3699 results about "Step method" patented technology

A system and method for etching a material, including a compound having a formulation of XYZ, wherein X and Y are one or more metals and Z is selected from one or more Group 13-16 elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, boron, silicon, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium, are disclosed. The method includes a first etch process to form one or more first volatile compounds and a metal-depleted layer and a second etch process to remove at least a portion of the metal-depleted layer.

A one step method for transferring money from a sender to a recipient includes entering information relating to the transfer into a near field communication (NFC) enabled data communication device of the sender and then placing the sender's device in close proximity to a NFC enabled data communication device of the recipient. The sender's device is operable when placed in contact with or close proximity to the recipient's device to 1) establish an NFC link between the two devices, 2) gather information relating to the recipient from the recipient's device via the NFC link, and 3) transmit the information relating to the transfer and the recipient to a third party service provider via another network, such as the Internet, and thereby cause the service provider to transfer the money from a funding account of the sender to a receiving account of the recipient.

The invention provides a method for detecting and tracking vehicles through processing a video image of a traffic scene, comprising the following steps of: collecting images of the traffic scene; deblocking a traffic image according to 8 multiplied by 8 pixels; initiating and continuously updating a background image; setting a virtual detection line with a width of 8 pixels vertical to a direction of a traffic lane at the entrance of the traffic lane; detecting the vehicles through calculating the variation of a gray scale of blocks on the virtual detection line relative to the background image; labeling the blocks belonging to the regions of the vehicles by using a sequence that the vehicles reach the detection line; receiving initial positions of labels of the vehicles; calculating motion vectors of the vehicles by combining a three-step method and a full search method and constantly updating the positions of the labels of the vehicles by using the motion vectors so as to implement the tracking of vehicles. The method also performs detection and splitting against an occlusion occurrence between vehicles in a complicated traffic scene, thereby having the advantages of high accuracy of detection and tracking and good real-time performance.

The invention relates to a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, a preparation method and an application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of concrete additives. The polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is prepared by using industrializedly produced isobutenol polyether or isoamylenol polyether with relatively good performances as a monomer A, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated acid anhydride or unsaturated ester as a monomer B and unsaturated sulfonic acid and salts thereof as a monomer C, according to a water reducing agent functional group theory and a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent molecule design theory; and co-polymerizing the monomer A, B and C. A polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent product is obtained in a water solution via a one-step method, under initiation of a redox initiation system, by introducing carboxyls or ester groups having the functions of delayed coagulation and slump resistance, and the sulfonic acid groups having high water reducing effect into the molecular structure of the water reducing agent and controlling a material ratio and material-feeding modes. Besides, cost can be further reduced by selecting a proper redox system to make the polymerization carried out at a low temperature. The method is suitable for industrialize production.

Methods and computer program for determining a model pattern of a diffracting structure for use in semiconductor metrology, in which methods a series of process steps to be employed in fabrication of a diffracting structure, such as a diffracting structure fabricated on a semiconductor substrate employing a lithographic process, are specified, and each such specified process step is successively simulated to produce a model pattern of the diffracting structure. The methods further provides for generation of libraries of model patterns and simulated diffraction signatures based thereon, and optionally further provides for comparing diffraction signatures of measured diffracting structures to simulated diffraction signatures of members of the set of model patterns of the diffracting structure, selection of one or more close match simulated diffraction signatures, and deriving one or more parameters associated with the measured diffracting structures.

A multi-step method for depositing ruthenium thin films having high conductivity and superior adherence to the substrate is described. The method includes the deposition of a ruthenium nucleation layer followed by the deposition of a highly conductive ruthenium upper layer. Both layers are deposited using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) employing low deposition rates.

The invention discloses a preparing method of hydrocarbon based on once carbinol, which comprises the following steps: heating carbinol to reacting temperature; entering into the reactor with acid siallite zeolite molecular sieve catalyst; transmitting into hydrocarbon compound at 300-500 deg.c under 0.1-5.0 Mpa with the speed at 0.1-10.0h-1; cooling; separating the C5+ hydrocarbon product and gas phase part; entering gas phase in the compressor; making partial liquid leave system; adopting others as circulating material to blend with raw carbinol; returning to reactor to proceed next reaction.

