1162 results about "Transformation ratio" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for undergoing a chlorobenzene nitration reaction by using a micro-channel reactor, belonging to the technical field of application of organic synthesis. In the method, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, water and chlorobenzene are taken as initial reaction raw materials, and processes such as mixed acid preparation, mixed acid and chlorobenzene preheating, mixed acid and chlorobenzene reacting and the like are completed in a micro-channel reactor system. In the reaction, nitro-sulfuric mixed acid is taken as a nitrating agent, the effective concentration of sulfuric acid in the mixed acid is 50-90 percent, the molar ratio of the nitric acid to the sulfuric acid in the mixed acid is 1:1-1:10, the molar ratio of the chlorobenzene to the nitric acid is 1:1.0-1:2.0, the reaction temperature is 50-100 DEG C, and the reaction time is 30-120 seconds. The chlorobenzene transformation ratio is up to 97 percent, the selectivity of nitrochlorobenzene serving as a product is over 96.5 percent, and the ratio of ortho-para nitrochlorobenzene is over 0.6. A strengthened mixed micro-channel reactor adopted in the invention is particularly suitable for undergoing a continuous nitration reaction, and has the characteristics of stable temperature control and safe process.

The disclosed protection method for internal fault of large power transformer comprises: the protector samples the secondary current of current transformers on power transformer sides to obtain current instantaneous value and calculate complex number form of electric values by Fourier algorithm, corrects phase of connection form, and balances amplitude of transformation ratio; then, it calculates the complex number form of negative sequence current according to three-phase ac complex form, and computes negative sequence differential current and break current as the negative sequence differential protection principle to decide asymmetric inside and outside fault and drop out all breakers. This invention also contains exactly the negative sequence differential rate breaking feature and protection criterion, the adjusting means for protection values, the positive sequence current breaking criterion, and the block function for error action protection.

A process for the preparation of one or more hydrocarbon fuel products boiling in the kero/diesel range from a stream of hydrocarbons produced in a Fischer-Tropsch process, in which process synthesis gas is converted into liquid hydrocarbons, at least a part of the hydrocarbons boiling above the kero/diesel range, having the following steps:

• [0002]
  • (1) hydrocracking/hydroisomerizing at least a part of the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons stream at a conversion per pass of at most 80 wt % of the material boiling above 370° C. into material boiling below 370° C.;
  [0003]
  • (2) separating the product stream obtained in step (1) into one or more light fractions boiling below the kero/diesel boiling range, one or more fractions boiling in the kero/diesel boiling range and a heavy fraction boiling above the kero/diesel boiling range;
  [0004]
  • (3) hydrocracking/hydroisomerizing the major part of the heavy fraction obtained in step (2) at a conversion per pass of at most 80 wt % of the material boiling above 370° C. into material boiling below 370° C.;
  [0005]
  • (4) separating the product stream obtained in step (3) into one or more light fractions boiling below the kero/diesel boiling range, one or more fractions boiling in the kero/diesel boiling range and a heavy fraction boiling above the kero/diesel boiling range; and,
  [0006]
  • (5) hydrocracking/hydroisomerizing the major part of the heavy fraction obtained in step (4) in the hydrocracking/hydroisomerizing process described in step (1) and/or step (3), in which process the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons stream comprises at least 35 wt % C₃₀+ (based on total amount of hydrocarbons in the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons stream) and in which stream the weight ratio C₆₀+/C₃₀+ is at least 0.2.

The invention relates to an electric secondary AC circuit detection method which comprises the following steps: before a power plant machine set is started, a low-voltage short-circuit point or a short-circuit bogie is input; three-phase 380 V voltage is added at the high-voltage side of a booster station to form a circuit by means of the impedance of a transformer and a generator; current amplitude and phase are measured through a current detecting apparatus to check polarity and transformation ratio in advance; all current protective directions such as generator differential motion are measured. When a neutral point is not connected, a short-circuit point is made at a high plant transformer low-voltage side, and the three-phase 380 V voltage is added at the neutral point of the generator, thereby realizing overall checkup of a generator AC circuit; then, the three-phase 380 V voltage is converted into one-phase voltage or two-phase voltage to carry out overall checkup of a zero sequence circuit. The detection method can check all CT and PT circuits of a generation-transformer group before power transmission; moreover, all protection directions of the generation-transformer group are checked in advance, thereby saving time and fuel oil along with economical efficiency, environmental protection and safety. The electric secondary AC circuit detection method can check secondary circuits such as the transformer and the bus differential protection of a transformer substation.

