84results about How to "Improve lighting efficiency" patented technology

The invention discloses an automatic illumination adjusting method and system for an agricultural greenhouse, a medium and a product, and relates to the field of seed and seedling cultivation, the method comprises the following steps: obtaining image data of target seedlings in a seedling raising area, and determining seedling height data and leaf density distribution of the target seedlings according to the image data; determining initial illumination intensity and illumination distribution data of the seedling raising area according to the image data and the illumination parameters of the seedling raising area; when the initial illumination intensity is lower than a preset light intensity lower limit, determining a target adjustment angle of the light supplementing plate based on the seedling height data, the leaf density distribution and the illumination distribution data; adjusting the inclination angle of the light supplementing plate to a target adjusting angle, and obtaining the corrected illumination intensity of the seedling raising area in real time; and when the corrected illumination intensity is lower than the preset light intensity lower limit, adjusting the luminous intensity of the LED light source until the corrected illumination intensity is not lower than the preset light intensity lower limit. According to the invention, energy loss of agricultural greenhouse light supplement can be saved.

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic solar energy, in particular to a photovoltaic solar support structure with a light following function and a light following method thereof.The photovoltaic solar support structure comprises a supporting base, an L-shaped supporting plate and a control system are sequentially and fixedly installed on the side face of the supporting base from top to bottom, and the upper end of the supporting base is in a T shape; a rotating groove is formed in the upper end of the supporting base, and the control system executes the following steps that the control system comprises a light following sensor, a receiving and transmitting module, a motor control module, a potentiometer, an analysis processing module and a comparison processing module. The motor shaft of the stepping motor drives the main gear to rotate, and the light-following rotating seat drives the photovoltaic solar panel and the light-following sensor to rotate through the photovoltaic support, so that the position of the photovoltaic solar panel is adjusted, the strongest light can be vertically irradiated on the photovoltaic solar panel, and the illumination efficiency is improved.

The utility model relates to photovoltaic panel dust removal equipment, both sides of a photovoltaic panel body are provided with mounting seats, one end of each mounting seat is provided with a motor, the output end of each motor is provided with a screw, and a transmission gear drives a connecting rod and a cleaning roller to rotate, so that the surface of the photovoltaic panel body is cleaned. The surface impurities after long-time use of the photovoltaic panel main body are reduced, a shunting pipe penetrates through a supporting plate and is fixedly provided with a plurality of nozzles at a water outlet, a water conveying pipe is arranged between the water pumping end of a water pump and a collecting box for connection, and cleaned and purified water is conveyed to the nozzles through the water conveying pipe and a water pump system. And the guide wheels slide on the surfaces of the two sides of the photovoltaic panel to guide the dust removal equipment, so that a stable guide effect is provided, and the dust removal equipment is kept stable in the process of being mounted on the photovoltaic panel.

