The invention discloses a cylindrical power battery module structure which comprises at least two battery modules connected in series with each other. Each battery module comprises a battery cell group, a battery cell bracket, an anode nickel piece, a cathode nickel piece and a circuit board; the battery module structure comprises a nickel piece connection rigid pressure plate, nickel piece connection bolt and nut, module connection bolt and nut and a support; the battery cell brackets, the battery cell groups, the anode nickel pieces and the cathode nickel pieces are assembled to form the battery modules; and the battery modules are connected into a battery module through the nickel piece connection rigid pressure plate, the nickel piece connection bolt, the nickel piece connection nut, the module connection bolt, the module connection nut and the support. According to the invention, the nickel pieces among the battery modules are connected by the multipoint bolts of the rigid pressure plate; the nickels of the module are in direct close pressure-equalizing connection, and the little total internal resistance, low self consumption and high reliability of electric connection of the module are guaranteed; the anode side structure and the cathode side structure of the battery module correspond to and are matched with each other; the capacity expansion of the battery module is facilitated, and the standard design of the battery module structure is easy to realize; and large-scale production is facilitated, and the manufacturing cost is lowered.