110 results about "Macroporous carbon" patented technology

The invention belongs to the field of chemical engineering and industry, and particularly relates to a mesoporous-macroporous carbon production method. The production method comprises: completely mixing a phenol formaldehyde resin, an epoxy resin and the like or a mixture thereof, and a curing agent according to a certain weight ratio, carrying out heating curing, adding polyvinyl alcohol and the like as pore forming agents and adding graphite powder and the like as support agents after the cured material is crushed, completely mixing, pressing to form a preform, and carrying out high temperature carbonization under the protection of gas to obtain the mesoporous-macroporous carbon. The mesoporous-macroporous carbon prepared by using the production method has advantages of simple preparation method, easy pore size control and the like, wherein the pore size of the mesoporous-macroporous carbon can be adjusted within 50 nm-10 mum, has a specific surface area of 100-1000 m<2>/g, and can be used in electrode materials of supercapacitors, electrode materials of lithium ion batteries, electrode materials of capacitance method desalination devices, blood purification, catalyst carriers, water treatments, gas purification, solvent recovery and the like.

The invention relates to a gas diffusion layer with a gradient hole structure for fuel batteries and a preparation method and applications thereof. The gas diffusion layer consists of a macroporous carbon-based support body and a micro-porous layer which are overlapped, wherein the material of the micro-porous layer is embedded in the macroporous carbon-based support body from one side, far from the flow field of a battery, of the macroporous carbon-based support body to form a transitional hole layer; the transitional hole layer is composed of the material of the micro-porous layer and the fiber of the macroporous carbon-based support body and is obtained by embedding the material of the micro-porous layer in the side, far from the flow field of a battery, of the macroporous carbon-based support body; and the curvature of reaction gas transfer from the side next to the flow field to the side next to a catalyst layer in the gas diffusion layer increases gradiently and the air permeability gradually reduces from 4-10s/100ml to 100-900s/100ml. By adopting the gas diffusion layer with the structure, the mass transfer curvatures of water and the gas in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) can be effectively increased, the transfer path of the product-water can be prolonged and liquid water in the battery can be maintained; and the gas diffusion layer is particularly suitable for fuel batteries working under low humidity and the cathodes of alkaline fuel batteries.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM)-Fe2O3/carbon aerogel (CA) electrode under a neutrality condition. On the surface of a CA electrode, 3DOM-Fe2O3 is deposited on the surface of the CA electrode according to the methods of vertical dipping, solvent evaporation and template calcination, so that the 3DOM-Fe2O3/CA electrode is obtained. The 3DOM-Fe2O3/CA electrode can be used for Electro-Fenton cathode rapid degrading of pollutants difficult to biodegrade in wastewater. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method and application of the 3DOM-Fe2O3/CA electrode have the advantages that CA high in specific area, electrical conductivity and adsorption capacity is selected as a substrate, meanwhile, the CA is loaded with the 3DOM-Fe2O3, solar absorbing photocatalytic performance is achieved, good Electro-Fenton catalytic activity is also achieved, Electro-Fenton and the photocatalysis technology are combined for use, and energy consumption is reduced while Electro-Fenton activity is improved. The method is easy and simple to implement and low in cost, is an efficient and energy-saving new technology, and has high economic and social benefits in the actual application aspect.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a oxygen reduction catalyst and aims to provide a preparation method of a macroporous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst containing sulfur, nitrogen and transition metal element. The method comprises the following steps: adding a thiourea solution into a glucose solution, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid in water bath, and reacting to obtain a glucose thiourea prepolymer solution; adding a suspension containing transition metal salt and a nano-CaCO3 powder into the solution, heating to react and spray-drying to obtain a catalyst precursor; heating to carry out deep polymerization and carbonization; and cooling, ball-milling, removing a template by the use of hydrochloric acid, rinsing and drying to obtain a product. The transition metal element is added before the formation of a porous material such that more catalytic centers can be formed and distribution of catalytic centers is more uniform. The catalyst has large specific surface area, good conductivity and high catalytic activity, and is especially suitable for high current working condition. A synthesized non-noble metal catalyst can be applied to various fuel cells and also can be used as a cathode catalyst of an air cell. Costs are low.

