2995 results about "Hydrogen sulfide" patented technology

The present invention relates to a pre-passivation process for a continuous reforming apparatus prior to the reaction, or a passivation process for a continuous reforming apparatus during the initial reaction, comprising loading a reforming catalyst into the continuous reforming apparatus, starting the gas circulation and raising the temperature of a reactor, injecting sulfide into the gas at a reactor temperature ranging from 100-650° C., controlling the sulfur amount in the recycle gas within a range of 0.5-100×10⁻⁶ L/L so as to passivate the apparatus.

The process of the present invention may also comprise the following steps:

• • (1) loading a reforming catalyst into the continuous reforming apparatus, starting the gas circulation and raising the temperature of a reactor, feeding the reforming feedstock into the reaction system when the temperature of the reactor is increased to 300-460° C., introducing sulfide into the reaction system while or after the reforming feedstock is fed, controlling the ratio of the total sulfur amount introduced into the system to the reforming feedstock within the range of 0.5 μg/g-50 μg/g, reducing the content of sulfide introduced into the system when hydrogen sulfide concentration in the recycle gas reaches to 2.0 μL/L˜30 μL/L; and
  • (2) maintaining the reforming reactor at a temperature of 460-490° C., controlling the ratio of the total sulfur amount introduced into the system to the reforming feedstock within the range of 0.2 μg/g-0.5 μg/g, adjusting the amount of the reforming feedstock to the design value of the apparatus, increasing the reforming reaction temperature to 490-545° C. according to the requirements on the octane number of the liquid product, and letting the reforming apparatus run under normal operating conditions.

Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a coal and a gasification catalyst in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a coal and a gasification catalyst. The particulate compositions are gasified in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other higher hydrocarbons. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Systems, methods and devices are provided for detecting airborne particulates and/or gases at remote oil and natural gas sites, such as wells, and/or processing and refinery plants. One such system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), such as a drone aircraft, configured for aerial dispatch to the remote site and wireless connection to an external processor, cloud apparatus or the like. The UAV includes one or more on-board sensors configured to detect airborne particulates or gases, such as methane gas, hydrogen sulfide, hydrocarbons, weather conditions, ground-based elements or compounds or the like. The on-board sensors may comprise light transmitters, such as lasers, configured for transmitting light or laser pulses into the ambient environment around the remote site and detecting backscatter to detect the concentration and/or velocity vector(s) of the airborne particulates or gases. The UAV is further configured to wirelessly transmit data associated with the airborne particulates or gases to the external processor or cloud apparatus in real-time.

A steam methane reforming method in which a feed stream is treated in a reactor containing a catalyst that is capable of promoting both hydrogenation and partial oxidation reactions. The reactor is either operated in a catalytic hydrogenation mode to convert olefins into saturated hydrocarbons and/or to chemically reduce sulfur species to hydrogen sulfide or a catalytic oxidative mode utilizing oxygen and steam to prereform the feed and thus, increase the hydrogen content of a synthesis gas produced by a steam methane reformer. The method is applicable to the treatment of feed streams containing at least 15% by volume of hydrocarbons with two or more carbon atoms and/or 3% by volume of olefins, such as a refinery off-gas. In such case, the catalytic oxidative mode is conducted with a steam to carbon ratio of less than 0.5, an oxygen to carbon ratio of less than 0.25 and a reaction temperature of between about 500° C. and about 860° C. to limit the feed to the steam methane reformer to volumetric dry concentrations of less than about 0.5% for the olefins and less than about 10% for alkanes with two or more carbon atoms.

The present invention provides new derivatives of 4- or 5-aminosalicylic acid, and a pharmaceutical composition containing these derivatives of 4- or 5-aminosalicylic acid as active ingredients, useful for the treatment of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and for the prevention/treatment of colon cancer. More particularly, these derivatives comprise a hydrogen sulfide releasing moiety linked via an azo, an ester, an anhydride, a thioester or an amide linkage to a molecule of 4- or 5-aminosalicylic acid. Furthermore, the present invention provides a process for preparing these compounds and their use for treating IBD and IBS and the prevention/treatment of colon cancer.

The present invention provides a method for carrying out high temperature thermal dissociation reactions requiring rapid-heating and short residence times using solar energy. In particular, the present invention provides a method for carrying out high temperature thermal reactions such as dissociation of hydrocarbon containing gases and hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrogen and dry reforming of hydrocarbon containing gases with carbon dioxide. In the methods of the invention where hydrocarbon containing gases are dissociated, fine carbon black particles are also produced. The present invention also provides solar-thermal reactors and solar-thermal reactor systems.

