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1 results about "Bond energy" patented technology

In chemistry, bond energy (E) or bond enthalpy (H) is the measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. IUPAC defines bond energy as the average value of the gas-phase bond dissociation energies (usually at a temperature of 298 K) for all bonds of the same type within the same chemical species. For example, the carbon–hydrogen bond energy in methane H(C–H) is the enthalpy change involved with breaking up one molecule of methane into a carbon atom and four hydrogen radicals, divided by 4. Tabulated bond energies are generally values of bond energies averaged over a number of selected typical chemical species containing that type of bond. Bond energy (E) or bond enthalpy (H) should not be confused with bond-dissociation energy. Bond energy is the average of all the bond-dissociation energies in a molecule, and will show a different value for a given bond than the bond-dissociation energy would. This is because the energy required to break a single bond in a specific molecule differs for each bond in that molecule. For example, methane has four C–H bonds and the bond-dissociation energies are 435 kJ/mol for D(CH₃–H), 444 kJ/mol for D(CH₂–H), 444 kJ/mol for D(CH–H) and 339 kJ/mol for D(C–H). Their average, and hence the bond energy, is 414 kJ/mol, even though not a single bond required specifically 414 kJ/mol to be broken.

Method of homolytic and heterolytic cleavage in molecules of gases and liquids

PendingUS20260155273A1Gas treatmentSequential/parallel process reactionsBond energyMass number
The method is for homolytic and heterolytic cleavage in molecules of gases and liquids with the release of bonding energy and its use to change the internal geometric architecture of some molecules, leading to the synthesis of new chemical compounds that are not contained in the initial gases and liquids, with the secondary release of energy during the synthesis process, without carrying out nuclear reactions on equipment for its realization, characterised by an increase in the energy of the work environment and use of this energy to generate thermal energy with simultaneous synthesis of new chemical compounds, in consequence of the physical effect of a standing pressure wave on the gas and liquid molecules at various temperatures, where the temperature is a measure of activation energy, and subsequent dissociation of the molecules into atoms or fragments of molecules (radicals), partial ionization of atoms and subsequent transformation of the bonds in atoms of the molecules with no change to atomic number but with a change to atomic mass and in the proton-neutron ratio. The method also consists in the direct conversion of neutron mass into the mass equivalent to the total mass of 1 electron and 1 proton that do not go beyond the framework of the electrodynamic interaction of electrons and the nucleus, which ensures the absence of radiation, where the method also consists in the transformation of an atom into a chemical molecule or the reverse transformation of 1 electron and 1 proton into 1 neutron from the volume, where these elementary particles can be free, with external exchange of energy and mass equalling the mass with a positive charge and equal to the reduction in the mass of the neutron and proton. The method furthermore consists in a back reaction to the physical effect consisting in the formation of new chemical compounds that are not contained in the initial gases and liquids, with the release of the energy produced during the process of recombination of atoms into the original molecules, where the execution of the proposed method takes place through a combination of initial influences, such as for example: 12 C 1 H 4=16 Ne=16 O, while the method further consists in rearranging the architecture of some molecules without changing the atomic number, mass number, atomic weight as a reaction to a physical impact, during which new chemical compounds are synthesized, including those that they are not contained in the initial gases and liquids, while the energy generated during these synthesis reactions is released, for example 14 N 2=12 C 16 O; 12 C 16 O 2=14 N 2 16 O. The proposed method is implemented by a combination of initial influences, such as:increase in temperature of up to 250° C., ideally 140° C. to 150° C.;reduction in pressure (creation of a reduced atmosphere) to-100 kPa, ideally-65 kPa;generation of standing pressure waves;electric discharge (tribostatic discharge, barrier, spark) with a breakdown voltage of 1 to 15 kV;the value of the magnetic field in the reactor based on the discharge in the gas is 70 to 120 nTl;micro-explosions;impact, impact force, at which negative acceleration at from 50,000 to 150,000 g occurs;or a combination of these influences.The apparatus for converting hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gases and liquids consists ofan acceleration module, which is a piece of apparatus accelerating a mixture of gas and liquid up to a speed of 30 to 400 m / s;a deceleration module, which is a tribostatic energy generator covering 70% to 90% of the reactor's cross-section;a tribostatic generator, which consists of two electrodes which are placed side by side an on which positive and negative charges are mutually created;a reduced atmosphere zone after the deceleration module.
Owner:DEREROY & CO AS