113 results about "Gaseous ammonia" patented technology

The present invention relates, in general, to systems and methods for generating hydrogen from ammonia on-board vehicles, where the produced hydrogen is used as fuel source for an internal combustion engine. The present invention utilizes an electric catalyst unit operating in series with a plate-type heat exchange catalyst unit. The electric catalyst unit is used to initiate an ammonia cracking process on-board during a cold start or low load operating condition of the internal combustion engine, where the ammonia cracking process occurs in the heat exchange catalyst unit once exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine has been heated to a threshold temperature suitable to perform the ammonia cracking process.

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a hybrid power system, a vehicle and a control method.The system comprises an ammonia engine and a fuel cell; the storage and conversion assembly is used for gasifying the stored liquid ammonia into first-path gaseous ammonia and second-path gaseous ammonia; the ammonia catalytic reforming device is used for catalytically reforming the second gaseous ammonia into a first path of hydrogen and a second path of hydrogen, the first path of gaseous ammonia and the first path of hydrogen are fed into an ammonia engine, and the ammonia engine utilizes mixed gas of the first path of gaseous ammonia and the first path of hydrogen for combustion; the hydrogen purification device is used for purifying the second path of hydrogen to obtain a third path of hydrogen, the third path of hydrogen is fed into the fuel cell, and the fuel cell utilizes the third path of hydrogen for combustion. Therefore, the problems that the ammonia engine and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell are difficult to be directly integrated together to be applied to the hybrid power system, the energy utilization efficiency is not high when the ammonia engine and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell are cooperatively applied to the same hybrid power system, and the working point of the engine cannot be effectively controlled in the prior art are solved.

This invention discloses a deep peak-shaving system and method for thermal power plants based on ammonia cracking hydrogen production coupled with deep utilization of waste heat. It relates to the field of thermal power generation and includes a gasifier, an ammonia cracking hydrogen production unit, a cooler, a separator, an ammonia storage tank, an ammonia-hydrogen storage system, a peak-shaving burner, and a boiler. This invention utilizes the waste heat of the thermal power boiler to vaporize liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia. The ammonia cracking hydrogen production unit uses medium- and high-temperature waste heat or electrical energy, along with an ammonia cracking catalyst, to crack a portion of the ammonia gas, producing an ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixture. This mixture is then separated by a separator to obtain an ammonia-hydrogen mixture. The ammonia-hydrogen mixture is mixed with ammonia gas to produce mixtures with different ammonia-hydrogen ratios, which are stored in the ammonia-hydrogen storage tanks. The ammonia-hydrogen ratio used in the burner is adjusted according to different loads to maintain stable combustion. This invention can maintain stable combustion in the burner under low loads, achieving deep peak-shaving of thermal power plants, and can also deeply utilize waste heat from thermal power plants, improving power generation efficiency.

The present invention relates, in general, to a system and method for focusing gas distribution through at least one three-dimensionally (3D) printed lattice heating elements within an electric catalyst unit to promote ammonia dissociation. The present invention allows gaseous ammonia to be continuously heated under turbulence as it flows through non-linear paths within a 3D printed lattice heating element. The lattice structure of the heating element provides a balance between surface area and heat dissipation, allowing the heating elements to reach a suitable temperature to perform ammonia dissociation, but which are not oversaturated with heat which could result in failure or melting of the heating element.