The invention provides a high-pole lamp illumination intelligent control system and method, and the system comprises an intelligent illumination control cloud box and an illumination control management system, and the intelligent illumination control cloud box is in wireless communication connection with the illumination control management system. According to the invention, by operating the illumination management platform, the mobile phone APP and the illumination intelligent control cloud box to send out instructions, independent control, batch control and plan control are carried out on field lamps, time-phased and regional control can also be carried out, and intelligent monitoring control and fine management of illumination of the high-pole lamp are realized. Meanwhile, the functions of map function, equipment inspection, illumination control, electric quantity overreading, gateway inspection, equipment timing, electricity price clock, batch parameter adjustment, energy efficiency management, alarm and the like can be realized, and the functions of traffic flow monitoring, safety monitoring, light illumination and coverage control based on image recognition and neural network technologies can be realized; the method is of great significance in improving the lighting efficiency, reducing the energy consumption and realizing the intelligent management of urban traffic.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-rise building illumination, and discloses a high-rise building illumination integrated design method based on a BIM technology, and the method comprises the steps: S1, building a high-rise building internal structure material reflectivity library, and building a high-rise building internal lamp database, the reflectivity database comprises reflectivity numerical values of a fixed building surface in a building and reflectivity numerical values of indoor movable equipment, the lamp database comprises brightness, color temperature and beam angle parameter values, and accurate simulation and optimization of illumination are realized by comprehensively considering building structure materials, lamp parameters and reflection and absorption of the movable equipment to light rays. According to the method, the uniformity of indoor illumination is remarkably improved, glare and shadow areas are reduced, and a more comfortable and harmonious visual environment is created for residents or users; the high-rise building illumination integrated design method based on the BIM technology has important significance and remarkable effects in the aspects of improving illumination quality, optimizing spatial layout, saving energy, reducing emission, promoting industry development and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of workshops, and discloses an assembly type heavy steel frame workshop structure and a construction method thereof.The assembly type heavy steel frame workshop structure comprises a roof truss installed on a foundation; four roof beams which are symmetrically distributed in pairs are installed at the top end of the roof truss through high-strength bolts, a connecting beam is installed between every two symmetrically-arranged roof beams through high-strength bolts, and supporting beams are installed at the bottom ends of the two connecting beams and the top end of the roof truss through high-strength bolts; the inner walls of every two roof beams located on the same side are connected with a main roof plate through high-strength bolts, by arranging a driving mechanism and a movable mechanism, the top of the plant can be rapidly opened, in summer, indoor ventilation and heat dissipation can be achieved through natural wind, the indoor air quality can be improved, and the temperature and humidity can be reduced; natural light can be utilized to the maximum extent for illumination, and the lighting efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a wide-angle linear lighting optical structure which comprises a linear lens body and a linear anti-dazzle cover body detachably connected to the linear lens body, the linear lens body comprises a platform and a plurality of lenses which are linearly distributed and arranged on the platform at intervals, and the linear anti-dazzle cover body comprises a plurality of anti-dazzle covers which are linearly distributed. The number of the anti-dazzle covers is consistent with that of the lenses, the anti-dazzle covers and the lenses are in one-to-one correspondence, the anti-dazzle covers cover the lenses corresponding to the anti-dazzle covers in position, and the lenses are of a semi-lattice type Fresnel semi-convex lens structure on the whole. The large-angle grating linear illumination device has the advantages that large-angle grating linear illumination can meet the requirements of good light spots, good anti-dazzle performance and high efficiency at the same time.

The invention provides an energy-saving intelligent illumination control system, and relates to the technical field of intelligent illumination, and the system comprises the steps: collecting the current ambient light data of a target illumination region through an ambient light sensor, and generating the target ambient illumination brightness; identifying personnel activity information in the target illumination area through a human body activity sensor, and determining target activity illumination brightness; determining target adjustment illumination brightness based on the target environment illumination brightness and the target activity illumination brightness, and generating a self-adaptive illumination brightness control strategy in combination with the actual illumination brightness; adjusting the brightness of the target lighting equipment in the target lighting area based on a self-adaptive brightness control strategy, and monitoring the current lighting energy consumption data of the target lighting equipment through a lighting energy consumption sensor; the illumination feedback information of the user side is obtained, and the adaptive illumination brightness control strategy is optimized based on the illumination feedback information and the current illumination energy consumption data, so that intelligent adjustment of the illumination brightness can be realized, the energy consumption is effectively reduced, and the illumination efficiency is improved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of car lamps, and discloses a light guide element which comprises a light guide body, a plurality of first light guide teeth and second light guide teeth are arranged on the reflecting surface of the light guide body, light rays are totally reflected by the first light guide teeth and then are emitted out to form first light rays, and the second light rays are emitted out to form second light rays. Light rays are totally reflected by the second light guide teeth and then emitted to form second light rays, and the light emitting directions of at least part of the first light rays and at least part of the second light rays are not parallel. The light guide element can improve the light diffusion effect, reduce dark areas when the light guide element is lightened, and improve the uniformity and lighting effect of the lightening effect of the light guide element. In addition, the utility model further discloses a vehicle lamp.

The utility model relates to the technical field of street lamp intelligent control systems, in particular to a street lamp internet of things intelligent control system, which comprises a monitoring center, a control terminal, a lighting load and a mobile monitoring terminal, and is characterized in that the control terminal comprises a processor, a full night lamp lighting load module, a half night lamp lighting load module and a lighting lamp lighting load module; the processor is in communication connection with the monitoring center through a Modbus TCP protocol, the processor is sequentially connected with the full-night lamp lighting load module, the half-night lamp lighting load module and the brightening lamp lighting load module respectively, and on the basis of an existing street lamp control system, the monitoring center is used for achieving digital and automatic control over street lamps in cooperation with the Internet of Things, and the intelligent street lamp control system is simple in structure, convenient to use and high in practicability. The control switching of full-night or half-full-night illumination of the street lamp is realized, and the remote control of the street lamp system can be realized through the communication connection between the mobile monitoring terminal and the monitoring center.

