13904results about "Photovoltaics" patented technology

A packaged product includes a product, a product packaging at least partially covering the product, a device resonator integrated with the product packaging for receiving wireless energy from a source resonator and an electrical component coupled to the device resonator to receive the wireless energy from the device resonator.

A distributed power harvesting system including multiple direct current (DC) power sources with respective DC outputs adapted for interconnection into a interconnected DC power source output. A converter includes input terminals adapted for coupling to the interconnected DC power source output. A circuit loop sets the voltage and current at the input terminals of the converter according to predetermined criteria. A power conversion portion converts the power received at the input terminals to an output power at the output terminals. A power supplier is coupled to the output terminals. The power supplier includes a control part for maintaining the input to the power supplier at a predetermined value. The control part maintains the input voltage and / or input current to the power supplier at a predetermined value.

A photovoltaic panel with multiple photovoltaic sub-strings including serially-connected photovoltaic cells and having direct current (DC) outputs adapted for interconnection in parallel into a parallel-connected DC power source. A direct current (DC) power converter including input terminals and output terminals is adapted for coupling to the parallel-connected DC power source and for converting an input power received at the input terminals to an output power at the output terminals. The direct current (DC) power converter optionally has a control loop configured to set the input power received at the input terminals according to a previously determined criterion. The control loop may be adapted to receive a feedback signal from the input terminals for maximizing the input power. A bypass diode is typically connected in shunt across the input terminals of the converter. The bypass diode functions by passing current during a failure of any of the sub-strings and / or a partial shading of the sub-strings. The bypass diode may be a single bypass diode connected across the parallel-connected DC power source. The DC power converter may convert the input power at high current to the output power at a lower current. The output terminals may be connectible with wire cables to a load, and the DC power converter is configured to reduce energy loss through the wire cables to the load.

A device having a switch with a voltage applied across the switch. A current sensing circuit is connected to one terminal of the switch. The current sensing circuit receives power independently of the voltage applied across the switch. The power supply shares the other terminal of the switch with the current sensing circuit. The switch is adapted for opening and closing. When the switch closes, the current sensing circuit senses current through the switch and upon opening the switch the high voltage of the switch is blocked from the current sensing circuit. The sense current is caused to flow from the current sensing circuit to the other terminal when the switch is closed. The flow of the sense current produces a voltage which is compared differentially to another voltage referenced by the other terminal

Briefly described, the invention provides a photovoltaic assembly power output utilizing device which partially charges a capacitor assembly. This capacitor assembly is then partially discharged by a DC / DC power converter in different ranges of voltages in which the power output from the photovoltaic assembly peaks for different light intensities.

A junction box used for making electrical connections to a photovoltaic panel. The junction box has two chambers including a first chamber and a second chamber and a wall common to and separating both chambers. The wall may be adapted to have an electrical connection therethrough. The two lids are adapted to seal respectively the two chambers. The two lids are on opposite sides of the junction box relative to the photovoltaic panel. The two lids may be attachable using different sealing processes to a different level of hermeticity. The first chamber may be adapted to receive a circuit board. The junction box may include supports for mounting a printed circuit board in the first chamber. The second chamber is configured for electrical connection to the photovoltaic panel. A metal heat sink may be bonded inside the first chamber. The first chamber is adapted to receive a circuit board for electrical power conversion, and the metal heat sink is adapted to dissipate heat generated by the circuit board.

A junction box for electrically connecting a photovoltaic (PV) module to a power distribution system, the PV module having a plurality of conductors for electrically connecting the PV module to the junction box. The junction box includes a housing having a mounting side configured to be mounted on the PV module and a power transfer structure mounted within the housing. The power transfer structure includes a plurality of conductive connectors and a transfer interface. Each conductive connector forms an electrical interface to the PV module. The transfer interface couples the junction box to the power distribution system. The junction box also includes a user-removable control board mounted within the housing. The power transfer structure interfaces with said control board to convey power from the PV module to the control board.

A photovoltaic module-mounted AC inverter circuit uses one or more integrated circuits, several power transistors configured as switches, several solid-dielectric capacitors for filtering and energy storage, several inductors for power conversion and ancillary components to support the above elements in operation. The integrated circuit includes all monitoring, control and communications circuitry needed to operate the inverter. The integrated circuit controls the activity of pulse-width modulated power handling transistors in both an input boost converter and a single-phase or multi-phase output buck converter. The integrated circuit also monitors all power processing voltages and currents of the inverter and can take appropriate action to limit power dissipation in the inverter, maximize the available power from the associated PV module and shut down the inverter output if the grid conditions so warrant. The integrated circuit implements power line communications by monitoring the AC wiring for signals and generating communications signals via the same pulse-width modulation system used to generate the AC power. Communications is used to report inverter and PV module status information, local identification code and to allow for remote control of inverter operation.