The invention discloses a staged cracking ammonia internal combustion engine system which comprises an ammonia supply system, a first-stage catalytic cracker and a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is connected with an air inlet channel and an exhaust channel, and a spark plug is installed on the combustion chamber; the ammonia supply system is used for providing low-pressure gaseous ammonia, the ammonia supply system is connected with an inlet of the first-stage catalytic cracker, and an outlet of the first-stage catalytic cracker is connected with the gas inlet channel; the first-stage catalytic cracker is connected with the exhaust passage through an exhaust branch pipe, a low-temperature catalyst for catalyzing ammonia to be decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen is arranged in the first-stage catalytic cracker, and the inner wall of the combustion chamber is coated with a second-stage ammonia catalyst coating. Staged ammonia cracking is carried out at low temperature and high temperature, a small amount of ammonia is decomposed by the first-stage catalytic cracker to generate hydrogen, the ignition energy of the ammonia can be remarkably reduced by the small amount of hydrogen, and the flame propagation speed of ammonia combustion is increased; the secondary cracking in the combustion chamber efficiently decomposes ammonia through a catalyst coating, so that the oxidation rate and the combustion efficiency of ammonia are improved, and the emission of unburned ammonia is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical engineering, and discloses an amide oil separation and ammonium sulfate crystallization integrated device. Comprising a neutralization reactor, a settling separation tank, a pre-crystallization solution tank, a DTB crystallizer, a centrifugal machine, a settling separator, a dryer, a mother liquor tank, a condensate water tank, an amide oil decanter, an ammoximation tert-butyl alcohol tower reboiler, a mother liquor heater set, a condenser, a vacuumizing condensing unit, a stirrer set and a reactor circulating pump. The invention further comprises a process for preparing the large-particle ammonium sulfate crystal from the saturated amide oil solution, rearrangement liquid from a lactam rearrangement system and gas ammonia are added into a neutralization reactor through an external circulation pipeline, and the large-particle ammonium sulfate crystal is prepared by fully utilizing heat in the gas ammonia dissolution and neutralization reaction and crystallization process. By combining the compound additive, the seed crystal and the continuous crystallization technology, the generation of large-particle ammonium sulfate crystals is promoted, meanwhile, the crystallization process is optimized, an efficient amide oil separation and continuous crystallization mode is realized, the energy consumption is saved, and the production efficiency is improved.

A recovery device 1 comprises: a first tank 11 connected to a first conduit VL6 to which ammonia gas F1 is supplied, the first tank 11 storing ammonia in two phases including a gas phase and a liquid phase; and a second conduit 12 that passes through the interior of the first tank 11 and accommodates the cooling fluid, the cooling fluid having a temperature lower than the temperature of the ammonia gas supplied from the first conduit VL6.

The ammonia recovery system for purge gas comprises a heat exchange separation mechanism, a nitrogen circulation mechanism and an expansion machine, the nitrogen circulation mechanism comprises a nitrogen pipeline and a compressor, and nitrogen, refrigerated by the cold end of the expansion machine, in the nitrogen pipeline passes through the heat exchange separation mechanism and then passes through the compressor. The compressor is installed on the nitrogen pipeline and drives nitrogen in the nitrogen pipeline to sequentially flow through the cold end of the expansion machine, the heat exchange separation mechanism and the hot end of the expansion machine and then return to the compressor to form nitrogen circulation. The heat exchange separation mechanism is connected with the purge gas, and the heat exchange separation mechanism takes nitrogen output by the cold end of the expansion machine as a cold source to cool the purge gas, so that ammonia gas in the purge gas is liquefied into liquid ammonia, and the liquefied liquid ammonia in the purge gas is separated and output. According to the technical scheme, ammonia gas is separated and recycled in a cooling and liquefying mode, gaseous ammonia in the purge gas can be effectively recycled, resource waste is reduced, and pollution of the purge gas can be relieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemistry, in particular to a method for preparing magnesium hydroxide from a magnesium salt solution through a gaseous ammonia precipitation method, and the method is particularly suitable for extracting magnesium hydroxide from multi-component water mineral raw materials with high calcium content. The method comprises the following steps: in a nitrogen or inert gas atmosphere, introducing gaseous ammonia into a magnesium salt solution (comprising a multi-component water mineral raw material containing high-concentration calcium), and controlling the molar ratio of NH to Mg to be 2.5: 1-4: 1, so that magnesium hydroxide is precipitated and separated out; and after the precipitation process is completed, filtering and washing under the same atmosphere, and drying and crushing the obtained product. The method can realize one-step high-efficiency separation of magnesium hydroxide, and is also suitable for taking a multi-component natural mineral raw material with high calcium content as an initial solution.

A method for combustion of an ammonia mixed fuel, according to one embodiment, comprises: a fuel adjustment step of preparing a mixed fuel containing ammonia and hydrogen by mixing ammonia and hydrogen such that hydrogen is mixed in an amount in excess of gaseous ammonia on a volume basis; and a combustion step of supplying the mixed fuel and oxygen to an ammonia combustion catalyst to perform combustion.

