3016 results about "Spinel" patented technology

A method for growing planar, semi-polar nitride film on a miscut spinel substrate, in which a large area of the planar, semi-polar nitride film is parallel to the substrate's surface. The planar films and substrates are: (1) {10{overscore (1)}1} gallium nitride (GaN) grown on a {100} spinel substrate miscut in specific directions, (2) {10{overscore (1)}3} gallium nitride (GaN) grown on a {110} spinel substrate, (3) {11{overscore (2)}2} gallium nitride (GaN) grown on a {1{overscore (1)}00} sapphire substrate, and (4) {11{overscore (1)}3} gallium nitride (GaN) grown on a {1{overscore (1)}00} sapphire substrate

A lithium-ion battery includes a cathode that includes an active cathode material. The active cathode material includes a cathode mixture that includes a lithium cobaltate and a manganate spinel a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li_(1+x1)(Mn_1−y1A′_y2)_2−x2O_z1. The lithium cobaltate and the manganate spinel are in a weight ratio of lithium cobaltate: manganate spinel between about 0.95:0.05 to about 0.55:0.45. A lithium-ion battery pack employs a cathode that includes an active cathode material as described above. A method of forming a lithium-ion battery includes the steps of forming an active cathode material as described above; forming a cathode electrode with the active cathode material; and forming an anode electrode in electrical contact with the cathode via an electrolyte.

A method of controlled p-type conductivity in (Al,In,Ga,B)N semiconductor crystals. Examples include {10 11} GaN films deposited on {100} MgAl₂O₄ spinel substrate miscut in the <011> direction. Mg atoms may be intentionally incorporated in the growing semipolar nitride thin film to introduce available electronic states in the band structure of the semiconductor crystal, resulting in p-type conductivity. Other impurity atoms, such as Zn or C, which result in a similar introduction of suitable electronic states, may also be used.

A ferromagnetic tunnel junction structure comprising a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer, and a tunnel barrier layer that is interposed between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer, wherein the tunnel barrier layer includes a crystalline non-magnetic material having constituent elements that are similar to those of an crystalline oxide that has spinel structure as a stable phase structure; the non-magnetic material has a cubic structure having a symmetry of space group Fm-3m or F-43m in which atomic arrangement in the spinel structure is disordered; and an effective lattice constant of the cubic structure is substantially half of the lattice constant of the oxide of the spinel structure.

In one embodiment, an active cathode material comprises a mixture that includes: at least one of a lithium cobaltate and a lithium nickelate; and at least one of a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li_(1+x1)(Mn_1−y1A′_y1)_2−x1O_z1 and an olivine compound represented by an empirical formula of Li_(1−x2)A″_x2MPO₄. In another embodiment, an active cathode material comprises a mixture that includes: a lithium nickelate selected from the group consisting of LiCoO₂-coated LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂, and Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂; and a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li_(1+x7)Mn_2−y7O_z7. A lithium-ion battery and a battery pack each independently employ a cathode that includes an active cathode material as described above. A method of forming a lithium-ion battery includes the steps of forming an active cathode material as described above; forming a cathode electrode with the active cathode material; and forming an anode electrode in electrical contact with the cathode via an electrolyte. A system comprises a portable electronic device and a battery pack or lithium-ion battery as described above.

The invention discloses a lithium ion battery and a positive material, the positive material possesses a core-shell structure, the material of a core layer is at least one of lithium cobaltate, a ternary material and a lithium manganese material, the material of a shell layer is lithium nickel manganese spinel. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing the sol shell layer material, then adding the core layer material in the sol, stirring, drying and calcining to prepare the lithium ion battery positive material with the core-shell structure. In addition, the invention also discloses the lithium ion battery prepared by the positive material with the core-shell structure, the end of charge voltage is 4.3-4.7V(vs. Li), the lithium ion battery has excellent charge and discharge cycling performance and high temperature storage performance under high voltage.

A battery pack includes nonaqueous electrolyte batteries each comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode contains a lithium-transition metal oxide having a layered crystal structure. The negative electrode contains a lithium-titanium composite oxide having a spinel structure. And the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes satisfy the formula (1) given below:

1.02≦X≦2   (1)

where X is a ratio of an available electric capacity of each of the negative electrodes at 25° C. to an available electric capacity of each of the positive electrodes at 25° C.