The invention discloses a method by adopting biomass fast pyrolysis oil which carries out two sections of fixed bed reactors and water vapor catalytic reforming for producing hydrogen; the two sections of fixed bed reactors are connected in series, the natural dolomite which is relatively cheap and easily available is taken as catalyst in water vapor reforming reaction at the first section of fixed bed reactor, while the second fixed bed reactor adopts Ni/Mgo as catalyst to further improve the purity and yield of the target product gas. Comparatively high temperature and comparatively high S/C (more than 12) are extremely important for the effective transformation of the biomass pyrolysis oil in the first fixed bed reactor. However, for any temperature point, low mass space velocity can facilitate the increasing of the yield of any gas product and the total gas phase transformation ratio of the biomass oil is increased accordingly. The Ni/MgO catalyst is extremely effective in the purification stage, when S/CH4 is not less than 2 and the temperature is not lower than 800 DEG C, the transformation ratio of methane can reach 100 %. Low mass space velocity can facilitate effective transformation of methane; when mass space velocity is not higher than 3600h<-1>, the potential hydrogen yield can reach 81.1%.

This disclosure provides implementations of electromechanical systems piezoelectric resonator transformers, devices, apparatus, systems, and related processes. In one aspect, a transformer includes a piezoelectric layer; a first conductive layer arranged over a first surface of the piezoelectric layer including a first set of electrodes and a second set of electrodes interdigitated with the first set. The transformer includes a second conductive layer arranged over a second surface including at least a third set of electrodes. In some implementations, the transformer includes a first port capable of receiving an input signal and to which the first set of electrodes are coupled, and a second port capable of being coupled to a load and of outputting an output signal, the second set of electrodes being coupled to the second port. Generally, a ratio of the number of electrodes of the second set to the first set characterizes a transformation ratio.

The invention belongs to the technical field of all-fiber current transformers, and particularly relates to a high-precision high-reliability and all-fiber current transformer. A redundancy design method adopting active optical devices is applied so that output optical power of light source units is enabled to be more stable and stability of light source average wavelength is enhanced. A depolarization head is additionally arranged in an optical path system so that stability and measurement precision of the optical path system can be enhanced. Two beams of light are converted into electric signals to be transmitted to a signal processing unit by utilizing correlation of output light of the two output ends of a second single-mode coupler through a digital signal processing unit, and suppression of light source intensity noise is realized by utilizing a digital circuit subtraction method so that signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced and measurement precision of the system is enhanced. A low birefringence optical fiber Verdet constant and a transformation ratio error generated by change of wave plate phase delay along with temperature are enabled to be mutually compensated via an all-fiber current transformer transformation ratio temperature error automatic compensation technology so that full-temperature measurement precision of the system is enhanced.

The invention relates to an automatic measurement range switching device of an electronic current transformer, which comprises a current sensor, a single-pole two-throw electronic changeover switch, an A/D converter and a microprocessor. The two outputs with different transformation ratios of the current sensor are both connected with one input end of the electronic changeover switch, the output of the electronic changeover switch is converted to digital quantity through the A/D converter and then read-in by the input end of the microprocessor, and the measurement range control output end of the microprocessor is connected with the changeover control end of the electronic changeover switch. The automatic measurement range switching device provided by the invention can conduct automatic switchover according to the signal variation amplitude; and in case of low current, the A/D converter adopts large measurement input to increase signal-to-noise ratio, and in case of heavy current, the switch is switched to protecting signal input to ensure large A/D input range. Through the use of the automatic measurement range switching device, the electronic current transformer can use the same A/D channel to realize high precision and large-range measurement at the same time, so as to enhance the antijamming capability of small signals.