The utility model discloses a novel anti -dazzle lamp area, including n shape silica gel cover, set up in the flexible substrate of n shape silica gel cover, the lamp pearl of fixed on the flexible substrate, the irradiation light guide silica gel layer of integrative forming has in n shape silica gel cover, the inner chamber top wall between irradiation light guide silica gel layer and n shape silica gel cover is provided with light source installation strip groove, the strip cavity is provided with in irradiation light guide silica gel layer, and strip cavity is parallel with light source installation strip groove, the honeycomb board of integrative forming has in irradiation light guide silica gel layer, and honeycomb board is with light source installation strip groove and is in the symmetrical side of strip cavity. The utility model discloses the structure is reasonably set up, and there is strip cavity cooperation honeycomb board in irradiation light guide silica gel layer, and the light of the lamp pearl in light source installation strip groove is after passing through strip cavity and honeycomb board, is favorable for the anti -dazzle performance of promotion irradiation, and the use stability of overall structure is promoted to the integrative forming of irradiation light guide silica gel layer and n shape silica gel cover, and the lighting light effect is promoted, can satisfy the use demand of different conditions.

This invention discloses an installation method for a time-zone-division circular pedestal curtain wall. The time-zone-division circular pedestal curtain wall includes time-zone-division curtain wall units. A set of curtain wall glass is arranged with 24 units corresponding to 24 time zones, forming a pedestal shape that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom. A time zone pointer is also provided at the top of the curtain wall glass, and the projection of the time zone pointer is projected onto the outer surface of the curtain wall glass. This invention facilitates the lighting and aesthetic requirements of the central area by setting a continuous circular pedestal curtain wall in the middle of the corridor. The setting of the lower and upper floor sloping walls facilitates the installation of the curtain wall keel, providing a fixed foundation and ensuring the overall structural integrity. The time-zone setting of the curtain wall glass ensures both aesthetic appeal and ease of installation while improving lighting efficiency. The setting of the time zone pointer and the pointer connecting wall further makes the central curtain wall resemble a sundial, enriching the structural types, and the pointer connecting wall at the connection point ensures the stability of the installation.

The invention discloses a large-target-surface wide-angle TOF lens, and relates to the technical field of optical lenses, and the large-target-surface wide-angle TOF lens comprises a first lens group, a symmetric lens group and a second lens group. The first lens group comprises a plurality of meniscus lenses with negative focal power and convex object side surfaces, and the meniscus lenses are used for reducing incident light angles relative to the lenses; the symmetrical lens group comprises two meniscus lenses which are symmetrically arranged and have positive focal power, the object side surface of the meniscus lens close to the object plane in the symmetrical lens group is a concave surface, the image side surface of the meniscus lens close to the image plane in the symmetrical lens group is a convex surface, and the object side surface of the meniscus lens close to the image plane in the symmetrical lens group is a convex surface, and the image side surface of the meniscus lens close to the image plane in the symmetrical lens group is a concave surface; and the second lens group comprises a plurality of meniscus lenses with positive focal power and a biconvex lens with positive focal power, and is used for correcting aberration of emergent light beams of the symmetrical lens group. The lenses in the invention all adopt spherical lenses, so that high-quality imaging with large target surface and large visual angle can be realized, an aspherical mirror is not needed, and the lens cost is further greatly reduced.

The invention belongs to the field of optical display, and particularly relates to a longitudinal chromatic aberration adjusting system based on a geometric phase liquid crystal lens, which comprises the geometric phase liquid crystal lens for changing imaging focal lengths of different wavebands of visible light incident to the geometric phase liquid crystal lens and reversing the size relation of the imaging focal lengths of the different wavebands of the visible light; the circular polarizing film modulates the light incident on the circular polarizing film into circular polarized light and eliminates stray light; the preset lens is combined with the geometric phase liquid crystal lens to reduce the focal power; after incident light passes through the geometric phase liquid crystal lens, the circular polarizer and the preset lens, different visible light wave bands are imaged on the retina of a viewer, and longitudinal chromatic aberration is eliminated. Through the above arrangement, through the combination of the geometric phase liquid crystal lens, the circular polarizer and the preset lens, the incident light can have basically the same focal length on the retina of the eyes of a viewer, that is, the interference of a longitudinal error on eye imaging is eliminated, and the viewing experience is improved.

