680 results about "Shear modulus" patented technology

A structurally supported tire includes a ground contacting tread portion, a reinforced annular band disposed radially inward of the tread portion, and a plurality of web spokes extending transversely across and radially inward from the reinforced annular band and anchored in a wheel or hub. The reinforced annular band comprises an elastomeric shear layer, at least a first membrane adhered to the radially inward extent of the elastomeric shear layer and at least a second membrane adhered to the radially outward extent of the elastomeric shear layer. Each of the membranes has a longitudinal tensile modulus sufficiently greater than the shear modulus of the shear layer so that when under load the ground contacting portion of the tire deforms to a flat contact region through shear strain in the shear layer while maintaining constant the length of the membranes, the web spokes transmitting load forces between the annular band and the hub through tension in the web spokes not connected to the ground contacting portion of the tire.

A family of iron-based, phosphor-containing bulk metallic glasses having excellent processibility and toughness, methods for forming such alloys, and processes for manufacturing articles therefrom are provided. The inventive iron-based alloy is based on the observation that by very tightly controlling the composition of the metalloid moiety of the Fe-based, P-containing bulk metallic glass alloys it is possible to obtain highly processable alloys with surprisingly low shear modulus and high toughness.

A lightweight fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite having an improved combination of surface roughness, flexural and shear characteristics. The composite generally comprises a fiber reinforced thermoplastic core containing reinforcing fibers bonded together with a first thermoplastic resin in which the core has a first surface and a second surface and at least one first skin applied to the first surface. The first skin comprises a plurality of fibers bonded together with a second thermoplastic resin, with the fibers in each first skin aligned in a unidirectional orientation within the first skin. The composite satisfies at least one of the conditions: an average surface roughness of the outer surface of the first skin is equal to or less than about 4.0 μm/10 mm; the flexural modulus and strength are greater than about 10,000 MPa and greater than about 180 MPa, respectively; and the shear modulus and strength are greater than about 3,000 MPa and greater than about 100 MPa, respectively. In another embodiment, a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite comprises a fiber reinforced thermoplastic core containing reinforcing fibers bonded together with a first thermoplastic resin, the core having a density of about 0.1 gm/cc to about 2.25 gm/cc and a porosity greater than about 0% by volume. The core has a first surface and a second surface and at least one first skin applied to the first surface, each of the first skins comprising fibers bonded together with a second thermoplastic resin. The first skin comprises a thermoplastic melt impregnated continuous fiber prepreg material, or commingled fiber rovings comprising reinforcing fibers and thermoplastic fibers, with the fibers in the first skin aligned in a unidirectional orientation within the first skin.

A rotor blade assembly for a wind turbine includes a rotor blade having a pressure side, a suction side, a leading edge, and a trailing edge. A vortex generator accessory is mounted to either of the suction side or pressure side and includes a base portion and a protrusion member extending upwardly from the base portion. An attachment layer connects the base portion to the suction or pressure side. The attachment layer has a lower shear modulus than the base portion to allow for shear slippage between the base portion and the underlying suction or pressure side.

The present invention provides elastic constant and visco elastic constant measurement apparatus etc. for measuring in the ROI in living tissues elastic constants such as shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, Lame constants, etc., visco elastic constants such as visco shear modulus, visco Poisson's ratio, visco Lame constants, etc. and density even if there exist another mechanical sources and uncontrollable mechanical sources in the object. The elastic constant and visco elastic constant measurement apparatus is equipped with means of data storing 2 (storage of deformation data measured in the ROI 7 etc.) and means of calculating elastic and visco elastic constants 1 (calculator of shear modulus etc. at arbitrary point in the ROI from measured strain tensor data etc.), the means of calculating elastic and visco elastic constants numerically determines elastic constants etc. from the first order partial differential equations relating elastic constants etc. and strain tensor etc.

