1207results about "Paving details" patented technology

The invention discloses an environment-friendly high-strength water-stop belt and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of high-molecular compound composition water-stop belts. The environment-friendly high-strength water-stop belt is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of ethylene propylene diene monomer, 40 to 70 parts of reinforcing filler, 10 to 25 parts of environment-friendly plasticizer, 1 to 5 parts of interface modifier, 1.5 to 3.5 parts of vulcanizing agent, 3 to 8 parts of active agent, 1 to 3 parts of anti-aging agent and 5 to 15 parts of flame retardant. White carbon black and calcium carbonate are adopted as reinforcing filler to replace traditional carbon black, and energy consumption and pollution emission in the production process are remarkably reduced. By optimizing the formula and the preparation process, the tensile strength, the elongation at break, the tearing strength and other mechanical properties of the waterstop are remarkably improved. Aluminum hydroxide is added as a flame retardant, absorbs heat during thermal decomposition and forms a barrier layer, so that oxygen is effectively diluted, and fire spreading is prevented.

The invention belongs to the technical field of asphalt pavement construction, and discloses a municipal road reconstruction engineering asphalt pavement construction quality control method, which specifically comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out three-dimensional laser scanning surveying and mapping on longitudinal and transverse joints and crack distribution of an original cement concrete pavement in the treatment research of the original pavement; the geometrical morphology and modulus characteristics of an original pavement are accurately analyzed through three-dimensional laser scanning and a dynamic modulus test, the thickness design of an asphalt layer is optimized, adaptive materials are intelligently screened according to climate characteristics and traffic load grades of a construction area, and the performance stability of an asphalt mixture is improved; meanwhile, by means of the intelligent paving technology, the flatness and thickness uniformity of a paving layer are guaranteed, the paving temperature is accurately controlled, the paving performance of the mixture is improved, rolling parameters can be automatically adjusted according to key information such as the paving thickness and the temperature, and the uniformity of the compaction quality is improved.

The invention discloses an efficient preparation and construction optimization system and method for a cold patch asphalt mixture, and belongs to the technical field of construction optimization. Environmental parameters of a construction site are collected, including altitude, an air pressure correction coefficient and a light volatile factor, and a multi-scale mixture model coupled with air pressure response is constructed; analyzing the volatilization path, the structural stability and the initial bonding strength of the mixture in combination with discrete elements and fluid mechanics simulation, and further extracting a structural retention threshold value and reversely deducing the proportion adjustment amount of medium-high boiling point solvent components; meanwhile, a microcapsule controlled release technology is adopted to delay release of light components, adaptive construction parameters are output based on a simulation platform and a machine learning model, the paving temperature and the compaction frequency are dynamically optimized, and efficient cooperation and intelligent regulation and control of the cold patch material performance and the site construction technology are achieved.

The invention relates to an asphalt mixture, in particular to a modified heavy-load asphalt mixture based on a basalt fiber composite material as well as a preparation method and application of the modified heavy-load asphalt mixture. The modified heavy-load asphalt mixture based on the basalt fiber composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 15 parts of asphalt, 1 to 3 parts of modified basalt fiber, 1 to 3 parts of aminated chitin whisker, 85 to 90 parts of mineral aggregate, 5 to 8 parts of hollow glass microspheres, 3 to 6 parts of compatilizer and 1 to 3 parts of stabilizer. Wherein the modified basalt fiber improves the low-temperature crack resistance, high-temperature rutting resistance and water stability of the asphalt mixture, and the aminated chitin whisker improves the fatigue resistance of the asphalt mixture.

The invention provides a sidewalk antiskid terrace material and a construction process thereof, and belongs to the technical field of terrace material manufacturing. The sidewalk antiskid terrace material is prepared from the following components: epoxy resin, polysiloxane elastic resin, fluorocarbon resin, modified covalent organic framework nanosheets, boron nitride nanotubes, nano silicon nitride particles, nano silicon dioxide, nano zinc oxide, a modified flame retardant, attapulgite, a curing agent, an accelerant, a flatting agent, a coupling agent and a dispersing agent. According to the sidewalk antiskid terrace material, various high-performance resins are compounded with the nano filler to form a coating with a compact and uniform structure, so that the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the terrace are remarkably improved. In addition, due to the application of the modified flame retardant, the floor has a good flame-retardant effect, and the safety is improved. The whole formula and the construction process are scientific and reasonable, strong adhesion of the coating is ensured, construction is simple and convenient, curing is sufficient, and the coating is suitable for long-term use of outdoor sidewalks and has attractive appearance and practicability.

