3562 results about "Structure support" patented technology

The invention discloses a long pile and short pile combined single-row pile and horizontal internal support pile supporting structure and a construction method thereof. The structure is characterized in that long piles and short piles are arranged in a staggering way at equal intervals in a single row of pile; the clear spacing between two adjacent piles is 200 to 400mm; two rows of concrete deep stirring piles are arranged behind a support pile to serve as a waterproof curtain; the layer number of internal supports is 1 to 3; the first layer of horizontal internal supports is generally arranged on the top of the support pile; the distance between the adjacent internal supports which are arranged up and down is 4 to 6m. When the supporting structure is designed, in all the rows of piles, parameters of the short piles are calculated to make sure that the requirements on the horizontal displacement, the bending capacity and the overturning resistance of the short piles are met and then parameters of the long piles are calculated to make sure that the requirement on the deep slide stability of the long piles is met. The construction method comprises the following main construction steps of constructing the long piles, constructing the short piles, constructing the concrete deep stirring pile curtain, hardening the ground before excavating a foundation pit, constructing a drainage facility, excavating the first layer of earth, constructing a pile top beam and the horizontal internal supports, excavating the second layer of earth, and performing the other steps until the earth is excavated to the bottom of the foundation pit.

The invention relates to a holed excavation supporting structure for a light and dark junction section of a tunnel in a bias pressure state and a construction method. In a supporting mode combining a bias pressure earth retaining wall and a cover arch, the unilateral bias pressure of the tunnel is balanced, thus ensuring the safety of a tunnel structure and safe holed excavation of the tunnel. With the adoption of the holed excavation supporting structure and the construction method, a slope is prevented from being destroyed in large area due to open cut tunnel excavation, and original ecological vegetation is protected to keep the slope intact and avoid landslip due to heavy excavation, so that neither engineering construction or environmental protection is neglected, and the engineering cost is also greatly lowered. The holed excavation supporting structure and the construction method can be widely applied to tunnel building in a mountainous hilly area.

A method and apparatus is disclosed for mounting a rail (e.g., fence, stair or banister) to a support structure (e.g., a post, wall, etc.), wherein a rail mounting bracket is provided that allows the rail to be supported within an interior of the bracket in a desired position until the rail can be fixedly secured to the bracket in the desired position. The bracket provides various projections from its face that allows a rail to be supported and fixed to the bracket at an upwardly and/or downwardly inclined angle relative to the bracket face. The bracket is designed to withstand various loads specified by building standards for composition fences and banisters.

A pre-fabricated building foundation form assembly is installed beneath a pre-existing temporarily supported structure in its final position, and a footing dug below the line of the lowest building timber. A rigid sheet form element is positioned along the upper and outside perimeter side portion of the lowest building timber. The brackets are positioned over the lowest timber and against the sheeting at specified intervals and held in place with connectors. Adjustable supports are attached to the brackets and connectors attach brackets to sheeting. J-bolts along with structural steel are installed. A rigid sheet form element is laterally positioned along the inside perimeter of the inner side of the brackets and held with connectors, which completes the suspended enclosure. A flowable and settable foundation material fills the space within the enclosure and extends essentially continuously upwardly from the footing below the site surface to meet the lower surface of the lowest floor timber to support the building thereon once the foundation material has cured. The footing below the rigid sheet form element has a lateral width greater than the space between the portions of the enclosure to form a foundation footing of suitable width.

An open state is formed behind a shield of an open type TBM (tunnel boring machine), so that bolting and shotcreting with wire mesh and the like can be realized, when unfavorable geological conditions such as crushed zones are encountered, broken surrounding rock collapses and falls, which not only threatens the safety of operating personnel and equipment, but also greatly lowers the construction efficiency. The invention discloses an annular steel structure supporting construction method with the open type TBM. The supporting TBM is provided with a shield which has an annular steel structure installation space. When the unfavorable geological conditions are encountered, the annular steel structure can be fast erected in an assembly line mode under the protection of the shield, the shield is replaced with the annular steel structure for supporting the surrounding rock as the TBM tunnels; under the protection of the annular steel structure, an annular steel grating and a steel mesh hollow structure are used for carrying out the bolting and shotcreting supporting and the like, the previous extensive construction is changed to controllable standardized operation, the original open type unsafe environment is changed to a closed protected operation zone; the construction method disclosed by the invention is different from the passive supporting which is carried out after the surrounding rock collapses and falls; the annular steel structure actively close off the broken surrounding rock, then the surrounding rock becomes a part of the supporting structure, the work amount for backfilling concrete and removing slag is greatly reduced, and thus the method is more efficient and safer, the cost is reduced and the operation is easy to realize.