A method is disclosed to fabricate carbon foams comprising a bicontinuous network of disordered or irregular macropores that are three-dimensionally interconnected via nanoscopic carbon walls. The method accounts for (1) the importance of wetting (i.e., matching the surface energies of fiber to sol) and (2) the viscosity of the microheterogeneous fluid filling the voids in the carbon paper. Carbon fiber papers are mildly oxidized by plasma etching, which greatly enhances the uniform uptake of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) mixtures. The RF solutions are oligomerized prior to infiltration and are cured into continuous polymeric webs that hang supported between adjacent carbon fibers; the polymer-fiber composites are pyrolyzed and retain a sponge-like morphology with 10-1000-nm pores and integrated electronic pathways

The invention relates to silicon dioxide composite microspheres of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. The diameter of the silicon dioxide composite microspheres is 100-1000nm, and the metal or metal oxide is uniformly dispersed in the inside or surface of the silicon dioxide microspheres in the form of a plurality of nanoparticles. The preparation method comprises the following steps: depositing nitrate on a three-dimensional ordered macroporous carbon template, heating in the absence of air to decompose the nitrate into metal or metal oxide, carrying out silicon dioxide sol-gel, sintering, grinding and the like to obtain the silicon dioxide composite microspheres with uniformly distributed metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. The composite microspheres can be used for preparing a functional filler for special glass materials. The method solves the problem of uniform dispersion of the metal or metal oxide nanoparticles in the base material.

The invention provides a preparation method of a three-dimensional macroporous carbon/carbon nanotube/titanium dioxide/silver composite material capable of catalytically degrading unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, relating to the technical field of environment. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out carbon nanotube dispersion solution and phenolic resin solution deposition and carbonization activation by using a polymer foam template to prepare a three-dimensional macroporous carbon nanotube/activated carbon composite foam material, and modifying a silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticle layer on the surface. The used materials are green and environment-friendly. The preparation method is simple. The structure is firm. The macropores are beneficial to multi-azimuth lighting and water body circulation; the mesopores are beneficial to adsorbing unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine; and the silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles can photocatalytically degrade the unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine. Thus, the composite material is hopeful to become a novel green water treatment material capable of photocatalytically degrading unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine at high efficiency.

The invention relates to the field of a lithium sulfur battery, and aims at providing a lithium sulfur battery adopting stannous sulfide as an anchoring center and a preparation method of a positive electrode of the lithium sulfur battery. The preparation method of the lithium sulfur battery adopting the stannous sulfide as the anchoring center specifically comprises the following steps: preparing a macroporous carbon material with nano stannous sulfide being dispersed on the inner wall and a macroporous carbon material with supported sulfur, preparing an anode material of the lithium sulfur battery by utilizing the macroporous carbon material with supported sulfur, preparing the positive electrode by utilizing the positive electrode material, and assembling the positive electrode, a diaphragm, a negative electrode and electrolyte to form the lithium sulfur battery. The prepared high-capacity lithium ion battery positive electrode material is good in conductivity, low in internal resistance, good in electrode reaction reversibility, good in chemical stability and thermal stability, low in price, easy to prepare and pollution-free, so that the electrochemical dynamics performance of the lithium sulfur battery positive electrode can be improved, the electrode polarization can be alleviated, and the speed capacity of the lithium battery can be improved.

