2790results about "Sulfur compounds" patented technology

The present invention describes methods and systems for extracting, capturing, reducing, storing, sequestering, or disposing of carbon dioxide (CO₂), particularly from the air. The CO₂ extraction methods and systems involve the use of chemical processes, mineral sequestration, and solid and liquid sorbents. Methods are also described for extracting and/or capturing CO₂ via condensation on solid surfaces at low temperature.

A method for the synthesis of compounds of the formula C-LixM1-yM'y(XO4)n, where C represents carbon cross-linked with the compound LixM1-yM'y(XO4)n, in which x, y and n are numbers such as 0<=x<=2, 0<=y<=0.6, and 1<=n<=1.5, M is a transition metal or a mixture of transition metals from the first period of the periodic table, M' is an element with fixed valency selected among Mg<2+>, Ca<2+>, Al<3+>, Zn<2+> or a combination of these same elements and X is chosen among S, P and Si, by bringing into equilibrium, in the required proportions, the mixture of precursors, with a gaseous atmosphere, the synthesis taking place by reaction and bringing into equilibrium, in the required proportions, the mixture of the precursors, the procedure comprising at least one pyrolysis step of the carbon source compound in such a way as to obtain a compound in which the electronic conductivity measured on a sample of powder compressed at a pressure of 3750 Kg.cm<-2 >is greater than 10<-8 >S.cm<-1>. The materials obtained have excellent electrical conductivity, as well a very improved chemical activity.

A method of fractionating biomass, by permeability conditioning biomass suspended in a pH adjusted solution of at least one water-based polar solvent to form a conditioned biomass, intimately contacting the pH adjusted solution with at least one non-polar solvent, partitioning to obtain an non-polar solvent solution and a polar biomass solution, and recovering cell and cell derived products from the non-polar solvent solution and polar biomass solution. Products recovered from the above method. A method of operating a renewable and sustainable plant for growing and processing algae.

The present invention provides a method for carrying out high temperature thermal dissociation reactions requiring rapid-heating and short residence times using solar energy. In particular, the present invention provides a method for carrying out high temperature thermal reactions such as dissociation of hydrocarbon containing gases and hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrogen and dry reforming of hydrocarbon containing gases with carbon dioxide. In the methods of the invention where hydrocarbon containing gases are dissociated, fine carbon black particles are also produced. The present invention also provides solar-thermal reactors and solar-thermal reactor systems.

A method of generating electrical power in which a synthesis gas stream generated in a gasifier is combusted in an oxygen transport membrane system of a boiler. The combustion generates heat to raise steam to in turn generate electricity by a generator coupled to a steam turbine. The resultant flue gas can be purified to produce a carbon dioxide product.

A process for leaching a value metal from a base metal sulfide ore, comprising the step of leaching the ore with a lixiviant comprising a chloride, an oxidant and hydrochloric acid is disclosed. The leaching is controlled, by use of low concentrations of hydrochloric acid and a redox potential, to effect formation of hydrogen sulfide from the base metal sulfide ore. The hydrogen sulfide is stripped from the leach solution, thereby reducing the amount of sulfate generated in the leach to very low levels. The leaching may also be conducted to limit the co-dissolution of platinum group metals and gold with the base value metals. The leach forms a value metal-rich leachate and a solids residue. The solids residue may be subsequently leached to recover the platinum group metals and gold. The value metal-rich leachate can be is oxidized and neutralized to recover the value base metals. In an embodiment, the chloride is magnesium chloride and lixiviant solution is regenerated.

A process for regenerating a used acidic catalyst which has been deactivated by conjunct polymers by removing the conjunct polymers so as to increase the activity of the catalyst is disclosed. Methods for removing the conjunct polymers include hydrogenation, addition of a basic reagent and alkylation. The methods are applicable to all acidic catalysts and are described with reference to certain ionic liquid catalysts.

