There is a need in the art for synthetic tissue models that not only simulate the tactile properties of tissues and organs but further withstand and respond in an analogous fashion to the application of energy, particularly heat and electrical energy such as accompany
electrosurgery. Described herein are materials and methods useful in the construction of synthetic tissue models, particularly conductive synthetic tissue materials made from a state-sensitive, cross-linked
polymer composition, that have utility in connection with
thermal treatment training and
simulation exercises, and moreover provide a current controlled
treatment field profile analogous to that of existing tissue to that of the present invention. To that end, the simulated tissues and anatomical models of the present invention are fabricated from a hydrogel composition that undergoes partial or complete transition from its
native state prior to treatment (e.g., thermal or non-
thermal treatment) to one or more other states when exposed to energy, including but not limited to the following state transitions: discoloration, denaturation, coagulation,
carbonization,
vaporization, melting or other energy-induced state transition. These transitions facilitate the generating and detecting of a lifelike
treatment field profile.