An object of the present invention is to provide a golf ball resin composition having improved rebound resilience performance. The present invention provides a golf ball resin composition containing: (A) a thermoplastic resin having an infrared absorption peak in a region from 3200 cm−1 to 3600 cm−1, and (B) at least one resin component selected from the group consisting of (b-1) a binary copolymer composed of an olefin and an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, (b-2) a metal ion-neutralized product of a binary copolymer composed of an olefin and an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, (b-3) a ternary copolymer composed of an olefin, an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, and (b-4) a metal ion-neutralized product of a ternary copolymer composed of an olefin, an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, wherein when a relaxation modulus Er (−20° C., 9%) of the golf ball resin composition is measured under conditions of −20° C. and a strain of 9%, a relaxation curve is plotted with the relaxation modulus (MPa) as the vertical axis and a logarithm (ln(t)) of time (sec) as the horizontal axis, and the relaxation curve is linearly approximated to obtain a linear approximation curve, the linear approximation curve has a slope in an absolute value of 7 or more.