A process for leaching a value metal from a base metal sulfide ore, comprising the step of leaching the ore with a lixiviant comprising a chloride, an oxidant and hydrochloric acid is disclosed. The leaching is controlled, by use of low concentrations of hydrochloric acid and a redox potential, to effect formation of hydrogen sulfide from the base metal sulfide ore. The hydrogen sulfide is stripped from the leach solution, thereby reducing the amount of sulfate generated in the leach to very low levels. The leaching may also be conducted to limit the co-dissolution of platinum group metals and gold with the base value metals. The leach forms a value metal-rich leachate and a solids residue. The solids residue may be subsequently leached to recover the platinum group metals and gold. The value metal-rich leachate can be is oxidized and neutralized to recover the value base metals. In an embodiment, the chloride is magnesium chloride and lixiviant solution is regenerated.

The invention discloses a method for using low-temperature plasma to prepare a supported metal sulfide catalyst and belongs to the technical field of material science. The method is characterized by including: allowing ionization of hydrogen sulfide gas or gas containing hydrogen sulfide through gas discharge to form the low-temperature plasma distributed evenly, and using the low-temperature plasma to interact with supported metal salt precursor to generate metal sulfide. Due to the fact that the catalyst is avoided from being exposed in excessively high temperature, the prepared catalyst is free of thermal agglomeration, so that the catalyst is smaller in particle size and higher in dispersity. The method is suitable for preparation of various sulfide catalysts, metal sulfide can be supported on different materials to prepare various supported catalysts. The method has the advantages of low reaction temperature, low energy consumption, short preparation time and the like. In addition, processing objects are common metal salt, wide involve range is achieved, and the prepared catalyst is applicable to various common heterogeneous reactions.

The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy petroleum oils of high viscosity and low API gravity that are typically not suitable for pipelining without the use of diluents. It utilizes a short residence-time pyrolytic reactor operating under conditions that result in a rapid pyrolytic distillation with coke formation. Both physical and chemical changes taking place lead to an overall molecular weight reduction in the liquid product and rejection of certain components with the byproduct coke. The liquid product is upgraded primarily because of its substantially reduced viscosity, increased API gravity, and the content of middle and light distillate fractions. While maximizing the overall liquid yield, the improvements in viscosity and API gravity can render the liquid product suitable for pipelining without the use of diluents. This invention particularly relates to reducing sulfur emissions during the combustion of byproduct coke (or coke and gas), to reducing the total acid number (TAN) of the liquid product, and to reducing the hydrogen sulfide content of one, or more than one component of the product stream. The method comprises introducing a particulate heat carrier into an up-flow reactor, introducing the feedstock at a location above the entry of the particulate heat carrier, allowing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to interact with the heat carrier for a short time, separating the vapors of the product stream from the particulate heat carrier and liquid and byproduct solid matter, regenerating the particulate heat carrier in the presence of the calcium compound, and collecting a gaseous and liquid product from the product stream.

Various embodiments disclosed herein describe an infrared (IR) imaging system for detecting a gas. The imaging system can include an optical filter that selectively passes light having a wavelength in a range of 1585 nm to 1595 nm while attenuating light at wavelengths above 1600 nm and below 1580 nm. The system can include an optical detector array sensitive to light having a wavelength of 1590 that is positioned rear of the optical filter.

A process for removing hydrogen sulfide, other sulfur-containing compounds and/or sulfur and mercury from a gas stream contaminated with mercury, hydrogen sulfide or both. The method comprises the step of selective oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in a gas stream containing one or more oxidizable components other than H₂S to generate elemental sulfur (S) or a mixture of sulfur and sulfur dioxide (SO₂). The sulfur generated in the gas stream reacts with mercury in the gas stream to generate mercuric sulfide and sulfur and mercuric sulfide are removed from the gas stream by co-condensation.

A plant includes a vacuum stripper (118) that receives a lean hydrogen sulfide-containing physical solvent (32) and in which substantially hydrogen sulfide-free stripping gas (51,52) is provided by at least one of a high-pressure flash vessel (110) and a medium pressure flash vessel (112). Contemplated configurations advantageously extend the range of use for physical solvents to treat sour gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and can be used to meet most pipeline specification of 4 ppm hydrogen sulfide.