The present invention relates to a copper-manganese mixed oxide cathode material, which is suitable for use in a cathode of an electrochemical cell, and which has the formula Mn_xCu_yO_z,.nH₂O, wherein the oxidation state of Cu is between about +1 and about +3, the oxidation state of Mn is between about +2 and about +7, x is equal to about 3−y, y is less than about 3, z is calculated or experimentally determined, using means known in the art, based on the values of x and y, as well as the oxidation states of Mn and Cu, and nH₂O represents the surface and structural water present in the mixed oxide material. The present invention further relates to an electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and a separator disposed between the anode and cathode, and an electrolyte in fluid communication with the anode, the cathode and the separator, wherein the cathode comprises the noted cathode material. The present invention still further relates to such an active cathode material, or an alternative cathode material, wherein the copper-manganese mixed oxide comprises a defect spinel-type structure, which is also suitable for use as a cathode component of an alkaline electrochemical cell.

A process for producing a high temperature CO_x-lean product gas from a high temperature CO_x-containing feed gas, includes: providing a sorption enhanced reactor containing a first adsorbent, a shift catalyst and a second adsorbent; feeding into the reactor a feed gas containing H₂, H₂O, CO and CO₂; contacting the feed gas with the first adsorbent to provide a CO₂ depleted feed gas; contacting the CO₂ depleted feed gas with the shift catalyst to form a product mixture comprising CO₂ and H₂; and contacting the product mixture with a mixture of second adsorbent and shift catalyst to produce the product gas, which contains at least 50 vol. % H₂, and less than 5 combined vol. % of CO₂ and CO. The adsorbent is a high temperature adsorbent for a Sorption Enhanced Reaction process, such as K₂CO₃ promoted hydrotalcites, modified double-layered hydroxides, spinels, modified spinels, and magnesium oxides.

A nanocomposite ceramic includes a uniform combination of a ceramic spinel phase and an alumina phase, wherein each phase exhibits a grain size in the range of from about 0.1 nm to 10,000 nm.

The invention relates to a spinel nickel manganese acid lithium and layered lithium-rich manganese-based composite cathode material with a core-shell structure and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of material synthesis. The prepared lithium ion composite cathode material takes a layered lithium-rich manganese-based Li[Lia(NixCoyMnz)]O2 as a core material, takes spinel nickel manganese acid lithium LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 as a shell material; a coprecipitation method is employed to obtain a core-shell precursor, the core-shell precursor and the lithium source are uniformly mixed and calcined to obtain the spinel nickel manganese acid lithium and layered lithium-rich manganese-based composite cathode material with the core-shell structure. According to the invention, the layered lithium-rich manganese-based is taken as the core material, and the spinel nickel manganese acid lithium is taken as the shell material; under the prerequisite that material gram capacity is kept, material structural stability is increased, material cycle, multiplying power and safety performances are improved, function composite and complementation of the core material and the shell layer material can be realized, and the problem that high capacity and high security can not be achieved simultaneously is solved. The composite cathode material has the advantages of simple process and obviously increased performance.

The present invention discloses positive electrodes and their methods of fabrication. These electrodes are low in cost. Lithium rechargeable batteries that use these positive electrodes have excellent cycling properties at high temperature. The positive electrode of the embodiments of this invention comprises of a current collector coated by two layers of active materials for positive electrodes. The active material for the first layer of coating is one or more active materials selected from the following: spinel lithium manganese oxide, and spinel lithium manganese oxide derivatives. The active material for the second layer of coating is one or more active material selected from the following: lithium cobalt oxide, lithium cobalt oxide derivatives, lithium nickel oxide, and lithium nickel oxide derivatives. To fabricate these positive electrodes, a first layer of coating comprising of the active materials stated above is applied onto a current collector and then dried before a second layer of coating is applied onto the surface of the first layer of coating. The positive electrode is obtained after the current collector with the two layers of coating is dried a second time and then pressed to form a slice.

A sulfur oxide storage material contains a magnesium-aluminum spinel (MgO.Al2O3) and can be used as a so-called "sulfur trap" to remove sulfur oxides from oxygen-containing exhaust gases of industrial processes. In particular, it can be used for the catalytic purification of exhaust gas from internal-combustion engines to remove the sulfur oxides from the exhaust gas in order to protect the exhaust gas catalysts from sulfur poisoning. The material displays a molar ratio of magnesium oxide to aluminum oxide in the range of over 1.1:1, and the magnesium oxide present in stoichiometric excess is homogeneously distributed in a highly disperse form in the storage material.