The system for deicing black ice includes a plurality of laser scanners that are arranged at intervals along a road, each laser scanner including a light source unit, a non-contact temperature sensor, and a control unit that controls an operation of radiating the laser to the area in charge, a weather sensor that measures a temperature and humidity, and an integrated controller that communicates with the plurality of laser scanners. The integrated controller determines whether the laser is radiated to the road surface based on at least one of the measured temperature and humidity, and when the laser radiation is determined, generates a control signal to activate at least one laser scanner, and the control unit determines a heating area, and generates a pulse signal to turn on / off a light source unit so that the laser is radiated in accordance with a shape and range of the heating area.

The invention relates to the technical field of rainwater collection, in particular to a road surface rainwater collection system which comprises PP modules, side plates, lower water conservancy project cloth, upper water conservancy project cloth, tightening rings and limiting assemblies. The lower hydraulic fabric is laid in the foundation pit; the tank body is stacked on the lower hydraulic cloth; the lower hydraulic fabric is folded upwards and attached to the side plates; the upper water conservancy project cloth covers the top of the pool body, and is downwards folded and attached to the lower water conservancy project cloth on the vertical side wall of the pool body; the lower hydraulic cloth and the upper hydraulic cloth are hooped and sealed by the hooping ring, so that when a full water test is carried out, the lateral water pressure resistance of the side plate is improved, the side plate is prevented from laterally moving, and inaccurate test results caused by deformation of the side plate are prevented.

To provide a road surface forming method capable of easily forming a flat road surface on which a drainage channel is formed. [Solution] A road surface molding auxiliary member 1 comprises a plurality of water storage members 2, each having a water storage space S1 formed therein and with the water storage space S1 open at the bottom, and a blocking portion 3 formed on the top of each water storage member 2 to block the water storage space S1. The plurality of water storage members 2 are arranged on a plane and are connected directly or indirectly to adjacent water storage members 2. The road surface molding method comprises the steps of pouring road surface molding material onto the road surface molding auxiliary member 1 to a height substantially equal to or greater than the blocking portion 3, and grinding the blocking portion 3 and the hardened road surface molding material until at least the opening H1 of the water storage space S1 is exposed. The blocking portion 3 is formed from a material that can be ground together with the hardened road surface molding material.

To provide a road surface forming auxiliary member that can form a road surface with a high degree of freedom, in which a drainage channel is formed and cracking is suppressed. [Solution] A through hole H1 communicating with the water storage space S1 is formed in the upper part of the water storage member 2, and the water storage space S1 is open on the lower side of the water storage member 2. A plurality of first engaging portions 24 are formed in the water storage member 2, and a second engaging portion 31 engageable with the first engaging portion 24 is formed in the wall member 3. By connecting the plurality of water storage members 2 via the wall member 3, individual spaces S2 surrounded by the plurality of water storage members 2 and the plurality of wall members 3 are formed, and by hardening the road surface molding material poured into the individual spaces S2, a road surface is formed that allows water to flow from the through hole H1 into the water storage space S1.

The invention belongs to the technical field of polyurethane foam, and particularly relates to a polyurethane grouting material and application thereof. The polyurethane grouting material provided by the invention comprises a component A and a component B which are independently subpackaged, the component A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of polyether polyol, 1-5 parts of an organic silicon surfactant, 1-10.0 parts of a catalyst and 0.2-2.5 parts of a foaming agent; and the component B is isocyanate. Data of the embodiment show that the polyurethane grouting material provided by the invention has the advantages of excellent flowability and rapid curing, and the prepared foam has good mechanical properties and stability. Meanwhile, the polyurethane grouting material meets the requirements of the Monte Protocol for protecting the ozone layer and the Beijing Protocol for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.

The invention discloses a high-performance concrete repairing material, application and a concrete structure repairing method, and belongs to the technical field of concrete structure repairing. The high-performance concrete repairing material is prepared from Portland cement, rapid hardening cement, an inert mineral admixture, an early strength agent, a submicron mineral admixture, a nano material, an anti-freezing binder, fibers, a retarder, a volume compensating agent, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, a water reducing agent, a defoaming agent and water. Through the interaction of all the components, the functions of early strength, volume stability, freezing resistance, salt freezing resistance, fracture resistance, shrinkage resistance and the like are achieved, through the synergistic effect of all the components in the material, the overall performance of the material is improved, and the material has excellent adaptability and multifunctionality under different environmental conditions; therefore, long-term stable guarantee is provided for application in various damage scenes, and the proportion of each component of the material can be adjusted according to actual requirements of concrete structures so as to meet efficient repair in different damage scenes.