The invention provides a method for preparing ethylenediamine from reactants of glycol and ammonia in the presence of a solid catalyst with a main component of copper through a hydrogenation and amination one-step method. The method comprises the following steps of: making glycol containing water or not containing water and ammonia enter a reactor filled with the catalyst with a main component of copper, performing dehydrogenation to obtain the ethylenediamine and water and an ethanolamine byproduct, and separating the mixture obtained through reaction to obtain the product of ethylenediamine.

A method for cleaning oil wells to increase the flow of oil thereof by use of a unique cleaning emulsion comprising of water, hydrocarbon solvent, terpene hydrocarbon material, demulsifier, detergent, and optionally an acid. This one step method provides for the simultaneously cleaning / removal of asphaltene and / or paraffin and scale at a wide range of temperatures. This method can be used alone or with the assistance of a wash tool which is a combination pressure and surge wash tool having a nipple assembly, or a hydro self-rotating nozzle wash tool.

The invention provides a method for preparing high base number (TBN400) synthetic calcium alkyl-benzene sulfonate. The method comprises the following steps of: adopting a mixed acid of long-chain linear alkyl-benzene sulfonic acid and high-boiling heavy alkyl-benzene sulfonic acid, calcium oxide and / or calcium hydroxide, low-carbon alcohol, alkaline-earth metal halide or nitrate, and a mixture of alkaline-earth metal alkylphenol or alkaline-earth metal alkylphenate and polyisobutylene succinic anhydride for a neutralization reaction in the presence of a solvent and cutback oil at a temperature of between 40 and 80 DEG C; then, passing through carbon dioxide to a product of the neutralization reaction at a temperature of between 40 and 60 DEG C for a carbonation reaction; and producing high base synthetic alkyl-benzene sulfonate with a total base number (TBN) of 400mgKOH / g by adopting a process of a one-step method. The product is divided into high-base number (TBN400) synthetic alkyl-benzene sulfonate containing chlorine and high-base number (TBN400) synthetic alkyl-benzene sulfonate without the chlorine. The product produced by adopting the method with low viscosity, small turbidity, easy filtration, light color and no skin formation has the advantages of excellent high-temperature detergency, excellent anti-foaming property and excellent heat storage stability.

The invention discloses an ether polycarboxylic water reducing agent which is obtained through water solution copolymerization of three types of monomers of 10-70 percent of allyl polyxyethylated alcohol ether, 20-70 percent of acrylic acid and 10-30 percent of hydroxy-ethyl acrylate. Due to the introduction of hydroxy-ethyl acrylate, the ether polycarboxylic water reducing agent reduces the self-polymerization proportion of the acrylic acid, improves the copolymerization proportion, and greatly reduces the cost of the raw materials; in addition, the molecular weight of the polymer is controllable, the water reduction rate is high, the loss of slump constant with the time is low, and the prepared concrete has high fluidity, good workability, and enough early strength in the beginning of hardening. Besides, the preparation technique of the ether polycarboxylic water reducing agent is a one-step method, the operation is simple, the reaction conditions are easy to control, the production period is short, and the ether polycarboxylic water reducing agent is green and environment-friendly, has low cost and is applicable to industrial production on large scale.

The invention provides an automatic focusing method of a camera. The automatic focusing method is characterized in that respective treatment is provided for selection of focusing windows correspondingly to normal illumination and low illumination, and on the basis without increasing excessive calculation, the inclusion of information at the upper half part, the left side and the right side of a picture in the focusing process is considered. A focus-adjusting search control strategy adopts an improved hill-climbing algorithm and comprises the steps of: firstly carrying out rough adjustment, then finding an extreme point by function fitting, driving a motor to reach near the extreme point, and then adopting a small-step method to carry out fine adjustment near the extreme point by the hill-climbing algorithm so as to enable the focusing to be more accurate. For the evaluation of the image definition, a Brenner function is adopted as an evaluation function of automatic focusing and is suitable for quickly finding the clearest point of the image in a manner of matching with the focusing process.