Using a positive electrode active material including spinel type manganese oxide as the main constituent, a novel low cost and high output power flat type nonaqueous secondary cell for HEVs that has increased safety at overcharge, and superior storage properties and cycle life is provided. A flat type nonaqueous secondary cell that has increased safety and is superior in storage and cycle properties even though the cell is a laminate type cell which does not have a blocking mechanism can be obtained by blending the spinel type lithium manganese oxide of the positive electrode and 5 wt % to 40 wt % of layered type lithium manganese oxide, to suppress storage deterioration at a high temperature and to simultaneously achieve safety when overcharged, and further, by adding a Li compound having a structure as shown in Formula (1) structure, to suppress deterioration of a mixed positive electrode active material during a high temperature cycle.

A positive electrode active material having a lithium-excess lithium-transition metal composite oxide particle represented by the chemical formula Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂. The lithium-excess lithium-transition metal composite oxide particle has an inner portion (1) having a layered structure and a surface adjacent portion (2) having a crystal structure gradually changing from a layered structure to a spinel structure from the inner portion (1) toward the outermost surface portion (3). The layered structure and the spinel structure have an identical ratio of the amount of Mn and the total amount of Ni and Co.

The invention discloses a self-discharge screening method for a lithium ion phosphate battery, belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and aims to provide a method for effectively screening the lithium ion phosphate battery with high self-discharge rate by using shelving in a charging state. According to the technical key points, the method comprises the following steps of: adding laminar lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or spinel lithium nickel manganese oxide which comprises 0.5 to 5 weight percent of lithium ion phosphate and has high voltage platform into a lithium ion phosphate-containing compound positive electrode; assembling the lithium ion phosphate battery by taking graphite as a negative electrode; fully charging the battery and then shelving the battery at an ambient temperature of between 20 and 45 DEG C; recording voltages before and after the shelf and shelf time; calculating the voltage difference before and after the shelf or a voltage variation value in unit time; and determining a critical value of the voltage difference of the batteries with the high self-discharge rate which are shelved in the same period or voltage variation in the unit time, and determining that the self-discharge rate of the battery of which the voltage difference or the voltage variation value in the unit time is greater than the critical value is high.

Disclosed herein is a layered core-shell cathode active material for secondary lithium batteries, in which the core layer has a structural formula of Li_1+a[M_xMn_1-x]₂O₄ (M is selected from a group consisting of Ni, Co, Mg, Zn, Ca, Sr, Cu, Zr, P, Fe, Al, Ga, In, Cr, Ge, Sn and combinations thereof, 0.01≦x≦0.25, 0≦a≦0.1) and the shell layer has a structural formula of Li_1+a[M_yMn_1−y]₂O₄ (M′ is selected from a group consisting of Ni, Mg, Cu, Zn and combinations thereof, 0.01≦y≦0.5, 0≦a≦0.1). In the layered cathode active material, the core layer, corresponding to a 4V spinel-type manganese cathode, functions to increase the capacity of the active material while the shell layer, corresponding to a 5 V spinel-type transition metal mix-based cathode, is electrochemically stable enough to prevent the reaction of the components with electrolytes and the dissolution of transition metals in electrolytes, thereby improving thermal and lifetime characteristics of the active material.

A non-aqueous electrolyte battery is provided that is capable of improving safety, particularly the tolerance of the battery to overcharging, without compromising conventional battery constructions considerably. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery is furnished with a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material-layer (2) containing a plurality of positive electrode active materials and being formed on a surface of a positive electrode current collector (1), a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material layer (4), and a separator (3) interposed between the electrodes. The positive electrode active material-layer (2) is composed of two layers (2a) and (2b) having different positive electrode active materials, and of the two layers (2a) and (2b), the layer (2b) that is nearer the positive electrode current collector contains, as its main active material, a spinel-type lithium manganese oxide or an olivine-type lithium phosphate compound.

The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte-based high power lithium secondary battery having a long-term service life and superior safety at both room temperature and high temperature, even after repeated high-current charging and discharging, wherein the battery comprises a mixture of a particular lithium manganese-metal composite oxide (A) having a spinel structure and a particular lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide (B) having a layered structure, as a cathode active material.