transistor, and a ground in series, and provides the dynamic bias to a gate of the third transistor.

An electrical circuit for providing electrical power for use in powering electronic devices, such as monitors, televisions, white goods, data centers, and telecom circuit boards, is described herein. The electrical circuit includes a voltage reduction circuit and a rectifier circuit for delivering input power signal to the voltage reduction circuit. The voltage reduction circuit is configured to receive an input power signal and generate an output power signal at a lower voltage level. The rectifier circuit includes a full wave bridge rectifier coupled to the electrical power source, a Zener based charging circuit coupled to the full wave bridge rectifier, a voltage divider coupled to the Zener based charging circuit and the full wave bridge rectifier, and an output terminal coupled to the full wave bridge rectifier, the Zener based charging circuit, and the voltage divider for delivering the input power signal to the voltage reduction circuit.

A system is provided for monitoring the removal of blister pack contents. An array of spatially-extended, electrically parallel breakable traces made from electrically resistive material is formed behind a corresponding array of blisters of a blister card. Then this array is connected in series with a reference resistor to form a voltage divider. All resistive traces are formed from the same materials in a single operation. Blister breakage is determined using changes in the ratio of the resistances of the array and the divider. A predictive algorithm is used to adjust the threshold resistance ratio change that signals blister breakage and voltage ratios are used to adjust for battery output changes over time. Breakage events and their time of occurrence are recorded in nonvolatile memory for later retrieval. Additional resistors can be used for activating the system and detecting tampering.

A power converter used in the current control circuit and control method, consisting of a converter, a voltage divider circuit, a current sampling circuit, a first gain circuit, a differential amplifier, a second gain circuit, a multiplier, a saw tooth wave generator, a modulation comparator, and a driver. The invention samples inductor current through the current sampling circuit and generates the current sense signal, then processes again. With the differential amplifier, it compares the feedback voltage from the voltage divider circuit with the reference voltage, and the results along a modulation comparator output a drive signal to control the duty cycle in order to avoid the generation of inrush current. The present invention avoids inrush current caused by the large drive signal and achieves a good response rate and better system stability.

A novel RF buffer circuit adapted for use with an RF switch circuit and method for switching RF signals is described. The RF switch circuit is fabricated in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. The RF switch includes pairs of switching and shunting transistor groupings used to alternatively couple RF input signals to a common RF node. The switching and shunting transistor grouping pairs are controlled by a switching control voltage (SW) and its inverse (SW_). The switching and shunting transistor groupings comprise one or more MOSFET transistors connected together in a “stacked” or serial configuration. The stacking of transistor grouping devices, and associated gate resistors, increase the breakdown voltage across the series connected switch transistors and operate to improve RF switch compression. A fully integrated RF switch is described including digital control logic and a negative voltage generator integrated together with the RF switch elements. In one embodiment, the fully integrated RF switch includes a built-in oscillator, a charge pump circuit, CMOS logic circuitry, level-shifting and voltage divider circuits, and an RF buffer circuit. Several embodiments of the charge pump, level shifting, voltage divider, and RF buffer circuits are described. The inventive RF switch provides improvements in insertion loss, switch isolation, and switch compression.

An electrosurgical pencil is provided and includes an elongated housing having an electrocautery blade supported therein and extending distally from the housing. The electrocautery blade is connected to a source of electrosurgical energy. The pencil further includes a plurality of activation switches supported on the housing for activating electrocautery blade. Each activation switch is configured and adapted to selectively complete a control loop extending from the source of electrosurgical energy upon actuation thereof. In use, actuation of at least one of the plurality of activation switches produces a dividing with hemostatic effect at the electrocautery blade. The electrosurgical pencil further includes at least one voltage divider network supported on the housing. The at least one voltage divider network is electrically connected to the source of electrosurgical energy and controls the intensity of electrosurgical energy being delivered to the electrosurgical pencil.

The simulating experiment equipment for local discharge in gas insulated combined electric appliance consists of inducing pressure regulator, no-corona experiment transformer, no-local discharge protecting resistor, standard capacity voltage divider, GIS simulating experimental device, internal UHF antenna sensor and external UHF antenna sensor, microstrip line filtering amplifier, intelligent UHF multiplexer, wide band high speed ultrahigh capacirty digital storage oscilloscope and microcomputer. The simulating experiment equipment and method for local discharge in gas insulated combined electric appliance may be used for simulating various defaults inside GIS to obtain PD experiment data reflecting various kinds of insulation defaults and distinguish the PD modes of the insulation defaults in GIS, so that the present invention may be used widely in relevant theoretical analysis and application research.

A connection cable is disclosed for controlling a voltage-controlled generator such as an electrosurgery generator from a controlling device such as a robotic surgery system. The cable includes a first connector adapted to connect to a voltage-controlled generator and a second connector adapted to connect to a controlling device. Within the cable is a voltage divider interdisposed between the first connector and the second connector. The voltage divider is configured to divide a reference voltage provided by the voltage-controlled generator into at least one control voltage which is selectable by the controlling device. The cable additionally includes a plurality of electrical wires which operatively connect the first connector, the second connector and the voltage divider. During robotic electrosurgery, said operating parameters can be actuated by a surgeon operating at the robotic surgical system console, which causes a corresponding control voltage to be switched to a control voltage input on an electrosurgery generator, which, in turn, generates a corresponding electrosurgical signal in response thereto.

A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor substrate; a high-voltage first resistive structure which extends along a spiral path above the substrate and is separated from the substrate by a first dielectric layer; and a conductive shielding structure, including a plurality of first shielding strips, which are arranged in sequence along respective portions of the first resistive structure and are separated from the first resistive structure by a second dielectric layer.