In a resonance converter for driving variable loads at first an input signal provided by a switch controlled by control means is converted to an output signal by a transformer. The transformer is dimensioned and connected such that a downward transformation ratio between input signal and output signal is between 5:1 and 100:1 when providing nominal power to the variable load. The switching frequency of the switch is controlled on the basis of a phase shift between a switch current and a load current at variable load and/or variable input voltage, a quantity dependent on the input voltage, as well as a quantity dependent on the output voltage. The inventive resonance converter further enables driving variable loads efficiently with the aid of a transformer.

The invention relates to a charging controller technology, in particular to a high-transformation ratio isolated solar charging controller with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function. The controller comprises a microprocessor, a pulse width modulation (PWM) unit and a switching tube unit, and also comprises a first voltage sampling circuit, a first current detection circuit, a second voltage sampling circuit, an isolation driving circuit and a high-frequency switching transformer, wherein the first voltage sampling circuit is used for sampling an output voltage of a solar battery; thefirst current detection circuit is used for sampling an output current of the solar battery; and the second voltage sampling circuit is used for sampling a voltage of a storage battery. The controller can realize dual intelligent charging control of MPPT+ system on chip (SOC); moreover, the controller can avoid a breakdown accident and a thermal damage accident of the switching tube when the output voltage of the solar battery is very high but the voltage level of the storage battery configured by a user is very low; therefore, the controller is suitable for solar power generation systems, such as an amorphous silicon membrane solar battery power generation system, with a very high solar battery output voltage and a very low storage battery voltage level.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a transparency film used for increasing photoelectric conversion efficiency of a solar photovoltaic cell. The transparency film used for increasing photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar photovoltaic cell comprises: (1) at least one down conversion agent A; (2) at least one up conversion agent B; (3) at least one up and down conversion agent C; (4) at least three visible light arousing long afterglow light conversion agent D, E, F; (5) a matrix resin (polyethylene, polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride); (6) an ageing resistant consistent with above materials (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5). The transparency film used for increasing photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar photovoltaic cell is provided with the characteristics of optical conversion and noctilucence, and is lasting and stable, can cause the common photovoltaic cell to make use of solar for longer time and more effectively, and mostly can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the common photovoltaic cell more than 30%, namely can cause the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the common photovoltaic cell to achieve more than 22%.

The invention discloses a single-switch high-gain direct current boost converter, comprising one direct current input power supply source, one power switch tube, one boost inductor, one coupling inductor with two windings, five one-way rectifier diodes, three middle storage capacitors and one output filter capacitor. Compared with the existing direct current boost converter, the single-switch high-gain direct current boost converter has the characteristics of a larger boost transformation ratio under the condition of the same duty ratio, small input current ripple waves, the low voltage stress of the switch tube, a simple structure, convenient control and flexibility and the like, thereby being quite applicable for power generation systems of renewable energy source such as photovoltaic cells or fuel cells, with good application and popularization prospect.

The invention relates to an integrated test stand for transformers, which comprises a test stand body, a CPU (central processing unit), a keyboard, a liquid crystal display, a switch control circuit, a test wiring switching circuit, a bushing end shield grounding terminal, a wireless communication module, a remote controller, an LED display and an LED alarm lamp screen. The integrated test stand has the advantages that (1), a wire outlet terminal of a winding of a transformer can be automatically switched onto corresponding testing equipment according to testing items, equipment side wiring and instrument side wiring do not need to be changed, required testing staffs are few, testing time is short, and operation is safe; and (2), the testing items for insulating resistance of the winding, dielectric loss of the winding, direct-current resistance of the winding, low-voltage short-circuit impedance, on-load switch recording, transformation ratio of the winding, bushing testing and the like of the transformer can be completed by one-step wiring.