The utility model discloses a hyperbolic cooling tower construction is with lighting device belongs to lighting equipment technical field, and its technical key points include guide rail, the periphery of guide rail evenly fixedly connected with a plurality of baffle, the inside of baffle is provided with bolt, the inside of guide rail is provided with the mobile locking assembly that positions lighting device, and the top of mobile locking assembly is provided with universal connecting column, and the one end of universal connecting column away from guide rail is provided with the charging type LED lamp, the utility model discloses the design through guide rail and mobile locking assembly, has realized the smooth movement and accurate positioning of lighting lamp in fixed track, and construction personnel can install guide rail once on the outer wall of hyperbolic cooling tower, and only needs to be adjusted lighting area remotely through push -and -pull in succession, avoids the operation of frequent, manual adjustment lamp position in the high altitude dangerous environment, greatly reduces the risk and operation difficulty of high altitude operation.

The application discloses a single-frame far-field wavefront recovery method and system based on a non-rotationally symmetric special-shaped pupil, and belongs to the technical field of wavefront recovery. The method comprises the following steps: a non-rotationally symmetric special-shaped pupil mask is arranged on an entrance pupil surface of a to-be-detected optical system, so that the pupil of incident light has non-symmetry; after the incident light is modulated by the special-shaped pupil mask, the to-be-detected optical system is passed through to form a first single-frame far-field light spot image; the normalized first single-frame far-field light spot image is input into a trained FFT-UNet wavefront recovery network, the trained FFT-UNet wavefront recovery network outputs a first pupil surface wavefront phase image corresponding to the first single-frame far-field light spot image; and wavefront recovery is realized based on the first pupil surface wavefront phase image. The application encodes phase information of a to-be-detected wavefront into a non-symmetrical diffraction structure of a single-frame far-field light spot, and helps to alleviate the conjugate solution degeneracy problem in single-frame phase inversion.

A display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel divided into a light-emitting region emitting light and a non-light-emitting region adjacent to the light-emitting region, and a cover layer disposed on the display panel, the cover layer including a first portion overlapping the non-light-emitting region and including a first dye, and a second portion overlapping the non-light-emitting region and including a second dye, and a light-emitting layer that overlaps the light-emitting region and includes a first substance in which at least a portion of the first dye is degraded.

The present disclosure relates to an LED lighting device. The LED lighting device includes a luminaire housing forming a mounting surface, a connection plate configured to be electrically connectable to an external power source and fixed to the luminaire housing, and a plurality of LED modules fixed to the luminaire housing in a state of being electrically connected to the connection plate, each of the LED modules including an LED light source. The connection plate and the LED modules are disposed on the same plane with respect to the mounting surface.

A plant cultivation light source includes at least two light sources selected from first, second, and third light sources that emit first, second, and third lights, respectively. The first light has a first peak at a wavelength from about 400 nanometers to about 500 nanometers, the second light has a second peak appearing at a wavelength, which is longer than the first peak, from about 400 nanometers to about 500 nanometers, and the third light has a third peak appearing at a wavelength, which is shorter than the first peak, from about 400 nanometers to about 500 nanometers. The first light has a color temperature of about 5000K, and has a first sub-peak having an intensity lower than an intensity of the first peak at a wavelength from about 500 nanometers to about 700 nanometers. The first sub-peak has a full-width at half-maximum greater than a full-width at half-maximum of the first peak.