Described herein are apparatuses, systems and methods for configuring and managing the combination of strings of photovoltaic energy generators to improve the energy production performance of such generators. The strings of photovoltaic energy generators are connected to terminals in a combiner box having receptacles for receiving removable modular units of various types. Removable modular units with measurement capabilities are used in the combiner boxes to measure the direct current input provided by the strings; and in light of the measurements, the removable modular units can be selectively downgraded to simpler units that do not have measurement capabilities to reduce cost, and / or selectively upgraded to more sophisticated units that can adjust the output of the respective strings, such as upconverting the output voltage of the respective strings, to improve the performance of the strings.

Electromagnetic radiation detecting and sensing systems using carbon nanotube fabrics and methods of making the same are provided. In certain embodiments of the invention, an electromagnetic radiation detector includes a substrate, a nanotube fabric disposed on the substrate, the nanotube fabric comprising a non-woven network of nanotubes, and first and second conductive terminals, each in electrical communication with the nanotube fabric, the first and second conductive terminals disposed in space relation to one another. Nanotube fabrics may be tuned to be sensitive to a predetermined range of electromagnetic radiation such that exposure to the electromagnetic radiation induces a change in impedance between the first and second conductive terminals. The detectors include microbolometers, themistors and resistive thermal sensors, each constructed with nanotube fabric. Nanotube fabric detector arrays may be formed for broad-range electromagnetic radiation detecting. Methods for making nanotube fabric detectors, arrays, microbolometers, thermistors and resistive thermal sensors are each described.

A method of activating a Multi-String inverter for photovoltaic generators (1a, 1b) of a photovoltaic plant (6), the Multi-String inverter incorporating on the input side a separate DC-DC converter (2a, 2b) for each generator string (photovoltaic generator) (1a, 1b) and each output of the DC-DC converters (2a, 2b) being connected in parallel and to an input of a DC-AC converter (3) and the DC-AC converter (3) being connected with an alternating current mains (4) for feeding into the mains aims at improving efficiency. This is achieved in that one or several electrical variables, namely input current, input voltage and / or input power are measured at each DC-DC converter (2a, 2b) and at least one of the DC-DC converters (2a, 2b) changing its operating condition as a function of this measurement when a limit value and / or a range is exceeded in such a manner that its power loss is reduced so that the energy yield of the photovoltaic plant (6) is increased.

Disclosed is a temperature sensor for an integrated circuit having at least one field effect transistor (FET) having a polysilicon gate, in which a current and a voltage is supplied to the polysilicon gate, changes in the current and the voltage of the polysilicon gate are monitored, wherein the polysilicon gate of the at least one FET is electrically isolated from other components of the integrated circuit, and the changes in the current or voltage are used to calculate a change in resistance of the polysilicon gate, and the change in resistance of the polysilicon gate is used to calculate a temperature change within the integrated circuit.

The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic systems with solar cell (s) or modules having insolation differences or mismatch. Each solar module is formed by placing a large number of solar cells in series. The PV system is then formed by placing a number of solar modules in series in a string and sometimes by placing multiple strings of series-connected solar modules in parallel, depending on the desired output voltage and power range of the PV system. In practical cases, differences will exist between output powers of the solar cells in the various modules, e.g. due to (part of) the modules being temporarily shaded, pollution on one or more solar cells, or even spread in solar-cell behaviour that may become worse during aging. Due to the current-source-type behaviour of solar cells and their series connection these differences will lead to a relatively large drop in output power coming from the PV system. This invention addresses this problem by adding DC-DC converters (803) on a single or multiple solar-cell level that source or sink difference currents thereby increasing the output power of the complete PV system. In embodiments, the efficiency of photovoltaic systems with solar cell (s) or modules is improved by compensating for output-power loss caused by insolation difference and mismatch.

Various embodiments of a semiconductor-on-insulator substrate incorporating a Peltier effect heat transfer device and methods of fabricating the same are provided. In one aspect, a circuit device is provided that includes an insulating substrate, a semiconductor structure positioned on the insulating substrate and a Peltier effect heat transfer device coupled to the insulating substrate to transfer heat between the semiconductor structure and the insulating substrate.

