The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring a radon exhalation rate on a medium surface. The measuring method comprises a measuring process and a calculating process. The measuring method comprises the following steps: during measurement, inversely covering a radon accumulation chamber on the surface of a medium to be measured; connecting a sealed measuring chamber with the radon accumulation chamber to form a loop; after collecting a certain time period of 5 minutes, turning on an air pump to mix the radon in the radon accumulation chamber and the measuring chamber at a smallflow rate less than 3L/min for 5 minutes, wherein at this time, the radon concentration in the measuring chamber is the radon concentration in the radon accumulation chamber at the time T; repeatedlymeasuring the radon concentration in the radon accumulation chamber to obtain a group of data of radon concentration in the radon accumulation chamber at equal time intervals by taking T which is greater than or equal to 10 minutes as a period; and solving the radon exhalation on the surface of the medium to be measured according to a theoretical formula. The measuring device consists of the radon accumulation chamber, the air pump, the measuring chamber, a secondary instrument and a drying pipe, wherein one end of the air pump is connected with the radon accumulation chamber, while the otherend is connected with the measuring chamber through a pipe; one end of the drying pipe is connected with the radon accumulation radon through a pipe, while the other end is connected with the measuring chamber through a pipe; and the secondary instrument is connected with the measuring chamber.