2460 results about "Voltage range" patented technology

A converter circuit and related technique for providing high power density power conversion includes a reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage coupled to a magnetic converter (or regulation) stage. The circuits and techniques achieve high performance over a wide input voltage range or a wide output voltage range. The converter can be used, for example, to power logic devices in portable battery operated devices.

The present invention relates to erase and program methods of a flash memory device including MLCs for increasing the program speed. In the erase method according to the present invention, MLCs are pre-programmed so that a voltage range in which threshold voltages of MLCs are distributed can be reduced. Therefore, a fail occurrence ratio can be reduced when erasing MLCs, the threshold voltage distribution of MLCs can be improved and an overall program time can be shortened in a subsequent program operation.

A contactless electrical energy transmission system includes a transformer having a primary winding that is coupled to a power source through a primary resonant circuit and a secondary winding that is coupled to a load through a secondary resonant circuit. The primary and secondary resonant circuits are inductively coupled to each other. A primary control circuit detects current changes through the primary resonant circuit to control the switching frequency of a controllable switching device for maintaining a substantially constant energy transfer between the primary winding and secondary winding in response to at least one of a power source voltage change and a load change. As a result, excessive circulating energy of the CEET system is minimized providing a tight regulation of the output voltage over the entire load and input voltage ranges without any feedback connection between the primary side and the secondary side.

A level shift circuit for shifting levels of a pair of binary input signals having a first voltage range to produce a pair of binary output signals having a second voltage range includes a first circuit to shift a level of a first one of the binary input signals thereby to produce a first signal having the second voltage range, a second circuit to shift a level of a second one of the binary input signals thereby to produce a second signal having the second voltage range, and a timing adjustment circuit to produce the binary output signals by adjusting a pulse width thereof in response to the first and second signals such that the pulse width is equal to a time interval from when one of the first and second circuits stops level shift operation to when another one of the first and second circuits stops level shift operation.

Briefly described, the invention provides a photovoltaic assembly power output utilizing device which partially charges a capacitor assembly. This capacitor assembly is then partially discharged by a DC/DC power converter in different ranges of voltages in which the power output from the photovoltaic assembly peaks for different light intensities.

We describe a method of driving an OLED display. The OLED display comprises a plurality of pixel driver circuits on chiplets, each pixel driver circuit comprising an output transistor for driving a first connection of an associated OLED pixel. A cascode transistor on the chiplet is coupled between the output transistor and the first connection of said associated OLED pixel. A power supply is provided to the chiplet, defining a chiplet voltage range. A second connection of the associated OLED pixel is connected to an OLED voltage outside said chiplet voltage range. The OLED pixel is then driven using the pixel driver circuit on the chiplet over an OLED voltage range greater than said chiplet voltage range. In some preferred embodiments a drain connection of the cascode transistor is set at a voltage below a ground or negative (Vss) power supply to a chiplet.

Control methods for resonant converters offer improved performance in resonant converters that operate with a wide input-voltage range or a wide output-voltage range (or both) by substantially reducing the switching-frequency range. Reduction in the switching frequency range is achieved by controlling the output voltage with a combination of variable-frequency control and time-delay control. Variable-frequency control may be used to control the primary switches of an isolated resonant converter, while delay-time control may be used to control secondary-side rectifier switches provided in place of diode rectifiers. The secondary-side control may be implemented by sensing the secondary current or the primary current (or both) and by delaying the turning-off of the corresponding secondary switch with respect to the zero crossings in the secondary current or the primary current.

Various embodiments of methods and apparatus for an amplifier with wide output voltage swing are disclosed. The amplifier may include multiple output stages, each associated with a distinct supply voltage. Each output stage may contribute current to the output of the amplifier over a range of amplifier output voltages and these ranges may overlap. Each output stage may contribute current until the amplifier output voltage reaches the supply voltage associated with that output stage. The amplifier output may be as great as the largest supply voltage minus a drop equal to Rdson for an output transistor multiplied by the output current. In a CMOS implementation, this voltage drop may be approximately 0.15V. When the amplifier output voltage is close to the supply voltage associated with an output stage, both that output stage and the output stage associated with the next highest supply voltage may contribute to the amplifier output.