The invention relates to an excavation construction method of an ultra-shallow buried uneven weathered stratum of a tunnel. A segmented step method is used for construction, and a tunnel section is divided into a left side of an upper station, a right side of the upper station, a middle station and a lower station; each segment of step is sequentially constructed circularly, one-time excavation length of each segment of step is not larger than 30m preferably, and a middle partition wall is changed into a straight wall from the traditional curved wall at the left side of the upper station. Thus, for the uneven weathered stratum in the shallow buried area of wall rocks, the dynamic construction method using the segmented step method has little process interference, reduces the construction cost, has simple operation, safety, reliability, less temporary support, low fund investment and high construction speed, is suitable for large machinery for construction, and ensures that the whole construction process is in a safe, stable, high-quality and high-speed controllable state.

The invention provides a method for preparing biodiesel from microalgae. The method comprises the following steps of: a. changing collected microalgae from the wet algae into algae block or algae powder; b. mixing a catalyst into low-carbon alcohol, directly adding the algae block or the algae powder obtained by the step a, and carrying out ester exchange reaction to prepare the biodiesel; c. after the reaction is stopped, adding an organic solvent for extracting reaction solution which is divided into organic solvent phase used for extraction, low-carbon alcohol water-adding phase and algae mud; and d. after the extraction is completed, collecting the organic solvent phase used for extraction, removing the organic solvent by distillation, and obtaining oily liquid, namely crude products of the biodiesel. After preparing the biodiesel, the steps that the low-carbon alcohol water-adding phase is used circularly after dewatered by a solid drying agent, and the produced algae mud is used for producing biogas by biological fermentation are added. The invention completes the oil extraction of microalgae and biodiesel production by one step, simplifies the technique steps and equipment, saves cost; the sulphuric acid and low-carbon alcohol used for production can be recovered, then dewatered by drying, then utilized repeatedly, the cost is reduced, the final product is neutral, does not need washing and reduces the downstream processing pressure; and simultaneously, chlorophyll is mainly concentrated in the low-carbon alcohol, reduces the interference of the chlorophyll to the color of the product and does not need the step of decoloring.

The invention provides a microfluidic device and a method for preparing microgel by using the microfluidic device. The method comprises the steps of (1) taking a solution containing live cells or bioactive molecules, a photocuring agent and a hydrogel prepolymer as an internal phase, taking a mixed solution containing oil and an surfactant as an intermediate phase, and taking a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution as an external phase; (2) respectively conveying the internal phase, the intermediate phase and the external phase into a corresponding microchannel of the microfluidic device through a micro pump or a micro injector to form a monodispersed water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion; (3) enabling the monodispersed water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion in the step (2) to pass through an output channel of the microfluidic device, and collecting the monodispersed water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion in the step (2) into a collection vessel filled with an aqueous solution, thus obtaining the microgel immobilizing with the live cells or the bioactive molecules. The preparation of the microgel immobilizing with cells by a one-step method is realized, the obtained microgel is controllable in size, and narrow in size distribution, and meanwhile the survival rate of cells is maintained.

The invention discloses a static blasting construction method for a high-ground-stress soft-rock highway tunnel. The method comprises the steps of establishing of a tunnel excavation mode: a three-step method is used for excavation when surrounding rock is at the V level, and an upper and down step method is used for excavation when the surrounding rock is at the IV and III levels; cut hole construction: a diamond cutting mode and a wedge cutting mode are used for cutting holes according to different levels of the surrounding rock; rock breaking through splitting of a hydraulic splitter to form an excavation free face: the hydraulic rock splitter is used for splitting rock along a cut hole after construction of the cut hole to form the excavation free face for the next step; construction of an auxiliary hole and periphery holes of an upper step; construction of an auxiliary hole and periphery holes of a lower (middle) step; static blasting and de-slagging and hole periphery trimming; and circulation operation. According to the static blasting construction method, the rock breaking capacity and the rock breaking efficiency are high, high adaptability is provided for different surrounding rock, the technology can be implemented easily, the construction is safe and reliable, and the method is particularly applicable to highway tunnels with special construction requirements.