Most semiconductor devices manufactured today, have uniform dopant concentration, either in the lateral or vertical device active (and isolation) regions. By grading the dopant concentration, the performance in various semiconductor devices can be significantly improved. Performance improvements can be obtained in application specific areas like increase in frequency of operation for digital logic, various power MOSFET and IGBT ICS, improvement in refresh time for DRAM's, decrease in programming time for nonvolatile memory, better visual quality including pixel resolution and color sensitivity for imaging ICs, better sensitivity for varactors in tunable filters, higher drive capabilities for JFET's, and a host of other applications.

The invention discloses a weather-resistant and high thermal conductive coating, a radiating solar rear panel and an efficient solar cell panel. The weather-resistant and high thermal conductive coating consists of 10 to 50 parts of weather-resistant resin, 5 to 30 parts of curing agent, 0.1 to 5 parts of organic filler, 30 to 80 parts of inorganic filler, and 30 to 100 parts of solvent. The radiating solar rear panel comprises a base layer, and the weather-resistant and high thermal conductive coating is arranged on at least one surface of the base layer or arranged between the base layers. The efficient solar cell panel comprises a solar front panel and the radiating solar rear panel, a solar cell circuit is arranged between the solar front panel and the radiating solar rear panel, and an encapsulation material is arranged on one side or two sides of the solar cell circuit. The weather-resistant and high thermal conductive coating can be directly coated on a base material and has high binding power and an excellent thermal conductive effect, and the weather resistance of the coating meets the requirement of a solar module for the service life of over 25 years.

The invention results in a power supply unit that can always operate optimally. Start to input a switch signal to a boost circuit whose duty ratio boost rate can be changed according to the duty ratio of the input switch signal (step 100), and output current I from an inverter circuit connected to the rear stage of the boost circuit I Calculate the output power P of the inverter circuit I (Step 102) Afterwards, according to the output power P I Find the target voltage V after boosting the boost circuit M (step 104), at the actual output voltage V of the booster circuit S less than the target voltage V M increase the duty cycle of the switching signal, and decrease the duty cycle of the switching signal when the voltage is greater than the target voltage (step 106-step 112).

A template 120 for pyramidal three-dimensional thin-film solar cell substrate formation for use in pyramidal three-dimensional thin-film solar cells. The template 120 comprises a substrate which comprises a plurality of pyramid trenches 122 between a plurality of posts 123. The template 120 forms an environment for pyramidal three-dimensional thin-film solar cell substrate formation.

An automatic cleaning system for solar panels has a time controller, a detection device, a perfusion device, a driving device and a cleaning device. Based on predetermined time values, execution signals are sent to the perfusion device, the driving device and the detection device to implement prompt assessment of the need for cleaning and cleaning, if warranted. Also provided is an automatic cleaning method using the system.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic power generator capable of obtaining electric power from a solar cell at the maximum efficiency all the time, even under an uneven sunshine condition. The photovoltaic power generator 10 includes: a plurality of solar cell bodies SC1, SC2, ... formed by connecting the solar cells in series or in series-parallel connection; and a plurality of charge transfer circuits T1, T2, ... which are set for each solar cell body one by one and whose input terminals are connected with the anode and cathode of each solar cell body and output terminals are connected with a loading side in parallel. Each charge transfer circuit comprises: a plurality of capacitors C2-C8 which cumulate the output of the solar cell bodies in a form of charges; a plurality of semiconductor switching member SW1a~, SW2a~, SW3a~, SW4a~, SW5a~, SW6, SW7; a tracking control member M1 for a maximal power of the solar cell bodies; and an output controlling member M2 for transferring the charges cumulated in the capacitors to the loading side, so as to enable the output voltage Vox to be tracked approximately equal to a terminal voltage Vo of the loading side.

A device for protecting against arcing events solar array panels and control equipment supplying a main power bus is provided. The control equipment comprises a regulator for controlling a solar array voltage (VS) and includes a power dump stage for shunting the solar array voltage as a function of a control signal. The device comprises a voltage drop detection circuit for generating a voltage drop detection signal (VD) when a voltage drop is detected in the solar array voltage (VS), and an arc-quenching circuit comprising a system for generating an output signal (VO) which is applied as the control signal to the power dump stage so as to shunt the solar array voltage (VS) when a voltage drop is detected by the voltage drop detection circuit.