An RFID which provides a wide working voltage range and general versatility at low cost, without the need for changing its internal circuit design due to external factors. In the RFID, there is provided an arrangement that a low impedance state is given when its internal data communication circuit is in a reset state.

The present invention provides a thermostat with GFCI which includes control module, keyboard module, communication module and display module, and it further includes a leakage detection module, and the control module includes the temperature sensor, and the leakage detection module is connected with the control module, keyboard module and display module respectively. The control module is connected with the controlled device by the leakage detection module. The thermostat monitors current status of output circuit while adjusting the temperature of room, so that it can ensure the safety of the output circuit in use. If leakage occurs to the controlled device, the thermostat can cut off the power and stop power supplying at once, and the alarm light illuminates in the meantime. After manual reset, the alarm light goes out. It works with a wide input voltage range and makes the thermostat normally work at multistage voltage, and it can detect the leakage current accurately, and cut off power in time and report to the system.

A pseudo-emitter-coupled-logic (PECL) receiver has a wide common-mode range. Two current-mirror CMOS differential amplifiers are used. One amplifier has n-channel differential transistors and a p-channel current mirror, while the second amplifier has p-channel differential transistors and an n-channel current mirror. When the input voltages approach power or ground, one type of differential transistor continues to operate even when the other type shuts off. The outputs of the two amplifiers are connected together and each amplifier receives the same differential input signals. The tail-current transistor is self-biased using the current-mirror's gate-bias. This self biasing of each amplifier eliminates the need for an additional voltage reference and allows each amplifier to adjust its biasing over a wide input-voltage range. Thus the common-mode input range is extended using self biasing and complementary amplifiers. The complementary self-biased comparators can be used for receiving binary or multi-level-transition (MLT) inputs by selecting different voltage references for threshold comparison. Using the same reference on both differential inputs eliminates a second reference for multi-level inputs having three levels. Thus binary and MLT inputs can be detected and decoded by the same decoder.

The present invention relates to an electrolyte for a lithium battery and a lithium battery comprising the same. The electrolyte includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and a first additive capable of forming a chelating complex with a transition metal and which is stable at voltages ranging from about 2.5 to about 4.8 V.

A stabilized electric distribution system for use in a vehicle having electric assist. The system electrically couples an electric assist bus to an accessory load bus while protecting the first electrical bus from electric assist and regenerative braking induced voltage variations. An energy management controller selectively controls each of a electric motor/generator, a DC/DC converter, and an alternator to affect electric energy distribution within the system. Preferably, the electric energy distribution is controlled to maintain the first electrical bus voltage within a predefined voltage range.

A semiconductor technology combines a normally off n-channel channel-junction insulated-gate field-effect transistor (“IGFET”) (104) and an n-channel surface-channel IGFET (100 or 160) to reduce low-frequency 1/f noise. The channel-junction IGFET is normally of materially greater gate dielectric thickness than the surface-channel IGFET so as to operate across a greater voltage range than the surface-channel IGFET. Alternatively or additionally, the channel-junction IGFET may conduct current through a field-induced surface channel. A p-channel surface-channel IGFET (102 or 162), which is typically of approximately the same gate-dielectric thickness as the n-channel surface-channel IGFET, is preferably combined with the two n-channel IGFETs to produce a complementary-IGFET structure. A further p-channel IGFET (106, 180, 184, or 192), which is typically of approximately the same gate dielectric thickness as the n-channel channel-junction IGFET, is also preferably included. The further p-channel IGFET can be a surface-channel or channel-junction device.