Disclosed is a process for the treatment of a plant fluid effluent containing odor compounds including an alkyl mercaptan or an alkyl thiol, an amine compound, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and mixtures thereof by contacting the plant effluent in either a counterflow or cocurrent flow process. In the process, the effluent is contacted with an aqueous solution comprising a peroxyacid compound and one or more essential oils. When contacted with the peroxyacid, odor compounds in the effluent are oxidized and converted from the gaseous phase into a chemically modified highly aqueous soluble phase in the aqueous treatment. In this way, odor removal from the gas is preferred and odor compounds are efficiently transferred into the aqueous treatment solution. The use of such a process produces a significant improvement in odor quality index as measured by a conventional process using an expert panel when compared to conventional treatment methods.

The invention discloses a method for removing hydrogen sulfide in a gas phase through oxidization under a high gravity field, which comprises the steps of: enabling a desulfurizing agent to be in a countercurrent or cross current contact with a hydrogen sulfide containing gas in a desulfurizing high gravity machine; and then adding the desulfurizing agent rich in sulphur in a sulphur sedimentation agent and then enabling the desulfurizing agent added with the sulphur sedimentation agent to be in a countercurrent or cross current contact with air in a regeneration high gravity machine, whereinthe desulfurizing agent is a mixed solution consisting of complex iron, aqueous alkali, a sulphur modifying agent and a defoaming agent, and in the mixed solution, the concentration of iron ions is 0.1-10g/L, pH is 8.0-9.2, the concentration of the sulphur modifying agent is 10-200ppm, and the concentration of the defoaming agent is 5-50ppm. The high gravity machine is used for replacing the traditional low-transfer-efficiency reactor, and a high gravity rotary packed bed reactor is adopted during hydrogen sulfide oxidization and catalyst regeneration, thus process transfer efficiency is greatly strengthened, and time of oxidization desulfurization and regeneration of a desulfurizing agent is shortened; in addition, the sedimentation agent is adopted in a sulphur sedimentation stage and acts together with the sulphr modifying agent, thus the sulphur sedimentation time is also greatly shortened.

The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing hydrogen through temperature controlled continuous decomposition of hydrogen sulfide, belongs to the technical field of hydrogen preparation and gas purification, and relates to a dielectric barrier discharge temperature controllable plasma generating device and a method for preparing hydrogen through continuous and stable ionizing decomposition of a hydrogen sulfide gas or a gas containing hydrogen sulfide by using the device. The device is characterized in that a reactor has a coaxial sleeve type structure, a cylinder of the reactor is made of an insulating medium, a central electrode is formed by a metal, a grounding electrode is formed by a temperature controllable circulating liquid, and decomposed sulfur is separated through temperature control, so that continuous and stable operation of preparing the hydrogen through the decomposition of the hydrogen sulfide is ensured. The invention has the advantages that the method is suitable for preparing the hydrogen and elemental sulfur by dissociating the gases containing the hydrogen sulfide in chemical industries of natural gas, petroleum and coal; and the method does not have special requirement or limitation for the source and the composition of the gases, so the method has universal applicability for preparing the hydrogen and the elemental sulfur through the decomposition of the hydrogen sulfide.

The invention relates to a system for controlling the concentration of a detrimental substance, in particular H₂S, in a sewer network. The system comprises a monitoring device arranged at a monitoring location in the sewer network and at least one dosing controller arranged at a dosing location upstream the monitoring location. The monitoring device is arranged for providing a signal indicating a measured H₂S concentration at the monitoring location and for transmitting a radio frequency signal carrying information about the H₂S concentration. The dosing controller is arranged for receiving the radio frequency signal, deriving a concentration signal based on the radio frequency signal, calculating a dose of a preselected additive based on the derived concentration signal, and supplying a dosing signal to a dosing device, causing the dosing device to add the calculated dose at the dosing location. Advantageously, the calculating of a dose also takes into account critical process indicators acquired at the dosing location. A main controller is arranged to communicate with the at controllers, and various control tasks are distributed among the main controller and the dosing controllers.