A transparent shock-absorbing laminate to be formed on a glass substrate for a display panel having a fracture strength such that it is fractured by a falling ball impact (drop height: 1.5 m; ball weight: 510 g) corresponding to 79,000 N, the transparent shock-absorbing laminate comprising a shatterproof layer having a shearing modulus of 2x108 Pa or more, at least two fracture-proof layers having a shearing modulus ranging from 1x104 to 2x108 Pa, each having different modulus, and a transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

A family of iron-based, phosphor-containing bulk metallic glasses having excellent processability and toughness, methods for forming such alloys, and processes for manufacturing articles therefrom are provided. The inventive iron-based alloy is based on the observation that by very tightly controlling the composition of the metalloid moiety of the Fe-based, P-containing bulk metallic glass alloys it is possible to obtain highly processable alloys with surprisingly low shear modulus and high toughness. Further, by incorporating small fractions of silicon (Si) and cobalt (Co) into the Fe—Ni—Mo—P—C—B system, alloys of 3 and 4 mm have been synthesized with high saturation magnetization and low switching losses.

The invention relates to a method for evaluating the permeability of a reservoir layer according to the interval transit time and density inversed pore flat degree, comprising the following steps: collecting the characteristics and physical property parameters of rock; calculating the bulk modulus and shear modulus of saturated rock; calculating the bulk modulus and shear modulus of a rock substrate and the bulk modulus of fluid; setting the initial flat degree of the pores; calculating the change relation of the modulus ratio of a dry rock skeleton along with the porosity; calculating the bulk modulus and shear modulus of the dry rock skeleton; calculating the bulk modulus and shear modulus of fluid saturated rock; comparing the bulk modulus and shear modulus obtained through forward calculation with the bulk modulus and shear modulus actually measured, and calculating the error between the bulk modulus and shear modulus obtained through forward calculation and the bulk modulus and shear modulus actually measured; and modifying the set pore flat degree by adopting a nonlinear global optimizing algorithm, and using the pore flat degree for speed prediction, fluid substitution, inversion of porosity and saturated degree and logging parameter evaluation after accurate moduli of the dry rock skeleton are obtained.

Methods for determining the shear modulus of a tissue of an individual are disclosed. In one embodiment, an acoustic pulse is transmitted and a reference echo signal is received. A first push pulse is transmitted at a second location of the individual. A second push pulse is transmitted at a third location of the individual. A series of tracking pulses are transmitted at the first location and a tracking echo signal is received from each tracking pulse. The effect of the first and second push pulses on the tissue is determined through analysis of the tracking echo signals. The shear modulus of the tissue is calculated based on the effect of the push pulses on the tissue. A system for imaging a region of tissue is presented.

A cellular material that can provide a unique combination of properties and characteristics for a variety of applications requiring a cellular solid that possesses one or more of the following characteristics: (1) efficient load support in one or more directions, (2) excellent mechanical impact energy absorption and vibration suppression potential, (3) high convection heat transfer throughout, (4) low pumping requirements for fluid throughput, for example in a second direction orthogonal to one or more load-bearing directions, (5) a substantially linear dependence of the Young's and shear moduli along with the tensile, compressive and shear yield strengths upon relative density (6) a potentially inexpensive textile-based synthetic approach, (7) excellent filtration potential, (8) a high surface area to volume ratio for enhanced activity as a catalyst or catalyst support (9) interconnected, open porosity for device storage, biological tissue in-growth or other functionalities requiring open space, and (10) extendibility to a wide variety of materials.

The invention relates to a reservoir shear wave velocity prediction method based on rock physics. The method comprises the steps that (1) supposing that the bulk modulus, the shear modulus and the density of a destination interval mineral are unknown constants, the error between a longitudinal wave velocity and a measured longitudinal wave velocity is acquired according to equation modeling, and the error between the acquired density and the measured density is calculated; (2) according to the minimum error criterion, the bulk modulus, the shear modulus and the density of a mineral component are inverted through a genetic algorithm; (3) and the shear wave velocity is calculated. According to the step (1), supposing that the elastic modulus of each rock component is an unknown constant in a reservoir logging curve section, the objective function of the inversion of the logging curve can be defined that a superscript M represents a simulation longitudinal wave velocity, O represents a logging observation longitudinal wave velocity, and w Rho and w rho represent normalized weighted coefficients; and the objective function is a nonlinear function of the bulk modulus, the shear modulus and the density of each mineral component. The method can be applied to a sand shale reservoir, and carbonate rock and other complex reservoirs.