An improved process for the production of 4-amino-5-methyl-(1H)-pyridin-2-one and derivatives. In the process, 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-(1H)-pyridin-2-one is reacted under pressure with an ammonium salt without adding aqueous ammonia or feeding in gaseous ammonia to provide the target compounds in high yield and high purity. The reaction mixture is not or much less corrosive to enamel coatings of a reaction container surface, since gaseous ammonia as reagent is not used.

Embodiments of the present application disclose a control method, device and equipment of a hydrogen-ammonia hybrid engine and a storage medium. The method comprises: determining a current working condition of a vehicle according to an accelerator pedal opening degree and an engine speed; wherein the working condition comprises a starting working condition, an idling working condition and a driving working condition; determining a target torque and at least one corresponding fuel according to the working condition; wherein the fuel comprises one or more of hydrogen, liquid ammonia and gaseous ammonia; distributing the target torque to the at least one fuel to obtain a sub-torque corresponding to the at least one fuel; and combusting the at least one fuel based on the sub-torque to drive the engine to work. Based on the working condition, the target torque and the required fuel to be combusted are determined, and the target torque is distributed to each fuel to drive the engine to work, which can improve the working efficiency of the engine and the utilization rate of energy.

The present invention discloses a high-efficiency ammonia recovery device, comprising a storage unit (1), a packing unit (4), a heat exchange unit (3), and a separation and defoaming unit (2) which are sequentially connected and installed on the top of the storage unit (1), a heat exchange tube (34) in the heat exchange unit (3) being vertically arranged so that the ammonia-containing gas in the heat exchange tube (34) is cooled and cooled, and a portion of the gaseous ammonia is condensed and coalesced to form droplets of low-temperature liquid ammonia which fall into a packing layer (45) of the packing unit (4), and a top cavity of the separation and defoaming unit (2) is connected to a cold recovery unit (6) located in the liquid phase space of the storage unit (1) through a connecting tube (5). The ammonia recovery device of the present invention has a compact structure, takes up little space, saves investment, and is safe and reliable. The liquid ammonia separated from the ammonia-containing gas can be mixed with the ammonia-containing gas through the packing, has high mass and heat transfer efficiency, can fully utilize the latent heat and sensible heat of the liquid ammonia and the sensible heat of the low-temperature gas, and has a high comprehensive utilization rate of thermal energy.

A system (200, 200 ') for safely storing ammonia underground comprises: a storage tank (300, 300') located underground for storing liquid ammonia; and a safety system (400, 400 ') connected to the storage tank (300, 300') to control leakage from the storage tank (300, 300 ') and to allow delivery of liquid ammonia into and out of the storage tank (300, 300'), the safety system (400, 400 ') comprising: a reliquefaction system (410, 410') configured to receive and liquefy gaseous ammonia gasified from liquid ammonia in the storage tank (300, 300 '), the liquefied ammonia is conveyed to the storage tank (300, 300 '); a collection tank (420, 420 ') configured to collect liquid ammonia leaked from the safety system (400, 400') and to deliver the leaked liquid ammonia to the storage tank (300, 300 '); a scrubber (430, 430 ') configured to treat gaseous ammonia leaking from the safety system (400, 400') and to deliver the treated gas to the atmosphere or ocean through a carbon filter; a water tank (440, 440 ') connected to the scrubber (430, 430') and configured to receive contaminated water; a standby external cooling system (450, 450 ') configured to be operable to provide standby cooling to the storage tank (300, 300') and the collection tank (420, 420 '); and a liquid ammonia transfer system (460, 460 ') configured to deliver liquid ammonia into the storage tank (300, 300') and to deliver liquid ammonia out of the storage tank (300, 300 ') wherein the reliquefaction system (410, 410') is configured to provide cooling to the storage tank (300, 300 ') and the collection tank (420, 420') due to liquefaction of ammonia gas.