The invention relates to a method for recycling sulfur from acid gases containing hydrogen sulfide, comprising the following steps: (a) air supply; (b) acid gas pretreatment; (c) mixture; (d) primary direct catalytic oxidation; (e) primary sulfur condensation; (f) process gas reheating; (g) secondary direct catalytic oxidation; (h) secondary sulfur condensation; (i) sulfur re-separation; (j) degasification in a liquid sulfur tank; and (k) tail gas burning. When the volume concentration of H2S in the acid gases in the prior art is 1-15%, the recycle rate of sulfur can reach over 99% by the method of the invention, and the emission load of H2S in the acid gases processed by the method of the invention meets the emission requirement of Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996).

Decontamination formulations for neutralization of toxic industrial chemicals, and methods of making and using same. The formulations are effective for neutralizing malathion, hydrogen cyanide, sodium cyanide, butyl isocyanate, carbon disulfide, phosgene gas, capsaicin in commercial pepper spray, chlorine gas, anhydrous ammonia gas; and may be effective at neutralizing hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, boron trichloride, fluorine, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, phosphorous trichloride, arsine, and tungsten hexafluoride.

The present invention is one kind of low alloy steel capable of being used in oil well pipe to resist CO2 and H2S corrosion. Chemically, its consists of C 0.01-0.30 wt%, Si 0.10-1.0 wt%, Mn 0.10-2.0, Cr 0.50-3.0 wt%, Mo 0.01-1.0 wt%, Ce 0.01-0.25 wt%, V 0.005-0.1 wt%, Cu 0.05-1.0 wt%, Al 0.01-0.10 wt% and small amount of Nb if necessary, except Fe and inevitable impurity, with impurity elements being less than 0.05 wt%. The alloy steel of the present invention after hardening and tempering has mechanical performance reaching the requirement on API 80 and 90 level steel but obviously improved CO2 and H2S corrosion resistance, and is economic oil well pipe steel with moderate cost.

Hydrogen sulfide is removed from a hydrogen rich gas stream using adsorbents having a low loss of carbon dioxide adsorption capacity upon sulfur loading including high purity silica gels, titania or highly cross-linked, non-chemically reactive resins. The adsorbents may be used to adsorb both carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, or may be used as a guard bed upstream of a separate carbon dioxide adsorbent.

The invention discloses an extracting polyphenol, theanine, tea polysaccharide and tea pigment method from tea, which is characterized by the following: using deionized water for lixiviating tea at constant temperature with continuous flow upstream at multi-speed; adopting microstrainer to dislodge the foreign matter of raffinate; using hyperfiltration for putting-off pectin and protein; concentrating by hyperfiltration and dehydration; extracting tea polyphenol by acetic acid ethyl ester and recovering dissolvant; stripping caffeine of extracting extract phase, pesticide residue and dissolvant by CO2 supercritical fluid; getting tea polyphenol by low-temperature nitrogen spray-drying; using alcohol separation and low temperation vacuum drying by hyperfiltration trapped fluid to prepare tea polysaccharide; separating alcohol recrystallization by basic copper carbonate and hydrogen sulfide to get theanine; using enzymatic oxidation and alkaline air to oxygenate remain polyphenols substance of liquid phantom; getting tea pigment by hyperfiltration dehydration compression and vacuum drying; merging caffeine form carbon dioxide above-critical fluid and caffeine from carrene; recovering dissolvent; using deionized water for washing; obtaining caffeine by recrystallization vacuum drying.

PCT No. PCT/JP96/00748 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 15, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 15, 1996 PCT Filed Mar. 22, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO96/29099 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 26, 1996Hydrogen sulfide is dehydrogenated to generate a HS group and an S group. The HS group is oxidized to generate sulfuric acid, which is bonded to a metal. The S group is polymerized with a CH3S group to generate methyl trisulfide or methyl tetrasulfide, which is adsorbed to an adsorbent. Methyl mercaptan is dehydrogenated, for example, to generate a CH3S group. A portion of the CH3S group is oxidized to generate methanesulfonic acid, which is bonded to a metal. Another portion of the CH3S group is polymerized with the CH3S group itself to generate methyl disulfide, at least a portion of which is adsorbed to an adsorbent. Still another portion of the CH3S group is polymerized with the S group to generate methyl trisulfide or methyl tetrasulfide, which is physically adsorbed to an adsorbent. In this manner, malodor components including hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan can efficiently be removed without producing or release of harmful secondary products. A simple-structure, compact deodorizing apparatus including appropriate metal oxide catalyst and an adsorbent material suitable for achieving the above deodorizing functions is incorporated in a toilet bowl.