The invention relates to a construction method for deep-foundation pit excavation. After foundation pit fender structure construction is finished, an excavation machine is used for excavating and an earthwork vehicle is used for transporting out the earthwork. The construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a. earthwork excavation for the first time: uniformly excavating from every corner of the foundation pit to the center by dividing three regions in a retreating manner; b. fender supporting structure construction and maintenance: pouring the fender supporting structure, and carrying out next-step construction when the supporting concrete strength achieves 80% of the design strength; and c. earthwork excavation for the second time: carrying out earthwork excavation below the fender supporting structure, selecting excavation equipment, excavating, and transporting out the earthwork in the pit in a two-stage overturning and transferring manner to finish excavation. The construction method for deep-foundation pit excavation has the advantages of being reasonable in construction step design, simple to operate and safe and reliable in excavating engineering, lowering engineering construction cost, saving construction period, and being obvious in economic benefit.

Disclosed are a support structure excavated in a squeezing type weak surrounding rock extra-large section short tunnel and a construction method. The support structure comprises upper supports, middle supports and lower supports from top to bottom; the upper supports comprise the left side wall pilot tunnel support (1), the mid-partition support (3) and the right side wall pilot tunnel support (2); the middle supports comprise the left middle step support (4) and the right middle step support (5); and the lower supports comprise the lower left step support (6) and the lower right step support (7). The construction method comprises the following steps of excavation construction of the left side wall pilot tunnel support (1), excavation construction of the right side wall pilot tunnel support (2), excavation construction of the mid-partition support (3), excavation construction of the middle supports, and excavation construction of the lower supports. Sinking of arch surrounding rock is forcefully resisted, construction safety is guaranteed, meanwhile the construction time of an anchor cable is shortened, and engineering materials are saved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and discloses a novel tunnel inclined shaft specific and special construction method. A main tunnel section is decomposed into a small cavern in a cross entry mode, then sectional digging is conducted toward the two sides of the small cavern separately, with an auxiliary tunnel composite lining structure being a base point, a primary support structure in the small cavern is supported to form a stable triangular structure, and construction conversion of digging the main tunnel toward the two sides of the main tunnels through a step method is quickly completed; when an inclined shaft is close to a main tunnel cross mileage, from a cross interface, through a method of digging a small pilot tunnel, a main tunnel body is entered to be dug, a main tunnel primary support steel frame is erected in the pilot tunnel, an erection point is acted on the upper part of an inclined shaft five-truss spliced door beam, bolt connection is conducted, a stable system of early closed loop support is completed, then according to a three-step method, digging is conducted toward the two sides of the main tunnel to form a main tunnel standard fracture surface, and a main tunnel primary support thickness and a deformation sunk amount of 40cm need to be reserved during construction of the pilot tunnel. According to the novel tunnel inclined shaft specific and special construction method, the potential safety hazard in the main tunnel specific and special construction process can be lowered to the lowest, and time influence can be reduced to the shortest.

The invention relates to a pressure compensation type foundation pit supporting structure and a construction method. The pressure compensation type foundation pit supporting structure is characterized in that a multi-cavity back-pressure bag composed of a plurality of continuous airtight cavities is arranged on the base foundation supporting side; a bag top beam and a bag bottom beam connected with the bag in an airtight manner are arranged on the top and at the bottom of the multi-cavity back-pressure bag respectively; the bag top beam and the bag bottom beam are connected with a transverse counterforce structure and a vertical counterforce structure respectively; transverse counterforce beams and vertical counterforce beams are arranged at partitions of the airtight cavities; transverse reinforcement bodies are arranged at the crossed parts of the transverse counterforce beams and the vertical counterforce beams; cavity pressurizing pipes and cavity grouting pipes are arranged in the cavities of the multi-cavity back-pressure bag; and a tension steering structure is arranged between the transverse counterforce structure and the side wall of a foundation pit. According to the pressure compensation type foundation pit supporting structure, the change of the stress state of a soil body due to excavation of the foundation pit can be avoided, in addition, an airtight seeping-preventing structure can be formed on the supporting side, and deformation of the soil body on the outer side can be dynamically controlled. The invention further provides the construction method for the pressure compensation type foundation pit supporting structure.