The application discloses a self-repairing crystal anti-permeation high-durability cement-based material, a cement-based surface structure and a paving method thereof. The self-repairing crystal anti-permeation high-durability cement-based material comprises the following components in parts by weight: Portland cement 40-60 parts, wear-resistant aggregate 35-50 parts, water reducing agent 0.02-0.05 parts, retarder 0.2-0.5 parts, redispersible emulsion powder 1-2 parts, silica fume 1-2 parts, expanding agent 1-3 parts, chelating agent 1-6 parts and crystallization precipitant 1-6 parts; the total amount of the above components is 100 parts; the chelating agent is diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and the weight ratio of the chelating agent to the crystallization precipitant is (0.5-2):1. The cement-based material has excellent self-repairing property, so that the strength, durability and anti-permeation property of the cement-based material are significantly improved.

The invention discloses an anti-slip photovoltaic floor tile and a manufacturing method thereof, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic building integration, and the anti-slip photovoltaic floor tile comprises an integrally packaged photovoltaic module. The rough anti-skid layer with a high friction coefficient is formed by adopting the glaze-plated anti-skid tempered glass layer and applying special pretreatment and a dry granular glaze sintering process, in the aspect of power generation performance, standard double-glass packaging is matched with the reflection synergistic effect of the white PVB adhesive film, the efficient and reliable photoelectric conversion capacity is ensured, and the service life of the photovoltaic module is prolonged. And excellent waterproof, dustproof, weather-proof and anti-aging performances are provided through comprehensive sealing protection, long-term durability in outdoor harsh environments is guaranteed, in addition, a lead hole is preset, the positive and negative electrode connectors capable of being quickly plugged and unplugged and a base is integrated with a lead channel design, convenient, safe and hidden wiring of electrical connection is realized, and the service life of the electric connector is prolonged. The installation and maintenance process is greatly simplified, the ground space utilization efficiency is remarkably improved, and the photovoltaic power generation function is perfectly integrated into ground pavement.

The present application provides a pavement distress repair method, apparatus and system, an electronic device, and a storage medium. The method comprises: on the basis of the type of a target pavement distress, determining the type of a target repair material for repairing the target pavement distress, and acquiring a target usage amount of the target repair material on the basis of the grade and geometric information of the target pavement distress, the type of the target repair material, and environmental data of an environment where the target pavement distress is located; and on the basis of the target usage amount of the target repair material, controlling a repair material spraying device to spray the target repair material of the target usage amount onto the target pavement distress, so as to repair the target pavement distress. According to the pavement distress repair method, apparatus and system, the electronic device, and the storage medium provided in the present application, a usage amount of a repair material for repairing a pavement distress can be determined more objectively and accurately, the problems of waste of repair costs due to excessive repair material usage or a poor repair effect due to insufficient repair materials can be solved, the process of determining the usage amount of the repair material is simple and efficient, and real-time performance is high.

The invention discloses basalt fiber reinforced low-carbon environment-friendly asphalt and a construction method of the basalt fiber reinforced low-carbon environment-friendly asphalt on a high and cold road surface, and relates to the technical field of road engineering. The basalt fiber is subjected to ultrasonic treatment by a silane coupling agent KH-550 hydrolysate and dried, and the low-carbon additive is prepared from waste rubber powder and biological asphalt and is matched with an anti-stripping agent; adding biological asphalt, stirring at a high speed, adding basalt fibers in three times, stirring at a high speed, and finally adding an anti-stripping agent to prepare an asphalt composition; adding an asphalt composition for wet mixing, and then adding fibers for continuous mixing to obtain a mixture; after the lower bearing layer is preheated, a crawler-type paver paves at the temperature of 155-165 DEG C, and the speed and the loose paving coefficient are controlled; initial pressing, re-pressing and final pressing are carried out, and a double-steel-wheel and rubber-wheel road roller is used for rolling according to the temperature and the speed; and after compaction, the heat-insulating tarpaulin is covered. The low-temperature crack resistance and freeze-thaw resistance of the basalt fiber reinforced asphalt, the carbon emission reduction of the waste rubber powder and the biological asphalt and the construction quality guarantee through dynamic temperature control and intelligent compaction are realized, and the construction method is adaptive to the alpine regions and meets the requirements of green road construction.