A range of carbon materials can be produced using lignin in combination with synthetic phenolic resins or naturally occurring lingo-cellulosic materials. The lignin, which is essentially a naturally occurring phenolic resin, has a carbon yield on pyrolysis similar to that of the synthetic resins, which aids processing. The lignin can be used as a binder phase for synthetic resin or lignocellulosic materials allowing the production of monolithic carbons from a wide range of precursors, as the primary structural material where the thermal processing is modified by the addition of small quantities of synthetic resin materials or as structure modified in the production of meso/macro porous carbons in either bead, granular or monolithic form. A carbonised monolith is provided comprising mesoporous and/or macroporous carbon particles dispersed in a matrix of microporous carbon particles with voids between the particles defining paths for fluid to flow into and through the structure. The monolith may take the form of a shaped body having walls defining a multiplicity of internal transport channels for fluid flow, the transport channels being directed along the extrusion direction. The monolith may be made by carbonising a shaped phenolic body based on phenolic resin precursors. In a method for producing such a carbonisable shaped resin body solid particles of a first phenolic resin are provided which is partially cured so that the particles are sinterable but do not melt on carbonisation. The particles of the first phenolic resin are mixed with particles of a second phenolic resin that has a greater degree of cure than said first phenolic resin and has a mesoporous and/or macroporous microstructure that is preserved on carbonisation. The resulting mixture is formed into a dough e.g. by mixing the resin particles with methyl cellulose, PEO and water, after which the dough is extruded to form a shaped product and stabilising in its shape by sintering.

The invention relates to the field of preparation of direct methanol fuel cells and aims at providing a method for modifying a direct methanol fuel cell anode catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: adding tungsten oxide modified sulfur-containing macroporous carbon or tungsten carbide modified sulfur-containing macroporous carbon into a chloroplatinic acid solution, uniformly stirring, thereby forming turbid liquid; and performing spray drying on the turbid liquid, calcining in a nitrogen atmosphere, cooling the product, thereby obtaining the direct methanol fuel cell anode catalyst. By utilizing the special affinity of sulfur in the sulfur-containing macroporous carbon on Pt, dispersed distribution of platinum in the platinum loading process can be intensified, and the catalytic activity of the catalyst is improved. By utilizing high conductivity and huge specific surface area of the macroporous carbon, the capacity of loading the catalytic center in unit area of the catalyst carrier is improved, and high catalytic activity is obtained; and moreover, the tungsten oxides and carbides are taken as auxiliary catalysts, the effect of ruthenium in the traditional platinum-ruthenium catalyst is achieved, and the effect of dissociating CO adsorbed to platinum is intensified.

The invention provides a macroporous carbon/oxide zinc/sulfur composite material for a lithium-sulfur battery as well as a preparation method and application of the macroporous carbon/oxide zinc/sulfur composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a mixed solution containing a macroporous carbon material and Zn(COOH)2, adding a strong alkaline solution at40 to 80 DEG C, stirring the mixed solution and the strong alkaline solution, maintaining the temperature at 40 to 80 DEG C, and centrifugating and drying the solution after the reaction is completed,thus obtaining a macroporous carbon/oxide zinc material; and with CS2 as a solvent, grinding the macroporous carbon/oxide zinc material and elemental S, and then adding the mixture into a reaction kettle for heating reaction for 10 to 24 hours at reaction temperature of 100 to 300 DEG C. By use of macroporous carbon and zinc oxide, the macroporous carbon/oxide zinc/sulfur composite material provided by the invention overcomes the shortcomings of low conductivity and a shuttle effect due to the fact that sulfur is used as a battery anode material; when the macroporous carbon/oxide zinc/sulfurcomposite material is applied to an anode of the lithium-sulfur battery, the rate performance and the cycle performance of the lithium-sulfur battery can be effectively improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of nanocomposite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a cobalt metal organic frame/macroporous carbon compound. Co-MOFs and macroporous carbon are firmly combined together to generate a synergistic effect. According to the preparation method, cobalt chloride, 5-(4-pyridyl) tetrazole, 1,3-bi(4-pyridyl)propane, sodium azide and macroporous carbon are taken as raw materials, the raw materials are uniformly mixed through ultrasonic processing, and then the Co-MOFs/macroporous carbon composite material is prepared by utilizing a hydrothermal reaction further. The preparation method is simple and safe in preparation process, and obtained Co-MOFs is uniformly attached with the macroporous carbon together, so that the agglomeration of self-particles is prevented, and heavy accumulation of the macroporous carbon is also effectively prevented. Through the structural advantage, the material has good electrocatalytic activity and extremely good stability, and has potential application values in the electrocatalytic field.