The invention discloses a method for the coproduction of xylose, lignin and ethanol from corncobs in the technical field of biochemical industry, comprising the following steps of: 1) hydrolyzing the corncobs under an acidic condition to obtain xylose solution and acidolysis residues; 2) performing alkaline liquor/alcohol extraction on the acidolysis residues to obtain lignin and lignin-free residues; 3) taking the lignin-free residues as an enzymolysis zymolyte, adding enzymolysis buffer solution, and performing enzymolysis using cellulase, thereby obtaining enzymolysis mixed solution; and 4) fermenting the enzymolysis mixed solution to produce ethanol solution. The method of coproduction of the invention comprehensively utilizes three components of the corncobs to obtain high value-added xylose and lignin products; and the cellulose content in the enzymolysis substrate is increased and the accessibility of the cellulase is improved, so that high transformation ratio of cellulose enzymolysis is realized. The method causes the utilization ratio of the lignocellulose raw material to be increased and the production cost of the cellulose ethanol to be reduced.

The invention brings forward a harmonic wave measuring and correcting method for capacitor voltage transformers through transformation ratio fitting. The method includes the steps: establishing a consistent equivalent circuit for capacitor voltage transformers with the same voltage level, conducting fitting according to equivalent circuit component parameters of a preset model, obtaining a transformation ratio amplitude-frequency response curve and a phase frequency response characteristic curve, adjusting the curves through a translation method or the like on the basis of a fitting result for different equivalent circuit component parameters of other models, and finally realizing correction. The wideband characteristics of capacitor voltage transformers are taken as standards for the actual transformation ratio of the capacitor voltage transformers, a measurement result of the capacitor voltage transformers is corrected at the harmonic frequency, and the problem that capacitor voltage transformers cannot be applied to harmonic wave measurement is solved. The harmonic wave measuring and correcting method is simple in calculation, exhibits the real-time performance, and enables the application bandwidth of capacitor voltage transformers to be increased.

The invention discloses a DC-DC converter additionally provided with a buffer and a method for reducing the backflow power. Buffer capacitors are respectively connected to IGBT power switching tubes of the DC-DC converter in parallel so as to form a buffer. The flowing direction of power is controlled according to the demand for power of the left side and the right side of the dual-active-bride DC-DC converter, the output power and the backflow power are defined, soft switching conditions under different voltage transformation ratios K are analyzed and compared by adopting a double phase shiftcontrol method, and a transmission power limit and an optimal backflow power control program are calculated and optimized. The backflow power at the right side is used for charging an inductor and the backflow power at the right side is taken as a control target in the control. According to the method, the DC-DC converter deploys a buffer on a power switch, thereby effectively improving the performance of the converter, suppressing the overvoltage peak, reducing EMI (electromagnetic interference), and reducing the loss of the power switching tubes. Compared with the adoption of a single phaseshift method, the adoption of the double phase shift control method has the advantages that the backflow power of the converter is significantly reduced and stabilized, the application prospect is very wide, and popularization is carried out easily.

The invention relates to a method for improving the conversion rate of calcium in sheep bone by jointly utilizing enzymolysis and fermentation, comprising the following steps: 1) enzymolysis liquid of the sheep bone is prepared; 2) strains are activated; 3) the strains are acclimatized; and 4) the enzymolysis liquid of the sheep bone is fermented. The method can greatly increase the conversion rate of calcium in sheep bone, thus improving the effective utilization of calcium in sheep bone by human body. The product prepared by the method is a superior and effective raw material for enriching calcium. The raw material can be processed into foods, drinks or health care preparations through various conventional methods.

The invention provides a highly active potassium base solid absorbent for CO2 in the process of removing flue gas and a preparation method thereof. The solid absorbent takes hexagonal crystal system potassium carbonate as the active component, coal activated carbon or wood activated carbon or silochrom as a carrier; and the solid absorbent is made by a method of impregnation. The materials required by the absorbent is chemical medicine and carrier which are cheap and easy to be obtained; the preparation of the absorbent has simple process and low cost, the carbonatation temperature ranges from 60 DEG C to 80 DEG C, while the regeneration temperature ranges from 100 DEG C to 200 DEG C, and the absorbent belongs to a low-temperature absorbent. Under the temperature, the absorbent is not easy to lose activity, and can maintain a higher transformation ratio after multiple circulations. The highly active potassium base solid absorbent for CO2 in the process of removing flue gas and the preparation method provide a key technology for the application of the technique about removing the CO2 by a dry method for an alkali metal base absorbent and has a wide application prospect.