The utility model discloses a bolted assembly type airport pavement structure, which comprises a plurality of adjacent prefabricated concrete upper cover plates and a plurality of prefabricated concrete base plates, the prefabricated concrete upper cover plates and the prefabricated concrete base plates are in bolted connection, each prefabricated concrete upper cover plate comprises an upper cover plate central part and four flange parts, the upper cover plate central part is a cube with the thickness of h, four flange parts with the thickness of h / 2 are arranged on the upper edges of the four side edges of the central part of the upper cover plate and partially extend outwards, the length of the long edge of each flange part is smaller than that of the central part of the upper cover plate, and the adjacent flange parts are not connected with each other; a boss is formed in the middle of the square precast concrete base plate with the thickness of h / 2, and the top face of the boss and the top face of the precast concrete upper cover plate are spliced to form a complete plane. The connecting mode is simple and practical, assembling and disassembling operation is easy and convenient, force transmission performance is excellent, and the stress requirement of an airport pavement structure is completely met.

The invention provides an optimization design method of a fiber rubber gravel seal layer for inhibiting pavement reflection cracks. The optimization design method comprises the following steps: determining optimal fibers; determining an optimal aggregate; preparing a plurality of groups of third test pieces by taking the optimal fiber dosage, the optimal aggregate spreading amount and the optimal rubber asphalt dosage as variables through an orthogonal test; and combining the third test piece with the base layer with the crack and the overlay layer, preparing a fourth test piece, carrying out a reflection crack simulation test, and determining the combination of the material with the optimal crack resistance according to the test result. The method takes the reflection crack resistance of the fiber rubber asphalt macadam seal as a main evaluation index, and has the advantages of scientificity, reasonability and accuracy compared with the prior art. The fiber rubber gravel sealing layer obtained through the design method has excellent reflection crack resistance, the crack resistance of the composite pavement can be remarkably improved, the pavement maintenance and repair cost can be reduced, the pavement service cycle can be prolonged, and the fiber rubber gravel sealing layer has wide popularization and application prospects.

The invention discloses a municipal road rapid repairing structure and a construction method thereof.The municipal road rapid repairing structure comprises a plurality of base layer repairing blocks, the base layer repairing blocks are installed in grooves formed in damaged parts of a roadbed, every two adjacent base layer repairing blocks are connected in an inserted mode, and buffer repairing blocks are arranged on the upper surfaces of the base layer repairing blocks; the buffer repairing blocks are connected in an inserted mode, the upper surfaces of the buffer repairing blocks are covered with surface layers, the base layer repairing blocks are connected in an adhesive mode through fast curing adhesives, and the base layer repairing blocks and the roadbed are connected in an adhesive mode through fast curing adhesives. And the base layer repairing block and the buffer repairing blocks as well as the adjacent buffer repairing blocks are also bonded and connected through the rapid curing adhesive. The prefabricated base layer repairing block and the buffer repairing block are adopted, so that the cast-in-place and maintenance time is shortened, road repairing can be completed in a short time, and the influence on traffic is reduced. And the repairing blocks are further reinforced through rapid bonding glue, so that the strength of the whole repairing structure is improved.

The invention discloses a comprehensive design method for an anti-freezing pavement of a highway in a high-altitude severe cold area, relates to the technical field of road engineering, and solves the problems of high energy consumption, short service life, unfriendly environment or poor system reliability and the like generally existing in the prior art. And the design of combining structures, materials, energy and intelligent control is lacked. A comprehensive design method for an anti-freezing pavement of a highway in a high-altitude severe cold area comprises the following steps that S1, a multi-layer composite pavement structure is constructed, and the multi-layer composite pavement structure is composed of an anti-sliding and ice-inhibiting functional layer, an energy active layer and a heat preservation structure layer from top to bottom; and S2, a distributed state sensing network is arranged in the multi-layer composite pavement structure and on the roadside of the multi-layer composite pavement structure. Passive ice suppression, active ice melting, intelligent sensing and green energy are organically integrated to form a complete'sensing-decision-execution-energy supply 'closed-loop system, and the limitation of a single technology is broken through.