The utility model relates to gem processing detection technical field more specifically, relate to a gem cutting and grinding process three -dimensional dynamic optical detection module, including mounting bracket, the mounting bracket includes upper roof, left side board, lower bottom plate and right side board, the upper roof, left side board, lower bottom plate and right side board combine and form the rectangular structure, wherein the middle part of upper roof is provided with fixed hole, the middle part of lower bottom plate is open, the right side and left side of lower bottom plate are provided with first off -axis parabolic mirror and second off -axis parabolic mirror respectively, the upside of first off -axis parabolic mirror and second off -axis parabolic mirror is provided with semiconductor laser and acquisition camera respectively. First off -axis parabolic mirror focuses laser to gem surface, second off -axis parabolic mirror captures the laser signal of gem surface reflection, and reflects it to acquisition camera, realizes the dynamic focusing of curved surface gem detection without aberration, and this detection mode adopts non -contact detection, avoids the damage of gem surface.

The invention relates to a lighting device for a vehicle, having a flat light guide unit (2) for generating a predefined light function, comprising: opposite flat sides (9, 10), on which coupled light (L1, L2) can be totally reflected within the flat light guide (8) in a light guide direction (11); the invention relates to a lighting device (1) having a flat side (2), a narrow side (12, 12 ') connecting the flat side, at which light energy generated by a light source (13) is coupled into a flat light conductor, and having a retroreflector unit (3) for generating a retroreflective function, which retroreflector unit comprises a plurality of retroreflective elements (18) arranged in a plane, the retroreflector unit is arranged offset from the flat light conductor of the flat light conductor unit in the main emission direction (H), the flat light conductor of the flat light conductor unit being arranged downstream of the retroreflector unit in the main emission direction.

The invention provides a gallium nitride-based semiconductor laser with a gradient radiation recombination coefficient waveguide layer, which is characterized in that a lower waveguide layer and an upper waveguide layer are respectively a gradient radiation recombination coefficient lower waveguide layer and a gradient radiation recombination coefficient upper waveguide layer; and a fitting curve of In ion strength distribution or In atom concentration distribution and a fitting curve of radiation recombination coefficient distribution of the waveguide layer on the gradient radiation recombination coefficient both meet any function distribution of GaussAmp, InvsPoly and Hill in an SIMS test. A fitting curve of In ion strength distribution or In atom concentration distribution and a fitting curve of radiation recombination coefficient distribution of the waveguide layer under the gradient radiation recombination coefficient both meet BiDoseResp function distribution in an SIMS test. According to the invention, carriers, quantum recombination and a light field are efficiently localized, the laser gain is improved, the carriers and the light field are efficiently localized in an active layer (quantum well), meanwhile, non-radiative recombination and absorption loss of a waveguide region are inhibited, and the threshold current, slope efficiency and reliability are further improved.

The invention discloses a lens and a lamp. The lens is used for the lamp. The lamp comprises a light-emitting part, and the lens comprises a lens body. The lens body is arranged on the side, facing the ceiling, of the light-emitting part and is opposite to the ceiling in the first direction. In the first direction, the lens body comprises a first side wall face facing the light-emitting part and a second side wall face deviating from the light-emitting part. The second side wall surface is provided with a first light guide structure and a second light guide structure. The first side wall face is configured to refract light emitted by the light emitting part to the second side wall face, the first light guide structure can refract part of the light to the side, facing a ceiling in the first direction, of the lens body, and the second light guide structure can reflect part of the light to the peripheral side, in the second direction, of the lens body. The light intensity of the peripheral side of the lens body is larger than the light intensity of the side, facing the ceiling, of the lens body. According to the scheme, the shadow and overexposure phenomena of the ceiling above the lamp can be effectively avoided, and the light illumination efficiency and the illumination effect are improved.

The application provides a semiconductor laser element, which comprises, from bottom to top, a substrate, a lower confinement layer, a lower waveguide layer, an active layer, an upper waveguide layer, an electron blocking layer and an upper confinement layer; a topological Dirac electron point layer is arranged between the upper waveguide layer and the electron blocking layer, and a topological Dirac electron point layer is arranged between the electron blocking layer and the upper confinement layer; the active layer is a periodic structure composed of a well layer and a barrier layer, and the number of periods is 3 >= m >= 1; the well layer is any one or any combination of InGaN, InN, AlInN and GaN, and the thickness is 10-80 angstrom meters; and the barrier layer is any one or any combination of GaN, AlGaN, AlInGaN, AlN and AlInN, and the thickness is 10-120 angstrom meters. The semiconductor laser element provided by the application can generate non-local effects between electrons and electrons through the cage lattice structure of the arranged topological Dirac electron point layer, and can inhibit the charge density wave and the quantum limited Stark effect.