The invention relates to a method of low temperature cleaning and applying an antimicrobial treatment to food and beverage plant equipment. In addition, the method includes carbon dioxide compatible chemistry. The method may be achieved through a multi-step method.

A preparation method of a silicon dioxide / polyvinylidene fluoride composite nano-fiber membrane relates to the technical fields of preparing modified nano-silicon dioxide by a sol-gel method, preparing a silicon dioxide / polyvinylidene fluoride nano-fiber membrane by an electrostatic spinning device and the like. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing the modified nano-silicon dioxide in virtue of a sol-gel principle by a one-step method; mixing the modified nano-silicon dioxide with the polyvinylidene fluoride; and preparing the composite nano-fiber by an electrostatic spinning technology. The preparation method helps relieve the disadvantages of low strength of the nano-fiber, long preparation flow of the modified nano-silicon dioxide, complex process and the like in the electrostatic spinning technology. The nano-fiber prepared by the method has the advantages of high strength, high machinability, short fiber diameter and uniform distribution and can be widely applied to a plurality of fields such as lithium ion battery diaphragm, filtering, biomedical material and the like.

The invention discloses a tungsten slag treatment method. The tungsten slag treatment method comprises the following steps of: dissolving: mixing tungsten slag and 15 to 30 percent HCl solution of 50 to 65 DEG C, adding a tungsten stabilizing agent, and performing filtration after the reaction is finished to obtain acid solution; and reclaiming tungsten: adsorbing the tungsten in the acid solution by adopting weak alkali acrylic acid series anion exchange resin to obtain tail solution I, resolving the exchange resin by using sodium hydroxide solution to obtain sodium tungstate, and reclaimingthe tungsten from the sodium tungstate. By using the technical scheme, the tungsten slag is leached at a low temperature under normal pressure by adopting the HCl solution, and the tungsten is directly reclaimed by a one-step method under the acid condition; and the process is simple and low in reclamation cost.

The invention relates to an initiating system for preparing high-reaction activity polyisobutene and a copolymer of polyisobutene, which comprises an initiator for initiating the cationic polymerization of an isobutene-containing material, a coinitiator and a compounding ingredient, wherein the coinitiator is FeCl3; the compounding ingredient is an oxygen- or sulfur-containing organic compound; the molar mixing ratio of the FeCl3 and the isobutene raw material ranges from 0.01 to 3.0; the molar mixing ratio of the initiator to the FeCl3 ranges from 0.1 to 2.0; and the molar mixing ratio of the compounding ingredient to the FeCl3 ranges from 0.1 to 3.4. In the invention, the FeCl3 is used as the compounding ingredient to be compounded with the oxygen- or sulfur-containing compounding ingredient to promote a reaction for removing active central carbocations beta-H, thus the high-reaction activity polyisobutene and the copolymer of polyisobutene, which have terminal alpha-double bond content of more than 75mol percent (even over 90 percent) and narrow molecular weight distribution, can be obtained by a one-step method. The process steps are simplified. The production cost is low. Therepeatability is high. The environmental pollution is light. And the industrial application is easy.

The invention discloses an independent tobacco cutting process and independent tobacco cutting equipment based on paper making method regenerated tobacco leaf processing characteristics. The process comprises the following process steps: opening a box, shoving tobacco leaves, loosening, regaining moisture, cutting, drying and mixing. The equipment comprises a box opening machine, a tobacco leaf shoving machine, a high-frequency-vibrating loosening machine, a moisture regaining machine, a cutting machine and a roller cut tobacco drying machine, wherein the mechanisms can be arranged and can operate alone or in combination through the connection by a material conveying and feeding mechanism. The process and the equipment can cut the boxed regenerated tobacco leaves independently according to the processing characteristics of the boxed regenerated tobacco leaves, thereby improving the effective utilization rate of the paper making method regenerated tobacco leaves, effectively retaining fragrance, improving visual quality, and making the prepared regenerated cut tobacco uniform in length and good in looseness so that the cut tobacco can be blended with other cut tobacco uniformly. The process and the equipment have high adaptability; meanwhile, according to the change in the form of supplied materials, 'three-step method' tobacco cutting adopted in the prior art is changed into one-step cutting with the same effect, the production efficiency is improved and the production cost is lowered.