The invention provides an efficient grouting widening construction method for a new and old water-stabilized base layer, and belongs to the technical field of grouting construction.The efficient grouting widening construction method comprises the steps that foundation treatment is conducted on a widening area, and an old road side line is kept straight; excavating steps and setting elevation control; preparing a water-stable mixture and a cement grouting body according to a designed ratio; a synchronous grouting machine is fixed to one side of a splicing seam of the paver; blending cement paste and carrying out double-layer stirring; a cement paste permeation and diffusion control system is adopted for precise grouting, and the cement paste outlet amount is dynamically adjusted; an Euler loop rolling path planning system is used for guiding rolling operation, and a splicing area is rolled twice through a small road roller; after completion, immediately covering and preserving for seven days; and the optimal material composition is designed through a water-stable mixture proportioning optimization system. According to the method, efficient connection and integrity improvement of the splicing position of the new and old cement-stabilized base layers are achieved through a systematic process and an accurate control means.

The invention relates to the technical field of asphalt pavement preventability, in particular to a water-based epoxy emulsified asphalt high-skid-resistance thin layer structure and a construction method thereof, and the structure sequentially comprises a water-based epoxy emulsified asphalt waterproof bonding layer and a water-based epoxy emulsified asphalt high-skid-resistance thin layer from bottom to top. And the waterproof bonding layer is formed by mixing emulsified asphalt and water-borne epoxy resin, demulsifying and curing. The high-skid-resistance thin layer is formed by mixing, paving, rolling and curing a wear-resistant aggregate and a water-based epoxy emulsified asphalt cementing material, the cementing material is demulsified and cured to form a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure, and the wear-resistant aggregate is embedded into the cementing material in a point contact manner and partially protrudes out of the surface of the cementing material. Compared with the prior art, the two-layer structure forms chemical bonding and synergistic enhancement through a three-dimensional cross-linked network of epoxy resin, has excellent surface skid resistance, water stability and durability, can effectively solve the problem of insufficient skid resistance of an asphalt pavement, remarkably improves the driving safety, and adopts normal-temperature construction.

This invention relates to a bitumen pavement system enhanced for durability through the innovative use of carbon black and waste oil microcapsules. Traditional bitumen pavements often suffer from degradation due to environmental factors and heavy traffic loads, leading to increased maintenance costs and reduced lifespan. This advanced pavement system incorporates carbon black to improve resistance to cracking and wear, while waste oil microcapsules are integrated to provide self- healing properties. As a result, the pavement can recover from minor damages autonomously, significantly extending its service life. This invention not only enhances the performance of bitumen pavements but also contributes to sustainability by utilizing waste materials, making it an effective solution for modern road construction and maintenance. The system is designed for easy application, allowing for seamless integration into existing road construction practices, thus promoting durable and environmentally friendly infrastructure.

The invention is related to a modular wiring passage and junction system (10) for supplying power to electric vehicle chargers or other electrical devices in the public road.The modular system (10) of the invention comprises curb elements (11) connected and aligned with each other and with junction box elements (12) and corner box elements (13).To close the junction box (12) and the corner box (13) elements there exist junction box covers (15) and corner box covers (17) which are removable by means of a cover removal device (16).The curb element (11), the junction box element (12) and the corner box element (13) comprise through holes in their interior for the passage of wiring and on a front face an inclined portion (113) for an access ramp.

The invention relates to a road snow melting device as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The road snow melting device comprises a stable base layer and a thermal resistor, the stable base layer comprises an energy storage body, and the energy storage body can play a structure supporting role; the energy storage body is connected with external electric energy and the thermal resistor through wires. The preparation method of the energy storage body comprises the following steps: preparing cement-based printing slurry; filling the cement-based printing slurry into a 3D printing device, and stacking layer by layer to form a printing body; curing, maintaining, trimming and drying the printing body, and immersing the printing body into a soluble alkali / salt solution to obtain a cement-based electrolyte; a soluble alkali / salt solution is dropwise added to the surface of the electrode, then the electrode and the cement-based electrolyte are stacked and assembled, and an assembly is obtained; sealing and packaging the assembly body to obtain an energy storage body; a printing interlayer interface of the cement-based electrolyte has a directionally arranged pore structure, the pore diameter is 0.5-20 microns, and the porosity is 10-50%; and the hole orientation of the hole structure is consistent with the ion migration direction between the electrodes.