The invention discloses a white light COB light source and a preparation method, and relates to the technical field of LED illumination, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: fixing a blue light flip chip above a PCB through solder paste, fixing a fluorescent diaphragm above the chip, dripping a layer of glue above the chip and the fluorescent diaphragm, and curing to obtain the white light COB light source. The fluorescent membrane can be a single-layer fluorescent membrane or a double-layer fluorescent membrane, is suitable for different fields, has good optical performance, can replace a QD membrane, and reduces the cost.

The semiconductor light emitting device package includes a common connection electrode having a first region and a second region; a first semiconductor light emitting device on the first region of the common connection electrode; a pair of assembly wirings on the second region of the common connection electrode; and a second semiconductor light emitting device on the pair of assembly wirings.

The invention provides a matrix type radar induction lamp group management system and device, and the system comprises a radar induction lamp group which is arranged in a matrix type, and detects a target in a coverage area through a radar inductor. Acquiring radar detection data of a target in the coverage area; based on the control differential equation of the matrix radar induction lamp group, acquiring an illumination control solution equation of the lamp group under the radar detection data; based on the radar detection data of the target and the illumination control solving equation, illumination responses of the target at different positions are obtained, and the illumination response with the maximum response value is selected as the maximum illumination response; and obtaining the lighting efficiency and the energy-saving effect of the lamp group based on the maximum lighting response and the lighting efficiency calculation equation and the energy-saving effect calculation equation of the matrix radar induction lamp group. According to the invention, the optimization of lighting efficiency and the reduction of energy consumption can be realized, and a more accurate and rapid-response lighting strategy is provided at the same time.

The invention discloses a submerged plant intelligent light supplementing system based on an optical fiber and a control method thereof, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining an environment image and environment data of a submerged plant, segmenting the environment image to obtain a regional environment image, carrying out the image recognition of the regional environment image, calculating the biological richness according to an image recognition result, and determining the regional illumination demand. The method comprises the steps of performing feature extraction on a growth environment, determining a first light supplementing demand and a second light supplementing demand, constructing an intelligent submerged plant light supplementing model, inputting the first light supplementing demand and the second light supplementing demand into the intelligent submerged plant light supplementing model to obtain a light supplementing strategy, and performing intelligent light supplementing on submerged plants according to the light supplementing strategy. The method not only can improve the precision and efficiency of the intelligent light supplement of the submerged plant by the optical fiber, but also has good interpretability, and can be directly applied to the intelligent light supplement system of the submerged plant by the optical fiber.

The present invention discloses a compact extreme ultraviolet broadband spectrometer, comprising a laser plasma light source and a bearing mechanism, wherein the bearing mechanism comprises a light source cavity and a collection cavity whose axes are in the same straight line, wherein the light source cavity is connected to the collection cavity through a first connecting tube, a light splitting element is arranged on the upper surface of the light source cavity, a non-periodic Al / Zr multilayer film spherical reflector is arranged on the upper surface of the collection cavity, a CCD sensor is connected to the other side of the light source cavity through a second connecting tube, and a stray light suppression mechanism is arranged on the second connecting tube between the CCD sensor and the light splitting element. The present invention adopts the above-mentioned compact extreme ultraviolet broadband spectrometer, while ensuring the spectral resolution and transmission efficiency, avoids the additional space requirement and the introduction of additional aberrations caused by the use of a reflective grating, and improves the spectral resolution.

The utility model discloses a place lighting control system which comprises a first system and a second system. The first system comprises a tree network and a control platform, the control platform is connected with a root node of the tree network, a part of leaf nodes of the tree network are a first brightness sensing device, a human body sensing device and a first actuator for controlling on and off of lamps, and the first actuator is arranged in a people flow non-dense area; and the second system is arranged in a crowded area and comprises a communication control module, a second brightness sensing device and a second actuator for controlling on and off of the lamp, and the second actuator and the second brightness sensing device are both connected with the communication control module. According to the utility model, the first system and the second system arranged in the crowded area are respectively arranged according to the crowded non-dense degree of the place area, so that the flexible deployment of the system is realized, the lighting efficiency is improved, and the first system adopts a tree network, so that the system can be conveniently expanded or reduced according to the change of the place condition.