The invention provides a porous polymer material and a preparation method thereof. The porous polymer provided by the invention is prepared by crosslinking aromatic compounds with a crosslinking agent; the specific area of the porous polymer material is up to 2000 m<2>g<-1>, and the controllable range of the pore size is 0.3-100nm; and the porous polymer material can be used as a catalyst carrier, separation membrane, gas storage material and ion adsorbent. The preparation method comprises the following step: by using dimethoxymethane or chloromethyl methyl ether as the crosslinking agent andusing Lewis acid as the catalyst, crosslinking various aromatic compounds to obtain the porous polymer material by a one step method. The method has the characteristics of cheap and accessible raw materials and simple preparation technology, and the varieties of the aromatic compounds can be flexibly selected according to different application demands.

The invention discloses a method for preparing N-benzyl maleimide which adopts maleic anhydride and aniline as raw materials to take imidation reaction in benzene reaction solvent in the presence of an inhibitor and a mixed dehydration catalyst to obtain the target product of the invention. The purity of the N-benzyl maleimide prepared by the one-step method of the invention reaches more than 98.5 percent, and the yield is 90-92 percent. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of less reaction time, short period and safe and convenient operation. A post-processing method of directly drying out the solvent and recycling the solvent is adopted, so that the yield is improved, three wastes are reduced, the operational environment is improved and the quality of products is stable. The method is applied to the large-scale industrial production.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a durable cellulose fiber fabric with a super-hydrophobic surface. The method comprises the following three steps: preparing modified SiO2 composite sol, preparing a modified fabric and performing super-hydrophobic finishing on the fabric. The active groups are introduced into nanometer SiO2 and fiber surface, the fabric is finished by adopting a simple one-step method, the binding force between the fabric and the inorganic nanometer SiO2 is enhanced by virtue of the active groups on the fiber surface and the cross-linking effect on the modified SiO2 surface, the covalent bonding firmness between the modified sol and the surface of the modified cellulose fiber fabric is improved, and the super-hydrophobic interface of a fluoride-free cellulose fiber fabric with certain washing fastness is finally obtained. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method disclosed by the invention is economical and environmentally friendly, and the industrial production is promoted.

The one-step method for reeling the silk of fresh silkworm cocoon includes cold storage, freezing for antistaling, investigating quality of cocoon, screening, vacuumizing, absorbing water, discharging water, reeling silk, heating and winding. Its advantage is high silk quality.

A rock stratum double initial support layering method for establishing a large-scale underground structure mainly includes the following steps: excavating the side headings of an arch part, excavating the upper steps on the middle heading of the arch part, setting the double-layer initial supports of the arch part, setting a mud jacking steel pipe, setting an arch springing girder, excavating the lower steps on the middle heading of the arch part, and three-layered excavating the foundation under the middle heading of the arch part and the two side headings of the arch part. The rock stratum double initial support layering method for establishing the large-scale underground structure combines multiple technologies as advanced small pipe, big pipe shed and section steel support with multiple mining excavation technologies such as PBA method, side drifts-support method, CRD method and step method, not only can satisfactorily control the structural deformation and the stratum settlement, but also has the advantages of simple process, convenience for construction and organization, high construction efficiency, saved project cost and the like.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a charcoal nanometer zero-valent iron compound with a one-step method. The method comprises the following steps of after adsorbing water-soluble iron salt with biomass, performing heating pyrolysis by virtue of microwaves under the anaerobic condition; and reducing iron ions into zero-valent iron by taking pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis process as a reducing agent, adsorbing zero-valent iron ultrafine particles in situ by taking charcoal produced in the pyrolysis process as a porous adsorption carrier, and synthesizing the charcoal nanometer zero-valent iron compound with the one-step method and low cost. Charcoal zero-valent iron provided by the invention has very strong adsorption performance and the ability of reducing and degrading organicchloride, bisphenol A and antibiotics, has obvious adsorption and passivation effects to heavy metals and can provide an effective repair material to removal or passivation of organic chloride residues, bisphenol A, the antibiotics and heavy metal residues which are difficultly degraded in water body and soil.