The present invention relates to a fuel processing system and a ship including same. The fuel processing system comprises: a fuel supply unit for supplying toxic fuel to a demand source; a recovery processing unit for processing the toxic fuel recovered from the demand source; a purging unit for supplying a purging material to at least a part of the fuel supply unit and the demand source; a separation unit for recovering the purging material mixed with liquid and gaseous ammonia during purging to separate ammonia from the purging material; and a leakage processing unit for processing the toxic fuel leaking from the fuel supply unit, wherein the leakage processing unit includes: a leakage detection unit for detecting leakage of the fuel supply unit; and a leakage transmission unit for blocking the supply of the toxic fuel from the fuel supply unit, closing one point upstream of a leakage point, and connecting the downstream of the leakage point to the separation unit.

A large two-stroke uniflow-scavenged turbocharged internal combustion engine and a method of managing ammonia in a large two-stroke uniflow-scavenged turbocharged internal combustion engine, the method comprising: passing excess gas phase ammonia from said fuel system (30) to an ammonia absorption system (60) and absorbing said gas phase ammonia in water, therefore, ammonia water is formed; transferring the ammonia water to a distillation device (80); and separating water and ammonia in the distillation device (80).

The present application provides a kind of light weight liquid ammonia storage tank filling and discharging performance test platform, including light weight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system, input or export gaseous ammonia to the storage tank to be tested by the ammonia supply and transportation system connected therewith;Light weight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system is internally provided with multi-zone temperature monitoring system for real-time monitoring of temperature variation at different positions inside the storage tank;The light weight composite reinforced corrosion-resistant storage tank system is internally provided with internal gas circulation homogenization system for promoting gas flow inside the storage tank and improving temperature distribution;The control and safety protection system is used for real-time acquisition and regulation of storage tank internal pressure, liquid level, flow and temperature parameters, and safety pressure relief and protection under abnormal conditions;The present application can monitor and control the liquefaction process after ammonia is filled into the storage tank and the vaporization process when liquid ammonia is output, so as to test and analyze the temperature distribution, liquid level change, flow change and internal flow state during filling and discharging process.

The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and provides a method for recovering free ammonia in ammonium nitrate process wastewater, which comprises the following steps: S1, reacting gaseous ammonia with dilute nitric acid by using a pressurization neutralization process to obtain alkaline steam and an ammonium nitrate solution; s2, carrying out ammonium nitrate removal treatment on the alkaline steam through a fiber demisting catcher, and carrying out heat exchange to obtain condensate containing free ammonia; s3, the condensate containing free ammonia enters the upper section of an ammonia recovery system to be subjected to steam stripping treatment and then reacts with dilute nitric acid in the lower reaction section, pretreated ammonium nitrate process wastewater and an ammonium nitrate solution are obtained, and the ammonium nitrate solution is returned to an ammonium nitrate production system to serve as cooling liquid to be recycled; and S4, carrying out ion exchange resin treatment on the pretreated ammonium nitrate process wastewater to obtain a treatment solution. According to the technical scheme, the problems that the recovery effect of free ammonia in ammonium nitrate process wastewater is poor and the content of ammonium nitrate is high in the prior art are solved.

The application provides a fuel supply system and method suitable for liquid ammonia and gaseous ammonia, and relates to the field of ammonia fuel supply. The fuel supply system comprises a liquid ammonia supply module, a liquid ammonia delivery module, a gaseous ammonia delivery module and a machine belt pipeline. The liquid ammonia supply module is connected with the machine belt pipeline through the liquid ammonia delivery module and the gaseous ammonia delivery module, the machine belt pipeline is used for delivering fuel to a use terminal, and the liquid ammonia delivery module and the gaseous ammonia delivery module are connected in parallel. The liquid ammonia delivery module comprises a first stop valve and a pressurizing pump, and the first stop valve and the pressurizing pump are connected between the liquid ammonia supply module and the machine belt pipeline. The gaseous ammonia delivery module comprises a second stop valve, a heat exchanger and a pressure regulating valve group, the second stop valve, the heat exchanger and the pressure regulating valve group are connected between the liquid ammonia supply module and the machine belt pipeline, and the heat exchanger is used for converting liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia.

