The invention discloses a method for recovering metal oxides from an aluminum scrap-based vanadium molybdenum nickel catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: crushing the aluminum scrap-based vanadium molybdenum nickel catalyst, evenly mixing with sodium hydroxide, calcining at high temperature of 700-1200 DEG C, maintaining a constant temperature for 3-6 hours, crushing sinter blocks, washing nickel slag with countercurrent hot water or washing aluminum hydroxide crystal with the weight ratio of liquid to solid being 5-10:1 at the temperature of 80-100 DEG C for 1.5-3 hours, acid leaching and precipitating and filtering to obtain Al(OH)3, adding ammonium salt to filtrate, filtering to obtain ammonium metavanadate, extracting molybdenum from the filtrate in which the ammonium metavanadate is filtered, recovering the nickel by acid leaching, hydrolyzing the filtrate for removing impurities from the nickel, condensing and drying to produce crystal nickel sulfate. Comprehensive recovery improves environment conditions, and creates good economic benefit; comprehensive use of secondary resources relieves the insufficient domestic resources, and protects the environment; and the recovery method has simple process and low recovery cost and is applicable to large-scale use.