The invention discloses a weak surrounding rock, tunnel intersection and arc-shaped pilot tunnel construction method. The method is characterized by consisting of the following steps: (1) excavating and supporting a mouth of a transverse hole; (2) constructing an advancing large pipe roof; (3) excavating and supporting a body of the transverse hole; (4) performing transverse hole inverted arch construction and bottom plate construction; (5) performing intersection door opening construction; (6) performing direct top brushing type excavation and supporting on an arc-shaped pilot tunnel; (7) mounting and supporting an upper guide arch frame of a front hole; (8) disassembling the temporary support of the arc-shaped pilot tunnel; (9) excavating and supporting the front hole by a step method; (10) constructing lining reinforced concrete on the body of the transverse hole; (11) excavating and supporting the front hole and adding a temporary inverted arch; (12) constructing a front hole inverted arch and adding a temporary cross brace; (13) constructing an inverted arch on the intersection front hole; (14) constructing lining reinforced concrete on the intersection; and (15) shifting to normal construction of the front hole. The arc-shaped pilot tunnel construction section is smaller than the front hole excavating section; the potential safety hazards of the arch change of the weak surrounding rock are avoided; the temporary work amount is small; the construction efficiency is high; the transverse hole at the intersection does not climb; and the stressed effect of the special-shaped arch frame of the front hole is good.

A supported non-noble metal catalyst used for preparation of an azo compound from an aromatic nitro compound by hydrogenation coupling is disclosed, an active component of the supported non-noble metal catalyst is any one or more than two of Co, Mn, Fe, Ni and Cu, a carrier is a nitrogen-doped carbon-inorganic oxide composite, the content of the active component in the catalyst is 0.1-15wt%, and an inorganic oxide is any one of alumina, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, silica, SBA-15, magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, titanium oxide and cerium oxide. A preparation process is as follows: the active component and a nitrogen-containing complex are together impregnated on the inorganic oxide, and then calcined at certain temperature. The catalyst has excellent catalytic performance in the preparation of the azo compound from a nitro compound by selective hydrogenation coupling one-step method. The catalyst is simple in preparation, and has high catalytic activity and stability.

The invention discloses a core-shell structure catalyst and a method for preparing low-carbon olefin by using a synthetic gas one-step method. The core-shell structure catalyst couples methanol synthesis reaction and MTO (Methanol To Olefin) reaction together, so that synthetic gas is converted into the low-carbon olefin in one step. The core-shell structure catalyst takes a methanol synthesis catalyst as a core and an MTO reaction catalyst as a shell. The method for preparing the low-carbon olefin in one step on the core-shell structure catalyst comprises the following processes of: enabling reaction gas to firstly permeate through a shell catalyst pore channel to enter a core catalyst for reaction to generate methanol, enabling the generated methanol to be in contact with an active center of a shell catalyst in the process of dispersing the shell catalyst and reacting to generate the low-carbon olefin. The core-shell structure catalyst and the method have the benefits that the process route is simplified, the reaction equilibrium of the methanol synthesis reaction is broken through, and the conversion rate of CO (Carbonic Oxide) is improved; a shell simultaneously restrains the contact of the generated olefin with the core catalyst and prevents the generated olefin from being catalyzed into alkane by the catalyst; and a unique pore channel structure of the shell also has an effect of molecule screening, so that the generation of high-carbon products is reduced.