A protecting circuit monitors a voltage of a secondary battery and supplies the signal to permit a discharge to a gate terminal of a discharge control FET when the voltage is equal to or more than a lower limit value in a rated voltage range. When the discharge control FET receives this signal, it is connected and passes a discharge current. In the other cases, it shuts off the discharge current. Further, when the voltage is equal to or more than a predetermined value, a signal of a voltage of a battery voltage or more is supplied from a voltage converter to the gate terminal. When the voltage is equal to or less than an upper limit value in the rated voltage range, the protecting circuit supplies the signal to permit a charge to a gate terminal of a charge control FET. Further, when the voltage is equal to or more than a predetermined value, the voltage output from the voltage converter is supplied to the gate terminal. A battery pack in which by applying the voltage of the battery voltage or more to the gate terminal, the discharge control FET and the charge control FET are controlled and an energy loss is suppressed to the minimum is provided.

The invention discloses a method for achieving battery pack balance control and a battery pack charging method. The method for achieving battery pack balance control comprises the following steps: determining whether the voltages of all single batteries are in a set voltage range by a battery management chip or a singlechip, if so, measuring the magnitude of a charge current by a current detection resistor when the voltage of a single battery is larger than the balance voltage and the voltage difference between the battery and the battery with the lowest voltage is larger than a balance upper limit difference; setting corresponding balance current according to the magnitude of the charge current, and carrying out energy balance; stopping discharge of the battery when the voltage of the balanced battery is less than the balance voltage or the voltage difference between the balanced battery and the battery with the lowest voltage is lower than the balance lower limit difference. Under the centralized control of the chip or the singlechip, the method has the advantages of high reliability, flexible setting of various control parameters and wide application range.

A method of classification of power requirements in a power over Ethernet system, the method comprising: providing a first classification voltage for a first classification cycle time, the provided first classification voltage being within a classification voltage range defined by a lower classification voltage limit and upper classification voltage limit; measuring a first current flow responsive to the provided first classification voltage; subsequent to the first classification cycle time, providing a voltage outside of the classification voltage range for a classification indexing time; subsequent to the classification indexing time, providing a second classification voltage for a second classification cycle time, the provided second classification voltage being within the classification voltage range; measuring a second current flow responsive to the provided second classification voltage; determining a classification responsive to the measured first current flow and the measured second current flow; and allocating power responsive to the determined classification.

The invention provides a battery charge method for portable hand-held equipment, which comprises that the battery with normal voltage scope is charged with a plurality of charging current grades according to the temperature change and the prior electric quantity of the battery; when the charging voltage is more than a first voltage threshold value, the constant voltage charge is carried out, while, when the charging current is less than the first voltage threshold value, the charge is over. Therefore, the invention is capable of fast charging with higher current under the condition that the electric quantity of the battery is lower to enhance the charge efficiency.

Embodiments for a battery charger include a single conversion switched mode power supply having a bias winding on the primary side of the power transformer. The bias winding produces an output that is proportional to the voltage produced on the secondary winding, and is sensed by a programmable voltage sensing circuit. The programmable voltage sensing circuit is programmed by a voltage select signal from the secondary side of the charger to produce an sense signal that is proportional to the output of the bias winding by a selected factor corresponding to a battery type of a battery being charged.

A buck-boost regulator for converting an input voltage to an output voltage which includes an inductor, an error circuit providing an error voltage, buck and boost switching circuits, buck and boost ripple circuits, and buck and boost hysteretic comparator circuits. The buck switching circuit switches a first end of the inductor, the buck ripple circuit replicates ripple current through the inductor based on the buck pulse signal and provides a buck ripple voltage, and the buck hysteretic comparator circuit develops the buck pulse signal based on a buck window voltage range using the error voltage. The boost switching circuit switches a second end of the inductor, the boost ripple circuit replicates ripple current through the inductor based on the boost pulse signal and provides a boost ripple voltage, and the boost hysteretic comparator circuit develops the boost pulse signal based on a boost window voltage range using the error voltage.