A method and apparatus for retrofitting an existing steam methane reformer (SMR) for ammonia cracking is provided. In this embodiment, the existing SMR may include a pre-reformer, a desulfurization unit, a furnace (50) having a plurality of SMR tubes and a plurality of combustors, a waste heat recovery section, a water gas shift reactor, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit. In some embodiments, the method may comprise the steps of: providing the existing SMR; offline the desulfurization unit such that no fluid flows through the desulfurization unit during operation; offline the pre-reformer such that no fluid flows through the pre-reformer during operation; and an addition device for providing a gaseous ammonia stream to the SMR tubes.

The present invention relates, in general, to systems and methods for generating hydrogen from ammonia on-board vehicles, where the produced hydrogen is used as fuel source for an internal combustion engine. The present invention comprises an exhaust heat cracking unit and an electric cracking unit fluidly connected by a controllable bypass path. When exhaust heat from the engine is unavailable, the bypass path redirects the gaseous ammonia flow away from the unheated exhaust heat cracking unit and directly into the electric cracking unit. This configuration prevents the introduction of cold or partially condensed ammonia into the exhaust heat cracking unit passages, thereby mitigating condensation, volume expansion, and thermal stress that could otherwise result in structural damage or thermal shock within the exhaust heat exchanger. The system enables seamless transition between heat sources, ensuring safe and efficient operation across dynamic vehicle or operating and power conditions.

The present application relates to a kind of ammonia oxidation catalyst and its preparation method and application, the catalyst includes outer layer structure, intermediate layer structure and inner layer structure, wherein, outer layer structure includes Mo, V, Co, optional metal Bi and metal A, wherein the metal A is selected from one or more of Cs, K, Cu;Intermediate layer structure includes Mo, Cr, optional Sb, optional W and element X, wherein metal X is selected from one or more of Fe, P, Na, Mg;Inner layer structure includes Mo, Al, Si and optional element Y, element Y is selected from one or more of Sb, Sr, Ru, B, Ce.The catalyst has the characteristics of high activity, high thermal conductivity, which is applied to the reaction process of gaseous ammonia oxidation hydrocarbon or alcohol to prepare nitrile compound, and the catalyst has good stability, long service life, and high selectivity, high yield.

The present invention provides a special liquid ammonia unloading system for the lithium battery manufacturing industry and a control method thereof, comprising a control system, a liquid ammonia unloading arm and an unloading pump, wherein a liquid phase outlet is provided on the liquid ammonia unloading arm; further comprising an ammonia aqueous solution preparation device, an ammonia gas circulation pipe, an ammonia absorber and a heat dissipation system; the ammonia aqueous solution preparation device comprises a reaction barrel, which is cylindrical with its long axis arranged in a vertical direction, an ammonia aqueous solution inlet is provided at the top of the reaction barrel, a liquid ammonia or gaseous ammonia inlet is provided at the bottom of the reaction barrel, an ammonia aqueous solution outlet is provided at the bottom of the reaction barrel, and a pressure gauge is provided on the reaction barrel; the present invention aims to propose a special liquid ammonia unloading system for the lithium battery manufacturing industry and a control method thereof, which integrates liquid ammonia gasification and ammonia aqueous solution preparation in the same device, is suitable for input media of gaseous ammonia and liquid ammonia, helps to improve the preparation concentration, and has good absorption effect and stable equipment.

The present disclosure relates to a method that includes, in a first zone, contacting an ammonia-rich gas comprising ammonia with an ammonia-lean liquid sorbent resulting in the reversible transfer of at least a portion of the ammonia from the ammonia-rich gas to the ammonia-lean liquid sorbent, thereby forming an ammonia-rich liquid sorbent and an ammonia-lean gas and, in a second zone, removing at least a portion of the ammonia from the ammonia-rich liquid sorbent to form gaseous ammonia and regenerate the ammonia-lean liquid sorbent.