The invention provides a macroporous carbonized nickel catalyst, and a preparation method and application of the macroporous carbonized nickel catalyst. The macroporous carbonized nickel catalyst is prepared by using a carboxylic acid-modified polymethyl methacrylate microsphere as a template and nickel nitrate as a precursor; the pore diameter of macroporous carbonized nickel is within the range of 50-1000 nm. The preparation method of the macroporous carbonized nickel comprises the following steps: adding the nickel nitrate into a methanol/ethylene glycol mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the methanol to the ethylene glycol is 1: (1-3) preferably; stirring to obtain a nickel nitrate solution; adding the carboxylic acid-modified polymethyl methacrylate microsphere into the obtained nickel nitrate solution for dipping; filtering; drying; heating up to 400-750 DEG C; performing heat preservation for 4-8 hours to obtain the macroporous carbonized nickel; preferably, the volume ratio of the methanol to the ethylene glycol is 1: (2-4). According to the invention, the carboxylic acid-modified microsphere is used as the template, the nickel nitrate is used as the precursor, and direct roasting is carried out under the condition of the methanol/ethylene glycol mixed solution to prepare the three-dimensionally communicated carbonized nickel; the operation method is simple, the period is short and the cost is low.

The invention relates to an oxygen electrochemical reduction catalyst, and aims to provide a preparation method of indole-modified macroporous carbon supported transition metal catalysts. The method comprises the following steps of: adding hydrophilic nano CaCO3 and a carbon source material into deionized water, and carrying out ultrasonic vibration mixing on the obtained mixture; heating the mixture to evaporate water, and then solidifying for 6 hours at a temperature of 160 DEG C; carrying out constant-temperature carbonization on the solidified product under nitrogen; washing a carbonized product sequentially by using a hydrochloric acid, a sodium hydroxide solution and deionized water, and carrying out constant-temperature drying on the obtained product so as to obtain a macroporous carbon material; and after the macroporous carbon material is crushed, adding indole as a modified material, adding an aqueous solution of transition metal nitrates, sulfates or chlorides into the obtained object, after the obtained product is reacted, filtering, cleaning and drying the obtained product so as to obtain an indole-modified macroporous carbon supported transition metal catalyst. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in synthesis process and easy to operate, and a necessary high-temperature calcination process required by the preparation of general catalysts is not required. The synthesis time of catalysts can be greatly shortened. Catalyst are good in electrical conductivity, and an indole modified layer increases the activity and stability of catalysts, and therefore, the catalysts are especially applicable to large-current working conditions.

By controlling the heating speed and the pressure in carbonizing a wood powder, a macroporous carbon material is formed. Herein provided are the macroporous carbon material starting from a wood material, and a method for producing it.