The invention provides a method for cooperative activation of fly ash and decomposition of gypsum for recovery of a sulfur resource. According to the method, solid waste, i.e., fly ash, discharged by a coal-fired power plant or coal-fired boiler is used as a raw material, a certain proportion of desulfurized gypsum discharged by the coal-fired power plant or waste phosphogypsum produced in the phosphorus chemical industry is added and mixed with the fly ash, then the obtained mixture is subjected to ball milling, and activation and calcination at a temperature of 950 to 1450 DEG C are carried out for 5 to 180 min; calcium sulfate in the gypsum are almost totally decomposed after calcination, and produced gas contains sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide which can be used as feed gas for preparation of sulfuric acid; and calcination enables solid fly ash to be activated, leaching with a sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid solution is carried out at a temperature of 50 to 100 DEG C, and the leaching rate of alumina is greater than 80%. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that since all the raw materials are solid waste, the purpose of treating the waste by using the waste is achieved; elemental sulphur in the gypsum can be recovered; and the fly ash can be activated and activity of the fly ash can be improved, so a high alumina recovery rate at a low temperature can be realized. With the method, high-efficiency extraction of alumina in the fly ash is realized; the sulfur resource in the gypsum is recovered; shortage in industrial sulphur in the sulfuric acid industry in China is compensated; and the method has good economic benefits and wide industrial application prospects.

The invention discloses a novel absorbent which can remove SO2 and recover high-consistency SO2 at the same time, aiming at the characteristics of mixed gases such as flue gases of boilers of power plants, metallurgy sintering flue gases, sulfuric acid industrial tail gases, etc. The absorbent provided by the invention has the compositions as follows: (1) the absorbent has substance which contains 2 to 50 percent organic cations and 2 to 50 percent inorganic anions by mass concentration and is used as main component removing the SO2; (2) alkyl alcohol amide with the mass concentration of 0.1 to 3 percent is used as activator for removing the SO2; (3) phenols and quinones with the mass concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 percent are used as antioxidant of the absorbent; (4) metal oxide or inorganic salt with the mass concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 percent is used as corrosion inhibitor of the absorbent; (5) 5 to 95 percent of water is contained. The absorbent absorbs the SO2 gas in the mixed gases under the low temperature of 20 to 80 DEG C, dissolves the SO2 gas under high temperature of 85 to 130 DEG C, and generates the SO2 by-product with the concentration more than 99 percent (dry basis); the absorbent is circularly used.

A gas separation process uses a structured particulate bed of adsorbent coated shapes/particles laid down in the bed in an ordered manner to simulate a monolith by providing longitudinally extensive gas passages by which the gas mixture to be separated can access the adsorbent material along the length of the particles. The particles can be laid down either directly in the bed or in locally structured packages/bundles which themselves are similarly oriented such that the bed particles behave similarly to a monolith but without at least some disadvantages. The adsorbent particles can be formed with a solid, non-porous core with the adsorbent formed as a thin, adherent coating on the exposed exterior surface. Particles may be formed as cylinders/hollow shapes to provide ready access to the adsorbent. The separation may be operated as a kinetic or equilibrium controlled process.

A method and device for removing, deodorizing and purifying odor, smoke and harmful substances from exhaust gas or flue gas employs a water solution containing hypohalogen acid such as hypochlorous acid soda, an alkaline electrolyte such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide and a saline electrolyte such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide or potassium bromide which is electrolyzed to produce an electrolytic water solution which is fed to a deodorizing tower and brought into contact with exhaust gas or flue gas to remove odor, smoke and harmful substances in the exhaust gas or flue gas.

SO₂ and/or NO_x are removed from gaseous CO₂ at elevated pressure(s) in the presence of molecular oxygen and water and, when SO₂ is to be removed, NO_x, to convert SO₂ to sulfuric acid and/or NO_x to nitric acid. The sulfuric acid and/or nitric acid is/are then removed from the gaseous carbon dioxide to produce SO₂-free, NO_x-lean carbon dioxide gas. The invention has particular application in the removal of SO₂ and/or NO_x from carbon dioxide flue gas produced in an oxyfuel combustion process, for example, in a pulverized coal fired power station.

An acid gas absorbent comprising a metal sulfonate, phosphonate or carboxylate of a hindered amine and a process for the selective removal Of H2S as well as other acidic components such as carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide and oxygen and sulfur derivatives of C1 to C4 hydrocarbons from mixtures containing such acidic components and CO2 using said absorbent.