A method for producing hydrogen using a feed stream comprising ammonia is provided. The method may include the steps of: cracking a gaseous ammonia feed comprising ammonia and at least 0.15% water vapor in an ammonia cracker to produce a cracked gas stream comprising hydrogen, nitrogen, unreacted ammonia, and water vapor; cooling the cracked gas stream to a separation temperature that is sufficient for condensing at least a portion of the unreacted ammonia and the water vapor to form a dual phase fluid; separating the dual phase fluid in a separator that is configured to produce an aqueous ammonia stream and a vapor stream, the vapor stream comprising predominantly of hydrogen and nitrogen; wherein the separation temperature is below 0°C.

This utility model discloses a liquid ammonia and gaseous ammonia separation device, including a shell and a gas guiding section. The shell has a separation chamber and an air inlet, the air inlet being connected to the separation chamber and tangent to its inner wall. The gas guiding section is connected to the shell and located within the separation chamber. The gas guiding section has a gas guiding channel with a guiding end connecting to the separation chamber and an outlet for connecting to the outside of the shell. The outlet, air inlet, and guiding end are arranged sequentially near the bottom of the separation chamber. This design can mitigate the adverse effects of reduced flow rate, improve gas-liquid separation efficiency, and has a simple structure and low cost.

A method for embedding sulfur into conductive carbon is provided. Elemental sulfur is dissolved in liquid ammonia to form a sulfur-ammonia solution. Conductive carbon is soaked in the sulfur-ammonia solution to embed the conductive carbon with the dissolved sulfur. The liquid ammonia in the sulfur-ammonia solution can be removed as gaseous ammonia to yield sulfur-embedded conductive carbon. The sulfur-embedded conductive carbon can be used to manufacture sulfur cathodes. Such sulfur cathodes and batteries incorporating such sulfur cathodes are provided.

The present invention relates, in general, to systems and methods for generating hydrogen from ammonia on-board vehicles, where the produced hydrogen is used as a fuel source for an internal combustion engine. The invention provides an expansion valve configured to maintain ammonia in a gaseous state prior to introduction into a cracking system that comprises a heat-exchange cracking unit and electric cracking unit coupled in series which enables reliable hydrogen generation under varying engine operating conditions.

The application discloses an ammonia refining device and method, and belongs to the technical field of sewage stripping. The ammonia refining device comprises a refining tower, a crystallization tank, an adsorption tank, a cyclone separator, a variable frequency refrigerator, a low-pressure liquid ammonia tank, a low-pressure liquid ammonia pump, a high-pressure liquid ammonia tank and a first heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger and a fourth heat exchanger which are connected in sequence. After carbon powder and moisture are removed through the cyclone separator, gaseous ammonia from the adsorption tank enters the variable frequency refrigerator, is directly changed into liquid ammonia after heat exchange with refrigerant medium of the variable frequency refrigerator, is temporarily stored in the low-pressure liquid ammonia tank, and is pumped into the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger in sequence through the low-pressure liquid ammonia pump after heat exchange, so that the temperature and the pressure are increased, and the liquid ammonia enters the high-pressure liquid ammonia tank for safe storage. The process flow is short, energy consumption is low, the system operation is safe and reliable, and the recovered liquid ammonia is high in purity.

The invention discloses an ammonia filling system with pipeline ammonia unloading and water curtain spraying functions. The system comprises a liquid ammonia filling module, a gas ammonia backflow module, a pipeline ammonia unloading module and a water curtain spraying module. The liquid ammonia filling module conveys liquid ammonia through a first filling ball valve, a filter, a liquid ammonia pump, a liquid phase mass flowmeter and a second filling ball valve; the gas ammonia reflux module realizes ammonia gas recovery through a first reflux ball valve, a gas phase mass flowmeter and a second reflux ball valve; the pipeline ammonia unloading module is respectively connected with the ammonia absorption treatment device through a liquid ammonia discharge ball valve and a gas ammonia discharge ball valve and is used for discharging residual ammonia; the water curtain spraying module is arranged above the filling system and used for leakage emergency treatment. According to the ammonia filling system, the independently arranged filling and backflow system is matched with a pipeline ammonia unloading function and water curtain spraying protection, so that the problems of incomplete residual ammonia discharge and leakage risk of a traditional ammonia filling system are effectively solved, and the safety and reliability of the ammonia filling process are improved.