System and method for cleaning rows of solar panels. Each solar row has an upper edge elevated above ground level and a lower edge to provide an inclination of the solar row. A cleaning assembly cleans the solar panel surfaces. A support frame supports the cleaning assembly and enables upward and downward motion in the width and length directions of the solar row. Operation and movement of the cleaning assembly is controlled so as to clean a surface of the solar panels during downward movement. The cleaning assembly is preferably not operative during upward movement. During downward movement, the cleaning assembly removes dirt, debris and dust from the surface of the solar panels and generates an air stream to blow off the dirt, debris, and dust. The system further includes a guide system for moving the cleaning assembly to align with successive solar panel rows.

A photodetector (and method for producing the same) includes a semiconductor substrate, a buried insulator formed on the substrate, a buried mirror formed on the buried insulator, a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) layer formed on the conductor, alternating n-type and p-type doped fingers formed in the semiconductor-on-insulator layer, and a backside contact to one of the p-type doped fingers and the n-type doped fingers.

A photovoltaic panel with multiple photovoltaic sub-strings including serially-connected photovoltaic cells and having direct current (DC) outputs adapted for interconnection in parallel into a parallel-connected DC power source. A direct current (DC) power converter including input terminals and output terminals is adapted for coupling to the parallel-connected DC power source and for converting an input power received at the input terminals to an output power at the output terminals. The direct current (DC) power converter optionally has a control loop configured to set the input power received at the input terminals according to a previously determined criterion. The control loop may be adapted to receive a feedback signal from the input terminals for maximizing the input power. A bypass diode is typically connected in shunt across the input terminals of the converter. The bypass diode functions by passing current during a failure of any of the sub-strings and / or a partial shading of the sub-strings. The bypass diode may be a single bypass diode connected across the parallel-connected DC power source. The DC power converter may convert the input power at high current to the output power at a lower current. The output terminals may be connectible with wire cables to a load, and the DC power converter is configured to reduce energy loss through the wire cables to the load.

A portable electronic device carrier supports and protects a portable electronic device while providing power to the device. The carrier is configured to house various portable electronic devices such as smart phones, cell phones, PDAs, tablets or the like. The carrier may comprise a foldable structure comprising two flaps or panels. One or more solar panels, batteries or both may provide power to a portable electronic device via a charging port that engages an interface of the portable electronic device. The carrier may include one or more retractable legs which support its panels relative to one another such that the portable electronic device may be held at various positions or angles which are well suited for different tasks. The carrier may include memory devices and various other ports to enhance the capabilities of the portable electronic device.

A junction box of a solar cell array / solar module, having a plurality of solar cells connected in multiple strings and including a separate top part mechanically connected to a bottom part, and in one of the bottom and top parts, first contact elements, some being connected in the installed state to solar cells and two of which are connected to a connecting cable of the solar cell array, and in another one of the bottom and top parts, interconnected second contact elements electrically contact first contact elements in the installed state and join them are situated there, and an actuator for releasing the mechanical connection between the bottom and top parts, for completely separating the top and bottom parts and for disconnecting the contact between the first and second contact elements and a control unit assigned to the actuator at the input side for generating an actuator control signal.

A flexible solar cell assembly having solar cells that are positioned within a sealed module chamber. A sealed wiring chamber is positioned on an end of the sealed module chamber and is interposed between the sealed module chamber and a junction box. Wiring interconnecting the junction box to the solar cells in the sealed module chamber is routed through the sealed wiring chamber to inhibit water entry into the sealed module chamber via the wiring.

This invention is directed towards a waste enclosure device (“device”) comprising a waste enclosure employing operational functions including collection and monitoring capacity wherein said device includes one or more programmable logic controllers. Operational functions are performed by electrical components including sensors to determine waste deposits characteristics and contents. Said device operational functions are further adapted to send and receive data, optionally wirelessly, and configured and adapted to utilize solar derived electric power and, optionally, electric power from other sources.

Provided is a transparent organic light emitting diode (OLED) lighting device in which opaque metal reflectors are formed to adjust light emitting directions. The transparent OLED lighting device includes a transparent substrate, a transparent anode formed on a predetermined region of the transparent substrate, a reflective anode formed adjacent to the transparent anode on another region of the transparent substrate, an organic layer formed on the transparent and reflective anodes, and a transparent cathode and an encapsulation substrate sequentially stacked on the organic layer. Directions of light emitted from the organic layer vary depending on the current applied to the transparent and reflective anodes.