The invention discloses a plant extract deodorizer for removing harmful gases. The plant extract deodorizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-50% of plant extract, 1-2.5% of a stabilizer, and the balance of deionized water. The plant extract deodorizer for removing harmful gases can be used after being diluted by water, the amount of which is 1000 times than that of the plant extract deodorizer, can rapidly reduce the concentrations of harmful gases during the removal process of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methyl mercaptan and volatile organic gases, can eliminate the odor and peculiar smell brought by the harmful gases, and meanwhile, further has the effects of sterilization and bacteriostasis.

In a known process and system wherein hydrogen sulfide is removed from a gaseous stream, using a non-aqueous scrubbing liquor which can be an organic solvent for elemental sulfur such as a phenylxylyl ethane in which are dissolved sulfur and a reaction-promoting amine base such as a tertiary amine, sulfur dioxide is added to the sulfur-amine nonaqueous sorbent (or advantage is taken of SO2 which may already be present in the gas stream) to obtain better H2S removal, lower chemical degradation rates, and lower rates of formation of byproduct sulfur salts such as sulfates.

The invention discloses a low temperature Claus sulfur recovery process. The process mainly comprises a thermal reaction section, a catalytic reaction section and a tail gas incineration section, wherein in a combustion furnace of the thermal reaction section, partial hydrogen sulfide reacts with oxygen to be converted into sulfur dioxide, the hydrogen sulfide and the sulfur dioxide undergo a Claus reaction to generate sulfur, and process gas after sulfur separation enters the catalytic reaction section; in the reactor of each stage of the catalytic reaction section, the hydrogen sulfide and the sulfur dioxide under conventional Claus reaction, catalyst reactivation, sub-dewpoint and sub-solid point low temperature Claus reaction in sequence; after the catalyst reaction section, the tail gas which is subjected to sulfur separation enters the tail gas incineration section, and the tail gas is incinerated and exhausted in the tail gas incineration furnace. The process adopts a lower reaction temperature, contributes to performance of chemical equilibrium towards the direction of sulfur generation, so that conversion rate and recovery rate of sulfur are improved. Moreover, the process has the advantages of simple process flow, relative small equipment and investment, low operation cost and more contribution to environmental protection. The invention also discloses a device for the low temperature Claus sulfur recovery process.

The present invention provides new derivatives of 4- or 5-aminosalicylic acid, and a pharmaceutical composition containing these derivatives of 4- or 5-aminosalicylic acid as active ingredients, useful for the treatment of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and for the prevention/treatment of colon cancer. More particularly, these derivatives comprise a hydrogen sulfide releasing moiety linked via an azo, an ester, an anhydride, a thioester or an amide linkage to a molecule of 4- or 5-aminosalicylic acid. Furthermore, the present invention provides a process for preparing these compounds and their use for treating IBD and IBS and the prevention/treatment of colon cancer.

A system for removal of Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) and/or Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) from natural gas via absorption and disassociation utilizing a sea water contact system. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a series of counter current scrubber stages is provided, each configured to remove via absorption/disassociation a portion of the impurities, each stage having less pressure than the predecessor, each stage redirecting the purified gas to the preceding stage, until the contaminant level in the hydrocarbon gas stream has been reduced to an acceptable level. The hydrogen sulfide/carbon dioxide contaminants are thereby sequestered in the sea water utilized in the scrubber, which sea water may be further processed and/or re-introduced into the deep of a body of water, where the contaminants will remain isolated for hundreds of years. The present invention further contemplates and energy recovery system for greatly enhancing the efficiency of the system. Accordingly, the present invention provides an efficient and cost effective method for the purification of natural gas on an offshore platform.

A gas (1) comprising hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon contaminants is treated in a plant (FIG. 2) in a configuration in which waste streams are recycled to extinction. In especially preferred aspects of contemplated methods and configurations, hydrogen sulfide and other sulfurous components are converted to a sulfur product (37), carbon dioxide (44A) is separated at a purity sufficient for enhanced oil recovery or sale, and hydrocarbon contaminants are purified to a marketable hydrocarbon product (49).

The present invention relates to a method for determining the presence or absence of contaminating bacteria in a packaged food sample comprising storing food in a package having as a lining a hydrophilic polymeric composition, said composition preferably being permeable to water and at least one gas dissolved in water or water vapor and being selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen and ammonia gas and containing an indicator for detecting the presence or abscence of said gas; said indicator being polymerized or dispersed throughout said polymeric composition or coated onto a hydrophobic polymeric composition.