104results about How to "Improve photovoltaic efficiency" patented technology

A method of activating a Multi-String inverter for photovoltaic generators (1a, 1b) of a photovoltaic plant (6), the Multi-String inverter incorporating on the input side a separate DC-DC converter (2a, 2b) for each generator string (photovoltaic generator) (1a, 1b) and each output of the DC-DC converters (2a, 2b) being connected in parallel and to an input of a DC-AC converter (3) and the DC-AC converter (3) being connected with an alternating current mains (4) for feeding into the mains aims at improving efficiency. This is achieved in that one or several electrical variables, namely input current, input voltage and / or input power are measured at each DC-DC converter (2a, 2b) and at least one of the DC-DC converters (2a, 2b) changing its operating condition as a function of this measurement when a limit value and / or a range is exceeded in such a manner that its power loss is reduced so that the energy yield of the photovoltaic plant (6) is increased.

A deposition system and process for the formation of thin film materials. In one embodiment, the process includes forming an initial plasma from a first material stream and allowing the plasma to evolve in space and / or time to extinguish species that are detrimental to the quality of the thin film material. After the initial plasma evolves to an optimum state, a second material stream is injected into the deposition chamber to form a composite plasma that contains a distribution of species more conducive to formation of a high quality thin film material. The deposition system includes a deposition chamber having a plurality of delivery points for injecting two or more streams (source materials or carrier gases) into a plasma region. The delivery points are staggered in space to permit an upstream plasma formed from a first material stream deposition source material to evolve before combining a downstream material stream with the plasma. Injection of different material streams is also synchronized in time. The net effect of spatial coordination and time synchronization of material streams is a plasma whose distribution of species is optimized for the deposition of a thin film photovoltaic material at high deposition rates. Delivery devices include nozzles and remote plasma sources.

This invention relates to a photovoltaic device including an electrode such as a front electrode / contact. In certain example embodiments, the front electrode of the photovoltaic device includes a multi-layered transparent conductive coating which is sputter-deposited on a textured surface of a patterned glass substrate. In certain example embodiments, a maximum transmission area of the substantially transparent conductive front electrode is located under a peak area of a quantum efficiency (QE) and / or QEx (photon flux of solar radiation) curve of the photovoltaic device and a light source spectrum used to power the photovoltaic device. In certain example embodiments, the front electrode includes a transparent conductive layer of or including one or more of (i) titanium zinc oxide doped with aluminum and / or niobium, and / or (ii) titanium niobium oxide.

This invention relates to a photovoltaic device including an electrode such as a front electrode / contact. In certain example embodiments, the front electrode of the photovoltaic device includes a multi-layered transparent conductive coating which is sputter-deposited on a textured surface of a patterned glass substrate. In certain example embodiments, a maximum transmission area of the substantially transparent conductive front electrode is located under a peak area of a quantum efficiency (QE) curve of the photovoltaic device and a light source spectrum used to power the photovoltaic device.

A photovoltaic device includes a front electrode on a textured front glass substrate. In certain example embodiments, the glass substrate is textured via roller(s) and / or etching to form a textured surface. Thereafter, a front electrode is formed on the textured surface of the glass substrate via pyrolysis. The front electrode may be of or include a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) such as tin oxide and / or fluorinated tin oxide in certain example embodiments. In certain example instances, this is advantageous in that efficiency of the photovoltaic device can be improved by increasing light absorption by the active semiconductor via both increasing light intensity passing through the front glass substrate and front electrode, and increasing the light path in the semiconductor photovoltaic conversion layer.

A photovoltaic device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The photovoltaic device includes: a substrate; a first conductive layer formed on the substrate; P layers and N layers alternately formed along a first direction on the first conductive layer; and I layers covering the P layers and the N layers on the first conductive layer, wherein the P layers and the N layers are separated from each other by a first interval, the I layers are formed between the P layers and the N layers that are separated by the first interval, and the P layers, the I layers, and the N layers formed along the first direction form unit cells.

A method of activating a Multi-String inverter for photovoltaic generators (1a, 1b) of a photovoltaic plant (6), the Multi-String inverter incorporating on the input side a separate DC-DC converter (2a, 2b) for each generator string (photovoltaic generator) (1a, 1b) and each output of the DC-DC converters (2a, 2b) being connected in parallel and to an input of a DC-AC converter (3) and the DC-AC converter (3) being connected with an alternating current mains (4) for feeding into the mains aims at improving efficiency. This is achieved in that one or several electrical variables, namely input current, input voltage and / or input power are measured at each DC-DC converter (2a, 2b) and at least one of the DC-DC converters (2a, 2b) changing its operating condition as a is function of this measurement when a limit value and / or a range is exceeded in such a manner that its power loss is reduced so that the energy yield of the photovoltaic plant (6) is increased.

Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to a front electrode provided on an etched / patterned front glass substrate for use in a photovoltaic device or the like. The glass is a low-iron soda-lime-silica based glass. Etching of the glass may include immersing the soda-lime-silica based glass in an acid inclusive solution such as hydrofluoric acid (e.g., HF in aqueous solution) and / or hydrofluoric acid with a buffer, in order to selectively dissolve some of the glass thereby producing at least one textured / patterned substantially transparent surface of the glass substrate. A front electrode (single or multi-layered) is then formed (e.g., via sputter-deposition) on the textured surface of the front glass substrate, and may be used in a photovoltaic device or the like.

A high-efficiency, small-scale, combined heat and power, concentrating solar energy system (200), designed specifically for residential and other relatively low-power applications, rendering it cost-effective and economically viable. Two-axis tracking of a dish-like reflector (10) of between 1 and 2 meters in aperture ensures very high concentrating ratios of between 200 and 8-suns or even higher. In consequence very high coolant outlet temperatures, of 120-180° C. may be reached at the outlet of the collector coolant, which may be oil, gas, or pressurized water. The high coolant temperatures are advantageous because they may be used for air-conditioning. The high concentration is advantageous because the efficiency of the photo_voltaic cells is improved with higher concentration. The overall efficiency is greater than 60%. Additionally, a simple but accurate drive, designed as a radio-dial drive (14), with substantially zero backlash, and substantially zero drive, is provided for driving the concentrating solar energy system. Preferably, two radio-dial drives are employed and tracking is performed along two axes, of an azimuth-elevation mount, a polar mount, or a cross mount.

Disclosed are fixed solar-electric modules having arrays of solar concentrator assemblies capable of separately tracking movements through one or two degrees of rotational freedom to follow the movement of the sun daily and / or seasonally. The concentrators can include optical elements to direct and concentrate light onto photovoltaic and / or thermoelectric receivers for generation of electric current.

The present invention relates to a solar cell that can recycle a substrate, and a manufacturing method thereof. The solar cell includes: i) a plurality of nano-structures distanced from each other and extended in one direction; ii) a first conductive layer covering a first end of at least one of the plurality of nano-structures; iii) a second conductive layer distanced from the first conductive layer and covering a second end of the nano-structure; and iv) a dielectric layer disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

A thin film solar cell and a method fabricating thin film solar cells on flexible substrates. The method includes including providing a flexible polymeric substrate, depositing a photovoltaic precursor on a surface of the substrate, such as CdTe, ZrTe, CdZnTe, CdSe or Cu(In,Ga)Se2, and exposing the photovoltaic precursor to at least one 0.5 microsecond to 10 second pulse of predominately infrared light emitted from a light source having a power output of about 20,000 W / cm2 or less to thermally convert the precursor into a crystalline photovoltaic material having a photovoltaic efficiency of greater than one percent, the conversion being carried out without substantial damage to the substrate.

A germanium-containing layer is provided between a p-doped silicon-containing layer and a transparent conductive material layer of a photovoltaic device. The germanium-containing layer can be a p-doped silicon-germanium alloy layer or a germanium layer. The germanium-containing layer has a greater atomic concentration of germanium than the p-doped silicon-containing layer. The presence of the germanium-containing layer has the effect of reducing the series resistance and increasing the shunt resistance of the photovoltaic device, thereby increasing the fill factor and the efficiency of the photovoltaic device. In case a silicon-germanium alloy layer is employed, the closed circuit current density also increases.

The present invention has a photodiode and a circuit used to amplify the output of the photodiode. Two terminals are formed over the photodiode and circuit with an insulating layer interposed therebetween, and a dummy electrode with a larger area than that of either of the two terminals is formed thereover, adjacent to the two terminals. The dummy electrode is not connected to the photodiode or to the circuit of the semiconductor device. Because the dummy electrode has a wide area, damage due to electrostatic discharge occurs in the dummy electrode more easily than in the two terminals; thus, damage due to electrostatic discharge can be prevented from occurring in the semiconductor device.