A low dropout (LDO) regulator operates in wide input range. The LDO includes an N-type pass transistor and a P-type pass transistor for supplying power to the output terminal. The P-type pass transistor is connected with N-type pass transistor in parallel. Two error amplifiers control the gate terminals of the N-type pass transistor and P-type pass transistor to generate a first output voltage and a second output voltage. Thus, the first output voltage is generated when the input voltage is higher than a threshold voltage, and the second output voltage is generated when the input voltage is lower than the threshold voltage.

The present invention is directed to a color display device in which each pixel can display at least five high-quality color states, and an electrophoretic fluid for such an electrophoretic display. In one aspect, the different types of particles exhibit different levels of attraction force to display different color states. In another aspect, the different types of particles exhibit different levels of mobility in different driving voltage ranges to display different color states.

A frequency control circuit including a controlled oscillator and an amplifier circuit is disclosed for providing a clock signal to a switched capacitor circuit which divides an input voltage to provide an output voltage. The controlled oscillator has a frequency control input receiving a frequency control signal and an output for providing the clock signal at a frequency based on the frequency control signal. The amplifier circuit has an input for receiving the output voltage and an output providing the frequency control signal based on droop of the output voltage. In one embodiment, the amplifier circuit adjusts the frequency control signal to optimize efficiency of the switched capacitor circuit over a voltage range of the output voltage, which changes based on load level.

The invention discloses a control circuit for a voltage dropping type power factor corrector, which is used for controlling a voltage dropping converter to realize the power factor correction function. Inductance current critical intermittent control of changed on-time is performed on a Buck circuit through the control circuit to ensure that the on-time of a switching tube rises in the power frequency period along with increase of input voltage; and the critical intermittent working mode of inductance current in the Buck circuit is controlled, and when the inductance current is greater than zero, the junction capacitance of the switching tube and inductance are resonated, and the switching tube is connected when the voltage resonance of the junction capacitance reaches the volley bottom. The control circuit for the voltage dropping type power factor corrector has the characteristics of ensuring high power factors in the whole input voltage range, and meeting the harmonic requirements of IEC 61000-3-2 Class C, Class D, along with high efficiency.

The invention provides a primary side-controlled constant current switch power supply controller and a primary side-controlled constant current switch power supply control method. The controller comprises a current sampling end, a grounded end, a power supply end, a driving end, a voltage feedback end, a frequency setting end, a first sampling hold module, an average current ring module, a saw-tooth wave generation module, a comparison module, a second sampling hold module, a voltage/frequency conversion module, a driving pulse generation module and a driving module. The controller has a simple structure and can be used for realizing a high-power factor within a full-input voltage range while constant current is output; in addition, when output voltage is unchanged, work frequency of the circuit is basically constant, so that the work frequency meets the electromagnetic compatible standard more easily. The primary side-controlled constant current switch power supply controller and theprimary side-controlled constant current switch power supply control method can also be used for a direct-current input low-power power supply without requirement on a power factor so as to realize constant current output.

Disclosed herein is a solid-state image pickup apparatus, including a pixel array section in which a unit pixel including a photoelectric conversion section and a charge detection section for detecting charge generated by photoelectric conversion by the photoelectric conversion section is disposed; a driving section adapted to carry out driving of reading out a signal of the unit pixel divisionally by twice as a first signal and a second signal; and a signal processing section adapted to set the first signal read out first from the unit pixel as a reference voltage for a processable input voltage range of the signal processing section, adjust the reference voltage so that the first and second signals may be included in the input voltage range and carry out signal processing for the first and second signals using the adjusted reference voltage.