Maximum and minimum horizontal stresses, and horizontal to overburden stress ratio, are estimated using radial profiles of shear moduli. Inversion enables estimation of maximum and minimum horizontal stresses using radial profiles of three shear moduli associated with an orthogonal set of axes defined by the three principal stress directions. Differences in the far-field shear moduli are inverted together with two difference equations obtained from the radial profiles of the dipole shear moduli C₄₄ and C₅₅, and borehole stresses in the near-wellbore region. The horizontal to overburden stress ratio is estimated using differences in the compressional, dipole shear, and Stoneley shear slownesses at two depths in the same lithology interval where the formation exhibits azimuthal isotropy in cross-dipole dispersions, implying that horizontal stresses are nearly the same at all azimuths. The overburden to horizontal stress ratio in a formation with axial heterogeneity may also be estimated using the far-field Stoneley shear modulus C₆₆ and dipole shear modulus C₅₅ together with the radial variation of the dipole shear modulus C₅₅ caused by near-wellbore stress concentrations.

The present invention provides a tire tread having a configuration and material properties that improve wet traction. In particular, the tread has a specified minimum threshold for chamfer density and a maximum level of complex shear modulus for the material that constitutes the tread in order to optimize the road friction coefficient (p) a tire tread experiences during a wet braking event. This results in better wet traction and a shorter stopping distance during the braking event.

The present invention provides an improved shear band for use in non-pneumatic tires, pneumatic tires, and other technologies. The improved shear band is uniquely constructed of honeycomb shaped units that can replace the elastomeric continuum materials such as natural or synthetic rubber or polyurethane that are typically used. In particular, honeycomb structures made of high modulus materials such as metals or polycarbonates are used that provide the desired shear strains and shear modulus when subjected to stress. When used in tire construction, improvements in rolling resistance can be obtained because of less mass being deformed and reduced hysteresis provided by these materials. The resulting mass of the shear band is greatly reduced if using low density materials. Higher density materials can be used (such as metals) without increasing mass while utilizing their characteristic low energy loss.

A method for determining a shear modulus of an elastic material with a known density value is provided. In this method, a spatially modulated acoustic radiation force is used to initially generate a disturbance of known spatial frequency or wavelength. The propagation of this initial displacement as a shear wave is measured using ultrasound tracking methods. A temporal frequency is determined based on the shear wave. The shear modulus of the elastic material at the point of excitation may be calculated using the values of the spatial wavelength, material density, and temporal frequency.

Fracture- and stress-induced sonic anisotropy is distinguished using a combination of image and sonic logs. Borehole image and sonic logs are acquired via known techniques. Analysis of sonic data from monopole P- and S-waves, monopole Stoneley and cross-dipole shear sonic data in an anisotropic formation are used to estimate at least one compressional and two shear moduli, and the dipole fast shear direction. Fracture analysis of image logs enables determination of fracture types and geometrical properties. Geological and geomechanical analysis from image logs provide a priori discrimination of natural fractures and stress-induced fractures. A forward quantitative model of natural fracture- and stress-induced sonic anisotropy based on the knowledge of fracture properties interpreted from image logs allows the computation of the fast-shear azimuth and the difference in slowness between the fast- and slow-shear. The misfit between predicted and observed sonic measurements (i.e. fast-shear azimuth and slownesses) is then optimized in order to discriminate depth zones with an elastic medium as being influenced by the presence of open natural fractures, closed natural fractures and fractures induced by non-equal principal stress effects.

Panels for use in building construction (partitions, walls, ceilings, floors or doors) which exhibit improved acoustical sound proofing in multiple specific frequency ranges comprise laminated structures having as an integral part thereof one or more layers of viscoelastic material of varied shear moduli which also function as a glue and energy dissipating layer; and, in some embodiments, one or more constraining layers, such as gypsum, cement, metal, cellulose, wood, or petroleum-based products such as plastic, vinyl, plastic or rubber. In one embodiment, standard wallboard, typically gypsum, comprises the external surfaces of the laminated structure.

Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention implement bulk metallic glass matrix composites in the fabrication of objects. In one embodiment, a method of fabricating an object including a bulk metallic glass matrix composite includes: forming a bulk metallic glass matrix composite composition into the shape of the object to be fabricated; and developing the bulk metallic glass matrix composite composition to include non-equilibrium inclusions that are softer than the surrounding matrix as measured by one of: the shear modulus, the elastic limit, and the hardness; where the bulk metallic glass matrix composite composition is such that the extent of the presence of the inclusions can be made to vary.