Described is a light chamber for amplifying solar radiation for purposes of generating electricity using photovoltaic panels. The light chamber includes a housing; a photovoltaic panel disposed within the housing; a dome lens affixed to the upper end of the housing; a fresnel lens disposed between the dome lens and the photovoltaic panel; a reflector disposed around the inner surface of the housing; and another reflector disposed at or near the lower end of the housing.

A deposition system and process for the formation of thin film materials. In one embodiment, the process includes forming an initial plasma from a first material stream and allowing the plasma to evolve in space and / or time to extinguish species that are detrimental to the quality of the thin film material. After the initial plasma evolves to an optimum state, a second material stream is injected into the deposition chamber to form a composite plasma that contains a distribution of species more conducive to formation of a high quality thin film material. The deposition system includes a deposition chamber having a plurality of delivery points for injecting two or more streams (source materials or carrier gases) into a plasma region. The delivery points are staggered in space to permit an upstream plasma formed from a first material stream deposition source material to evolve before combining a downstream material stream with the plasma. Injection of different material streams is also synchronized in time. The net effect of spatial coordination and time synchronization of material streams is a plasma whose distribution of species is optimized for the deposition of a thin film photovoltaic material at high deposition rates. Delivery devices include nozzles and remote plasma sources.

Liquid-containing photovoltaic element, comprising a platelike work electrode and a platelike counter-electrode adhered thereto by means of a vapour and liquid-tight peripheral edge, wherein the work electrode and the counter-electrode are each formed on a flat substrate provided with an electrically conductive layer and wherein a liquid is received into a space between the work electrode, the counter-electrode and the peripheral edge, wherein a system of mutually connected electrical conductors is provided on the conductive layer of each of the substrates for the work electrode and the counter-electrode, which conductors are provided with a layer of an electrically insulating material, in which layer there is provided at least one recess for an electrical contact on a conductor, and which systems of conductors have a mirror-symmetrical form relative to each other.

A dye for a dye-sensitized solar cell according to embodiments of the present invention includes a compound having a silane group. The dye according to embodiments of the present invention may be used in a light absorption layer to improve photovoltaic efficiency and increase open-circuit voltage.

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module characterized by comprising a heat radiating sheet overlaid with a ceramic coating layer, which is attached to a conventional photovoltaic module. In a method of increasing heat radiation with the aid of the ceramic coating layer provided on both sides or one side of the heat radiating sheet, heat generated by a solar cell due to the differences in thermal emissivity, thermal shear rate and surface area of a material is transferred to a solar EVA and then a heat radiating sheet thin plate that serves as a carrier, and returns back to the ceramic coating layer for emission. A high thermal emissivity is obtained by having a so-called heat transfer phenomenon in one direction, which resultantly improves a heat radiation performance and increases the refrigeration efficiency of the photovoltaic module and its peripheral devices to thus lower the internal temperature. As such, the power generation rate and efficiency through a module to which the heat radiating sheet is applied can be maximized, and a photovoltaic module with such a heat radiating sheet can maintain a change in the power generation rate traditionally due to a change in the surface temperature at a constant level, thereby increasing the annual power generation rate by 3-5% compared to that of the conventional one and improving the power generation effect during the summer season by 5-10%. Further, wide applicability can be ensured by equally applying the photovoltaic module of the present invention to areas having severe heat or high-temperature and high-humidity tropical weather as well as desert areas. In addition, the photovoltaic module according to the present invention is advantageous in that it is applicable not only to a new module but also to an already existing module, which makes it possible to manufacture those photovoltaic modules under the same process conditions as with the conventional ones without modifying the existing equipment.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar power generation and discloses a solar photovoltaic and optothermal coupling type solar battery and a coupling power generation method thereof. The battery is composed of a phototropic face photovoltaic power generation module, a silicon channel, a silica-based back plate processed with permanent magnetic film arrays and cooling fins. On one side of a system facing the sun, electric potentials are generated in the photovoltaic power generation module for photovoltaic effects when sunlight illuminates; on a shady face, a vacuum pumping liquid injection port on the silica-based back plate faces an S-shaped micro-channel on a micro-channel plate, the micro-channel is filled with high-boiling-point conductive working media A and low-boiling-point insulation working media B alternatively, and then the micro-channel is sealed, so that a snake loop forms a pulsating heat pipe loop with two working media. The solar photovoltaic and optothermal coupling type solar battery has the advantages that a shady face pulsating heat pipe power generation loop absorbs heat released by the phototropic face for power generation, so that the work temperature of a photovoltaic panel is low, the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is improved, and the service life is increased, and a wide application prospect is provided.