The invention provides low-temperature-resistant concrete as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of building materials. The low-temperature-resistant concrete disclosed by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 to 2000 parts of cement, 2000 to 3000 parts of aggregate, 1000 to 3000 parts of sand, 200 to 500 parts of water, 5 to 15 parts of a water reducing agent, 0.1 to 5 parts of a de-foaming agent, 0.01 to 0.2 part of an air entraining agent and 0.01 to 0.2 part of a retarder. The low-temperature-resistant concrete contains the composite cement system composed of the sulphoaluminate cement and the Portland cement, compared with pure Portland cement and pure sulphoaluminate cement, the performance of the composite cement system is more excellent, the early strength of the concrete is improved through optimization of the water cement ratio and the synergistic hydration effect of a composite cement body, and the low-temperature-resistant concrete has the beneficial effects that the early strength of the concrete is improved; the anti-freezing durability in a low-temperature environment is enhanced, the strength loss rate after freezing and thawing cycles is low, and the anti-freezing concrete has a good application prospect.

An edge protection system including a first expandable armoured joint to protect a first joint extending in a first direction, a second expandable armoured joint to protect a second joint extending in a second direction and an intersection module including a cover plate located at an intersection of the first expandable armoured joint and the second expandable armoured joint.

The invention relates to super-early-strength and ultrahigh-strength concrete for rapid repair engineering and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 410 to 430 parts of sulphoaluminate cement, 25 to 35 parts of silica fume, 200 to 210 parts of slag powder, 825 to 840 parts of fine aggregate, 550 to 580 parts of coarse aggregate, 10 to 20 parts of water reducing agent, 3 to 3.5 parts of auxiliary retarder, 8 to 10 parts of coagulant, 0.5 to 1 part of defoaming agent, 0.07 to 0.09 part of thickening agent, 0 to 55 parts of steel fiber and 200 to 210 parts of water; the preparation method comprises the following steps: putting sulphoaluminate cement, silica fume, slag powder, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, a water reducing agent, an auxiliary retarder, a coagulant, a defoaming agent and a thickening agent into a stirrer, and premixing to be uniform; adding 1 / 2-3 / 4 of total water into the stirrer at one time, and uniformly stirring; adding steel fibers into the stirrer; adding the rest water into the stirrer at one time, and continuously stirring; and after pouring is completed, a water spraying kettle is used for spraying water mist to the surface of the concrete for curing, and the concrete strength is enhanced to reach the expectation.

The invention discloses a seasonal self-adjusting type frozen soil roadbed heat preservation method, belongs to the technical field of road engineering, and aims to solve the technical problems that the annual heat income and expenditure management is poor and the thermal stability of frozen soil is difficult to maintain for a long time due to the lack of seasonal self-adaptive adjusting capability in the conventional frozen soil roadbed heat preservation measure. According to the technical scheme, a heat preservation plate layer containing a closed air channel network is laid in the frozen soil roadbed, the two ends of the air channel network are connected with a first vertical ventilation pipe and a second vertical ventilation pipe respectively, and the opening and closing states of the air channel network are automatically regulated and controlled through temperature response mechanisms arranged on the pipes according to the environment temperature; the system can be adaptively switched among three modes of heat resistance and heat discharge in summer, cooling and cold storage in winter and transition buffering in spring and autumn. The method is mainly used for road roadbed construction and maintenance in permafrost and seasonal frozen soil regions, the thermal state of the roadbed can be effectively regulated and controlled, thaw collapse deformation is prevented, and long-term stability and safe operation of the road are guaranteed.

The invention provides a wear-resistant and anti-slip ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof, the wear-resistant and anti-slip ceramic tile has a matte transparent wear-resistant cover glaze layer and an anti-slip dry granular glaze layer sprayed on the matte transparent wear-resistant cover glaze layer in an electrostatic spraying manner, and the matte transparent wear-resistant cover glaze layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1-10% of a wear-resistant dry granular glaze layer; comprising 1-5 parts of burnt zinc oxide, 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 3-8 parts of calcite, 2-6 parts of superfine corundum powder, 30-45 parts of high-aluminum-calcium frit, 10-20 parts of high-barium frit, 5-10 parts of kaolin, 7-15 parts of superfine quartz powder, 3-8 parts of high-silicon-aluminum frit and 3-8 parts of boron frit. The glaze is high in transparency and does not affect color development of ink; a silica tetrahedron and a boron-oxygen tetrahedron which are stable in structure are formed on the glaze surface, so that the Mohs hardness of the ceramic tile is high, the wear-resistant grade is high, and the wear mass is small; anti-skid dry granular glaze is applied in an electrostatic spraying mode, flatness is high, cleaning is easy, dirt is not hidden, and dual wear resistance is achieved.

A surface structure 2 for an area of hard standing comprises a particulate body 14 formed from a plurality of particulates 16, such as gravel, bonded by a cured resin material. At least one mesh layer