The invention described herein is a method for selectively removing mercaptans such as methyl mercaptan from dry gas mixtures containing high concentrations of carbon dioxide. In the method, the carbon dioxide-rich gas (sour gas) is passed through an absorption vessel or distillation column in which it is contacted with an absorbent such as liquid carbon dioxide in order to selectively absorb the mercaptans. The treated gas, which is now free of mercaptans, leaves the top of the vessel as a sales gas suitable for use in enhanced oil recovery applications. Preferably, a portion of the carbon dioxide in the sales gas is condensed and the liquid is returned to the absorber or distillation column as the scrubbing agent. At least part of this scrubbing agent leaves the bottom of the absorber or distillation column enriched in methyl mercaptan and other sulfur compounds. The stream from the absorption vessel containing the mercaptans can be incinerated or otherwise processed to utilize or dispose of the methyl mercaptan.

A process of treating metal oxide nanoparticles that includes mixing metal oxide nanoparticles, a solvent, and a surface treatment agent that is preferably a silane or siloxane is described. The treated metal oxide nanoparticles are rendered hydrophobic by the surface treatment agent being surface attached thereto, and are preferably dispersed in a hydrophobic aromatic polymer binder of a charge transport layer of a photoreceptor, whereby π—π interactions can be formed between the organic moieties on the surface of the nanoparticles and the aromatic components of the binder polymer to achieve a stable dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer that is substantially free of large sized agglomerations.

A method for generating energy and/or fuel from the halogenation of a carbon-containing material and/or a sulfur-containing chemical comprises supplying the carbon-containing material (e.g., coal, lignite, biomass, cellulose, milorganite, methane, sewage, animal manure, municipal solid waste, pulp, paper products, food waste) and/or the sulfur-containing chemical (e.g., H₂S, SO₂, SO₃, elemental sulfur) and a first halogen-containing chemical to a reactor. The carbon-containing material and/or the sulfur-containing chemical and the halogen-containing chemical are reacted in the reactor to form a second halogen-containing chemical and carbon dioxide, sulfur and/or sulfuric acid. The second halogen-containing chemical is dissociated (e.g., electrolyzed) to form the first halogen-containing chemical and hydrogen gas (H₂). The first halogen-containing chemical can be Br₂ and the second halogen-containing chemical can be HBr. Any carbon dioxide formed during reaction can be directed to a prime mover (e.g., turbine) to generate electricity. Any ash and/or sulfur formed can be removed. In some cases a sulfur-containing chemical can be supplied to the reactor with the carbon-containing material.

A pressure-temperature swing adsorption process for the removal of a target species, such as an acid gas, from a gas mixture, such as a natural gas stream. Herein, a novel multi-step temperature swing/pressure swing adsorption is utilized to operate while maintaining very high purity levels of contaminant removal from a product stream. The present process is particularly effective and beneficial in removing contaminants such as CO₂ and/or H₂S from a natural gas at high adsorption pressures (e.g., at least 500 psig) to create product streams of very high purity (i.e., very low contaminant levels).

The invention discloses a method for preparing sodium hydrosulfide. The production process is as follows: introducing a mixed gas containing sulfureted hydrogen H2S with the content larger than 10 percent and carbon dioxide CO2 with the content not larger than 90 percent into lime cream of about 12 percent of concentration, under the condition of a certain temperature and pressure and under agitation; stopping reaction when CaS is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; separating sediments out to obtain a sulfur calcium hydroxide solution; introducing a mixed gas of sulfureted hydrogen and carbon dioxide into a caustic soda solution with concentration larger than 30 percent under the condition of a certain temperature and pressure and under agitation; stopping reaction when Na2S is less than or equal to 0.5 percent to obtain a sodium hydrosulfide solution containing carbonate ions; and adding slightly not enough sodium hydrosulfide solution under agitation according to the amount of the carbonate ions in the sodium hydrosulfide solution, and separating sediments out to obtain sodium hydrosulfide with low carbonate ions.