The invention provides a method for preparing multi-element-doped carbon materials by utilizing Chinese chives. The method comprises the following steps: adding Chinese chives together with ammonia water and ultra-pure water to a hydrothermal reaction kettle to be subjected to hydrothermal reaction; after the hydrothermal reaction is finished, performing natural cooling, and then pouring out the reaction liquid in the hydrothermal reaction kettle; and performing centrifugation, filtration and freeze drying to obtain nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots. The raw materials used in the method provided by the invention are cheap and easily available, and carbon nanorod materials are also obtained while carbon quantum dot materials are prepared, so that efficient utilization of common biomass resources is realized. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of low cost, greenness and environmental protection, simple operation, low requirements for equipment, and convenience for large-scale preparation and industrial production; the obtained carbon quantum dots have the advantages of good water solubility, high purity, good dispersibility,uniform size, high stability and high heteroatom doping content, wherein the nitrogen content is as high as 6.8%, the sulfur content is as high as 5.2%, and the phosphorus content is as high as 4.5%;and an obtained macroporous carbon material has a large pore structure dimensionally and mutually communicated.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing a nano-Beta molecular sieve. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a structure-directing agent; then mixing inorganic base, water, an aluminum source and a silicon source to obtain a gel; mixing the gel with macroporous carbon and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment; stirring at a temperature of 50-100 DEG C to be in a viscous state; drying until the water is completely evaporated; charging into a reactor and adding to a quantitative water-tight reactor for crystallization; filtering, washing and drying an obtained solid product, and then calcinating in oxygen or air atmosphere to obtain the nano-Beta molecular sieve. The method provided by the invention can synthesize the nano-Beta molecular sieve without template agent, so that the nano-Beta molecular sieve not only has high crystallinity, but also does not contain other crystal impurities.

The invention discloses a nanometer EU-1 molecular sieve synthesizing method. The synthesizing method comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing inorganic base, water, a template agent, an aluminum source and a silicon source to obtain gel; mixing the gel with macroporous carbon and performing ultrasonic treatment; then stirring and treating under the condition of 50 to 100 DEG C until a thick state is formed; then drying until moisture is completely evaporated; then filling a reactor, adding a quantitative amount of water to seal the reactor for performing crystallization; filtering, washing and drying an obtained solid product and roasting the obtained solid product in an oxygen or air atmosphere to obtain the nanometer EU-1 molecular sieve. The synthesizing method disclosed by the invention can be used to synthesize the nanometer EU-1 molecular sieve under the situation of a low organic template agent using amount, crystalline degree is high, and other crystal impurities are avoided.

The invention relates to porous carbon doped silver nanoparticles DHPC@CS-AgNPs capable of visually and rapidly detecting mercury ions. The porous carbon doped silver nanoparticles DHPC@CS-AgNPs are prepared by taking organic glass latex as a template, sucrose and polypyrrole as carbon sources and sulfuric acid as a catalyst, carrying out in-situ self-assembling, drying and carbonization to obtain macroporous carbon; carrying out alkali liquid treatment to obtain the porous carbon, taking sodium borohydride as a reducing agent in a porous carbon-chitosan ultrasonic dispersion solution, and dropwise adding AgNO3. According to the particles provided by the invention, a preparation method of the particles is simple, reaction conditions are moderate and the dispersion stability is good; the particles coexist with Hg<2+> so as to have high mimetic oxidase activity, and can be used for rapidly, sensitively and highly selectively detecting trace Hg<2+> in foods and environment samples through a colorimetric manner. A detection method is visible, is simple in instruments and equipment, is rapid and sensitive and is high in selectivity, so that the detection method is suitable for being popularized and applied to primary laboratories can be widely applied to visible and rapid analysis of the trace Hg<2+> in the foods and the environment samples.

The invention discloses a synthetic method of a nano SAPO-34 molecular sieve. The synthetic method comprises the steps as follows: firstly, mixing phosphoric acid, water, a template, an aluminum source and a silicon source to obtain gel, mixing the gel with macroporous carbon, conducting ultrasonic treatment, then, conducting stirring treatment at the temperature of 50-100 DEG C until the stirred material is in a viscous state, drying the viscous material until moisture is completely evaporated, placing the dried material in a reactor, adding a certain amount of water, sealing the reactor, carrying out a crystallization reaction, filtering the obtained solid product, conducting washing and drying, and conducting roasting in an oxygen or air atmosphere to obtain the nano SAPO-34 molecular sieve. With the adoption of the synthetic method, the nano SAPO-34 molecular sieve can be synthesized under the condition of low organic template dosage, the crystallinity is high, and other crystal impurities are not contained.