The invention relates to a construction method optimizing deep foundation pit changing supporting construction sequences. Top-down method sequence construction is adopted, and a supporting structural system of a foundation pit is formed by a drill hole potting supporting pile and a waterproof curtain. When foundation pit grooving is carried out, an original soil layer below a changing supporting structure is reserved, after the foundation pit grooving and construction of foundation brick dies are completed, the changing supporting structure and a cushion layer are poured simultaneously, the changing supporting structure and the foundation brick dies are utilized at the same time to serve as a bottom plate outer die, pouring of a foundation mat is carried out when waterproof construction is finished, and an upper part horizontal supporting structure can be dismantled when both strength of the changing supporting structure and strength of concrete of the foundation mat reach strength when the horizontal supporting structure can be dismantled. The construction method optimizing the deep foundation pit changing supporting construction sequences has the advantages of eliminating cleaning of sundries and back-fill consolidation soil operation construction, shortening a construction period, and reducing risks of the foundation pit.

The invention relates to an extremely-high geostress soft rock large-deformation tunnel multistage pressure-yielding and pressure-resisting support structure and a construction method thereof. The construction method comprises the following steps: excavating a tunnel with a nearly circular section, then driving long anchor cables and short anchor rods into surrounding rock, erecting ring-shaped profile steel frames at tail ends of the long anchor cables and the short anchor rods and spraying concrete, additionally driving reinforcement lengthened or encrypted anchor cables into the surroundingrock, then erecting steel frames and spraying concrete again to form multilayer extension support; constructing a reinforced concrete lining structure on the inner side of the multilayer extension support, and forming the multistage pressure-yielding and pressure-resisting support structure through the long anchor cables, the short anchor rods, multilayer support and the reinforced concrete lining structure. According to the extremely-high geostress soft rock large-deformation tunnel multistage pressure-yielding and pressure-resisting support structure, the pressure is actively released by reserved deformation; the long anchor cables and the short anchor rods are used for anchoring in time with high pre-tightening force, enabling the pressure of the surface surrounding rock to be transferred to the deep part of the surrounding rock and expanding the surrounding rock bearing ring; the pressure-yielding support structure is used for providing high resistance and continuous deformation capacity; the reinforced concrete structure is used for resisting rheomorphism; the deformation of the surrounding rock can be effectively controlled; long-term stability of the structure can be ensured.

An erectable and transportable scaffold device adapted to be engaged on and supported on a support beam comprises front and rear frame structures which are pivotally interconnected by means of parallel side braces which are connected between the frame structures. A scaffold plate is pivotally connected to the lower ends of each of the front and rear frames. And the front frame is pivotal outwardly from the rear structure to form a cage within the front and rear structures and the side braces having a floor formed by a scaffold plate. The plate has upright bottom edges which fit flush against the insides of an angle member forming the sides of the front frame structure so that it facilitates the holding of the structure in an erected cage forming position. A flexible or foldable member such as a chain or so is connected between the upper ends of each side of the front structure to the upper ends of each side of the rear structure. The rear structure also carries a rotatable hinge or an universal joint connected to a bolt having a front pawl and a rear pawl which is slidable therealong and which may be engaged against a support structure such as an I-beam by threading a wing nut onto the bolt behind said rear pawl to lock it in position.

The invention discloses a high-stress roadway combined ring beam supporting structure and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of roadway construction supporting. The supporting structure comprises a roadway and a supporting ring. The homogeneous and isotropous supporting ring is constructed around the roadway, anti-pull anchor rods and slip casting anchor rods of different layers are relatively evenly arranged in surrounding rock, a relatively even steel wire rope net with main rope bodies of steel wire ropes as ribs and a multi-layer tough concrete gunite layer structure passing through a highly dense rock face are pressed below an anchor rod pressing disc of each layer, pressure stabilizing and pressure retaining gunite is applied to evenly gluing disperse and scattered surrounding rock, and the overall mechanical property is relatively even and is greatly improved. The cask effect of supporting is avoided, the overall bearing capacity of the surroundingrock is improved, the anchor rod combination number in unit rock bodies of the surrounding rock is increased, the manner singly depending on the strength of the rock is changed, the strength of the supporting ring is improved, and in combination with gluing of the gunite on the surrounding rock, the mechanical property of the surrounding rock is improved.