A straightforward and scalable solid-state synthesis at 975° C. used to generate cathode materials in the system Li_(3+x)3Ni_(1-x-y)Co_yMn_2x/3O₂ {a combination of LiNiO₂, Li₂MnO₃, and LiCoO₂ as (1-x-y)LiNiO₂.xLi₂MnO₃.yLiCoO₂} is described. Coatings for improving the characteristics of the cathode material are also described. A ternary composition diagram was used to select sample points, and compositions for testing were initially chosen in an arrangement conducive to mathematical modeling. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization showed the formation of an α-NaFeO₂ structure, except in the region of compositions close to LiNiO₂. Electrochemical testing revealed a wide range of electrochemical capacities with the highest capacities found in a region of high Li₂MnO₃ content. The highest capacity composition identified was Li_1.222Mn_0.444Ni_0.167Co_0.167O₂ with a maximum initial discharge capacity of in the voltage range 4.6-2.0 V. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) testing on this material was promising as it showed an exothermic reaction of 0.2 W/g at 200° C. when tested up to 400° C. Cost for laboratory quantities of material yielded $1.49/Ah, which is significantly lower than the cost of LiCoO₂ due to the low cobalt content, and the straightforward synthesis. Li_1.222Mn_0.444Ni_0.167Co_0.167O₂ is thought to be near optimum composition for the specified synthesis conditions, and shows excellent capacity and safety characteristics while leaving room for optimization in composition, synthesis conditions, and surface treatment.

The present disclosure relates to a method for controlling a wind turbine of the type including a rotor, a generator, a frequency converter, a control unit and means for connecting to a wind farm grid, using means for receiving a local voltage reference value (V_REF) and a regulator (1) which calculates the reactive power to be generated (Q_T) as a function of the voltage error (ΔV), such that it can be operated over the entire voltage range. The system also includes: at least one saturator element (2, 6, 7) in which the reactive power to be generated is limited, whereby the limits (Q_—MAX, Q_—MIN, Q_{C<sub2>—</sub2>}MAX, Q_{C<sub2>—</sub2>MIN}, Q_{S<sub2>—</sub2>MAX}, Q_{S<sub2>—</sub2>MIN}) are calculated dynamically as a function of the voltage, this block outputting a reference reactive power of the wind turbine (Q_—REF, Q_{C<sub2>—</sub2>REF}, Q_{s<sub2>—</sub2>REF}); and an element (3) for calculating the actual limit of the active power (P_MAX) as a function of the pre-limited reactive power (Q_—REF, Q_{s<sub2>—</sub2>REF}) and the apparent power available at that moment.

The invention relates to an alternate current/direct current (AC/DC) energy converter, and aims to provide a high-efficiency AC/DC combined convertor with a wide output voltage range. The convertor of the invention comprises a filter, a rectifier bridge B1, a Buck PFC circuit, an uncontrollable DC/DC circuit, an output filter capacitor Co and a parallel AC/DC circuit, wherein the filter is connected with the rectifier bridge B1; a control terminal of a switching tube S1 in the Buck PFC circuit is connected with the output of a Buck PFC control circuit; the Buck PFC control circuit is connected with the output of a feedback control circuit; the feedback control circuit comprises an error amplifier and a signal isolating circuit; and the output side of the output filter capacitor Co is sequentially connected with an output signal sampling circuit, the error amplifier and the signal isolating circuit. The invention acquires high efficiency and high power factors when isolation and the wide output voltage range are realized, improves the efficiency of the AC/DC convertor connected with the Buck PFC circuit in parallel, can solve the problem of too high starting up surge current of a boost power-factor correction (Boost) circuit, and does not need a surge current suppressing circuit, thus improving the efficiency.

An embodiment of the invention relates to a power converter including an inductor coupled in series with a power switch and a resistor coupled to a winding of the inductor. Input and output power converter voltages including an input brownout condition or an output overvoltage condition are estimated, and the output voltage may be regulated, by sensing a current in the resistor. An input current waveform can thereby be controlled to replicate substantially the input voltage waveform. The controller adjusts an on time and terminates an off time of the power switch by sensing respectively a current and a change of current in the resistor. The controller may sense a current flowing in the resistor to select a line voltage range of the input voltage to the power converter. The controller may estimate an input current to the power converter employing the current flowing in the resistor.