The invention relates to the field of batteries, and aims at providing a high lithium ion conductivity lithium sulphur battery capable of restraining shuttle of polysulfide ions. The lithium sulphur battery is to bond electrode material layer of the cathode to the anode with a lithium nitride layer via a binder to enable the electrode material side of the cathode and the lithium nitride layer of the anode to relatively bind to form an integrated lithium sulphur battery; the binder is a PVP modified Li plus type Nafion resin binder or a nano silicon dioxide doped PVP modified Li plus type Nafion resin binder. The lithium sulphur battery of the invention is high in temperature resistance and excellent in safety, and will not generate migration of the polysulfide ions in a charge-discharge process with excellent cycle life. The high conductivity of a macroporous carbon material could effectively improve the electrical conductivity of a sulfur electrode and has excellent large current charge and discharge performance. The lithium sulphur battery not only could be widely applied to a small electronic device, but also could be applied to a large unsteady state electricity generation plant. The lithium sulphur battery of the invention could be used for adjusting electricity, balancing peak valley electricity of electricity use, improving generating efficiency and reducing the generation cost. The electrode material is low in cost, and the preparation technology is simple and easy to operate.

The invention relates to a fuel battery technology, and aims to provide a preparation method of an anode catalyst for a sodium borohydride fuel battery. The method comprises the following steps: curing glucose or sucrose or hydrophilic nano CaCO3; performing constant-temperature carbonization on the cured product in a nitrogen gas atmosphere; washing the carbonized product, and drying to obtain a macroporous carbon material; pulverizing the macroporous carbon material, adding into a pyrrole solution, and performing supersonic vibration mixing to ensure that the pyrrole monomer is dispersed; dropwisely adding an oxydol solution to perform pyrrole polymerization, and drying by distillation to obtain a polypyrrole modified macroporous carbon material; and performing supersonic vibration mixing with a solution of transition metal nitrate, sulfate or chloride, reacting, filtering, cleaning, and drying to obtain a macroporous carbon loaded nitrogen-containing transition metal catalyst, namely the anode catalyst for a sodium borohydride fuel battery. According to the invention, the apparent coulomb value can be increased, the hydrogen production problem of the sodium borohydride fuel battery in the power generation process can be solved, and the utilization ratio of sodium borohydride of the sodium borohydride fuel battery in the power generation process can be increased. Besides, the safety and reliability of the battery are enhanced, and high cost performance is achieved.

The invention discloses application of a three-dimensional ordered macroporous carbon nitride supported palladium catalyst in catalytic hydrogenation of styrene unsaturated copolymers. The preparationmethod comprises the following steps: by taking a three-dimensional ordered mesoporous core-shell structured SiO2 nanosphere as a template and cyanamide as a precursor, three-dimensional ordered macroporous carbon nitride (3DOM g-C3N4) is prepared through a thermal condensation assisted colloidal crystal template method; afterwards, the compound is used as a carrier to prepare a Pd/3DOM g-C3N4 supported catalyst through a chemical reduction method. The obtained catalyst has a three-dimensional porous structure which is orderly arranged; the macroporous cavity is spherical; the defect of diffusion limitation of polymer macromolecules in micropores and mesoporous channels can be overcome; when the catalyst is applied to a heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reaction of styrene unsaturatedcopolymers SBR and SBS, a hydrogenated product with high quality and high hydrogenation degree can be obtained, so that the catalyst has important significance for development of heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of styrene unsaturated copolymers.

The invention discloses a method for preparing biological activity glass microspheres by a macroporous carbon template and relates to the technical field of biomedical materials. A silicon source, a phosphorus source and a calcium source are used as raw materials, and three-dimensional ordered macroporous carbon is used as a template to synthesize several submicron-sized biological activity glass microspheres. The obtained biological activity glass microspheres have the advantages that the biological activity and the biological degradability are good, components are adjustable, the grain diameter is uniform, the dispersibility is good, and the like.