A variety of solar module package structures is obtained by disposing an optical sheet on the top surface of the solar module and / or between the glass plate and the solar cell. Through the optical sheet with surface configurations, anti-reflection and light trapping capability of the solar module package structure is improved and the power output is increased.

The invention relates to a high-efficiency wave, tide, ocean current, wind and light power generation, marine ranching and farm and purification platform. A carrier comprises a lower guide plate. A multifunctional buoyancy tank comprises a buoyancy tank main body and a wind energy collection power generation device located on the upper portion of the buoyancy tank main body. The buoyancy tank mainbody is fixedly connected with the lower guide plate. An upper layer platform is supported on an energy collection guide plate. The two sides of the buoyancy tank main body are each provided with atleast one vertical high-efficiency low-resistance suspended turbine containing groove. A high-efficiency low-resistance suspended turbine is arranged in the high-efficiency low-resistance suspended turbine containing groove. The platform has the following beneficial effects that new resources of wave, tide, ocean current, wind and light are comprehensively used for generating power with high efficiency and low cost and are integrated into the movable environment-friendly multifunctional platform, and arrangement of functional modules such as a marine ranching module, a marine farm module, a marine monitoring and exploration module, a seawater hydrogen production and desalination, a maritime travel sightseeing lodging module and a marine purification module can be achieved according to actual demands.

A method for processing a thin-film absorber material with enhanced photovoltaic efficiency includes forming a barrier layer on a soda lime glass substrate followed by formation of a stack structure of precursor layers. The method further includes subjecting the soda-lime glass substrate with the stack structure to a thermal treatment process with at least H2Se gas species at a temperature above 400° C. to cause formation of an absorber material. By positioning the substrates close together, during the process sodium from an adjoining substrate in the furnace also is incorporated into the absorber layer.

The present invention relates to a solar or photovoltaic cell wherein the thickness of the photovoltaic substrate is reduced such that the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is about 100% greater than a typical photovoltaic cell. The solar cell can also include a cold plate located adjacent to the solar cell to remove heat from the solar cell.

A method and an apparatus are provided for initiating rotation of blades of a wind turbine when wind speed is less than a cut-in speed. A solar powered wind turbine apparatus includes a solar dome with photovoltaic cells, operably connected to a rotor assembly, and an electric motor. The photovoltaic cells convert solar energy from incident sunlight into electrical energy. The electric motor electrically connected to the photovoltaic cells rotates the blades of the rotor assembly using the electrical energy from the photovoltaic cells. The electric motor powered by the photovoltaic cells initiates the rotation of the blades of the rotor assembly when wind speed is less than the cut-in speed, and therefore reduces or eliminates the cut-in speed required to rotate the blades. The blades of the rotor assembly thereafter continue to rotate in response to a force of wind on the blades and / or the powered electric motor.

An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for restoring efficiency of a photovoltaic cell. An illumination module illuminates photovoltaic cells so the cells receive a time integrated irradiance equivalent to at least 5 hours of solar illumination. After illumination, an annealing module anneals the photovoltaic cells at a temperature above 90 degrees Celsius for a minimum of 10 minutes. In one embodiment, the illumination module illuminates the photovoltaic cells for a time integrated irradiance equivalent to at least 20 hours of solar illumination. In another embodiment, the illumination module illuminates the photovoltaic cells for a time integrated irradiance equivalent to at least 16 hours of solar illumination while being heated to at least 50 degrees Celsius. In another embodiment, a solar concentrator irradiates the photovoltaic cells in sunlight for at least 10 hours and increases the irradiance of solar illumination on the cells by a factor of 2 to 5.

A photovoltaic solar cell (SZ) of improved light-to-current conversion properties is provided with nano emitters (NE) of acicular or rib-like form and are separated from each other at a uniform distance D≦√{square root over (2)}L and penetrating to a penetration depth T≥dHL-L2+winto the semiconductor layer (HL).

A method and apparatus for forming thin film materials via a plasma deposition process in the presence of a magnetic field. A precursor is delivered to a deposition chamber and activated to form a plasma. The plasma may be initiated in the presence of a magnetic field or subjected to a magnetic field after initiation. The plasma includes ionized and neutral species derived from the precursor and the magnetic field manipulates the plasma to effect a reduction in the population of ionized species and an enhancement of the population of neutral species. A thin film material is subsequently formed from the resulting neutral-enriched deposition medium. The method permits formation of thin film materials having a low density of defects. In one embodiment, the thin film material is a photovoltaic material and the suppression of defects leads to an enhancement in photovoltaic efficiency.