The invention discloses a method for constructing an inclined bracing supporting system and a foundation bottom plate simultaneously. An inclined bracing lower supporting point is arranged at the bottom of the foundation bottom plate or a bearing platform cushion layer, original structure engineering piles are used for resisting horizontal force of a supporting structure; sloping and soil reserving are conducted on the side of a foundation pit, and earth in the center of the foundation pit is excavated; earth is locally over-excavated at the position where an inclined bracing lower additional block needs to be arranged; the lower additional stress plate and a bearing platform are poured in an over-excavating area, multiple engineering piles form a whole through the additional plate, a bracket is pre-arranged on a plate strip, and a steel plate is embedded in the bracket; an inclined bracing is erected; bottom plate or bearing platform concrete is poured to the sides of the piles, and a body structure is constructed upwards; and after a top plate of a basement structure is constructed and peripheral soil is backfilled to the ground surface, the inclined bracing is cut off. By means of the method, the problems that due to the fact that the inclined bracing needs to be arranged in the past, the bottom plate of the center area needs to be poured firstly, a construction joint needs to be arranged on the bottom plate, and secondary earth excavating needs to be conducted on earth at the lower portion of the inclined bracing are solved; and the method is easy to operate, the construction period is shortened, and convenience is achieved.

The invention relates to a formwork combination reinforcing and supporting structure used in short-leg shear wall construction and a construction method thereof. The structure comprises formworks used for pouring a longitudinal short-leg shear wall and a transverse short-leg shear wall and split bolts between the formworks, and back supports of the formworks are composed of secondary edges and primary edges. The structure further comprises a plurality of horizontally arranged wall hoop bolts in the height direction of walls on the peripheries of the longitudinal shear wall formwork and the transverse shear wall formwork, wherein the wall hoop bolts are used for connecting and reinforcing a whole formwork enclosure system and the ends of the wall formworks in a tensioning mode. The lower portion of the formwork enclosure system is fixedly connected with short bolts pre-buried in last process, and tensile-connection bottom sealing is formed. For installation of the formworks of the short-leg shear walls, the structures of the formworks themselves are used in combination with the wall hoop bolts, therefore, the stability of a short-leg shear wall formwork supporting system is enhanced, the accuracy of the formworks in horizontal position and structure size is guaranteed, the effects on formwork supporting and reinforcement are achieved, and the purpose of lowering manufacturing cost is realized.

The invention relates to a step-by-sep strengthening method by anchoring and forming a hole in a downward sleeve of cracking medium. According to the strengthening method, a hollow grouting anchor rope of a related large-aperture pretension bottom plate comprises a fastening section A, a grouting section B and an anchoring section C, and the strengthening method mainly aims at solving the difficulties that holes are not easy to form in a weak and broken roadway bottom plate, a hole forming wall is poor in stability and suffers from hole collapse easily, and the bottom plate is difficult to anchor and strengthen. According to the strengthening method, the large-aperture wall protecting sleeve at the shallow part is grouted, so that the problems of hole collapse of the hole wall is solved, meanwhile high-flow high-pressure grouting is realized, the grouting time is saved, the slurry dispersion range is enlarged, a whole support structure is formed by utilizing a grouting anchor rope and a steel beam, the anchoring and the common loading of the anchor rope are realized simultaneously when a cracking rock body is grouted for fixing, and the great deformation of the bottom plate is solved effectively, and in addition, according to the method, the construction is easy, the operation is simple and convenient, the effect is obvious, the safety and the reliability are realized, and wide practicability is achieved.

The invention relates to a foundation pit supporting structure and a construction method thereof. The foundation pit supporting structure comprises a first supporting plate, a second supporting plate,sliding rods, a limiting assembly and supporting assemblies. The moving direction of the sliding rod located on the first supporting plate is perpendicular to the second supporting plate. The movingdirection of the sliding rod located on the second supporting plate is perpendicular to the first supporting plate. Multiple first limiting grooves are formed in the first supporting plate. Multiple second limiting grooves are formed in the second supporting plate. Limiting plates are mounted on the sliding rods, and limiting holes are formed in the limiting plates. Limiting assemblies comprise limiting rods. Each supporting assembly comprises a supporting part and second sliding blocks, wherein one second sliding block is in sliding connection with the sliding rod located on the first supporting plate, and the other second sliding block is in sliding connection with the sliding rod located on the second supporting plate. The foundation pit supporting structure has the effect that the selfsupporting strength can be changed according to design requirements conveniently.