The invention discloses a method for identifying damages of a frame structure. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, testing an undamaged frame structure, and carrying out model modification on an initial discretization model of the frame structure so as to obtain an accurate finite element theoretical model, and calculating a structural modal parameter (omega A0, phi A0); then, testing the damaged frame structure, and carrying out model analysis on the damaged frame structure so as to obtain a modal parameter (omega t2, phi t2); and finally, establishing a direct analysis method damage identification equation, and solving an unit damage coefficient Di (i=1, 2,..., n) by using front n (n is less than or equal to N) order frequencies and vibration mode variation value delta omega r (r=1, 2,..., n) of the frame structure before and after damage so as to achieve the purpose of simultaneously identifying the number, position and size of the damages existing in the whole structure. The method is suitable for the damage identification of a construction frame structure, and has the advantages of less required detection data amount, high efficiency and higher precision.