443 results about "Metalloid" patented technology

A low-hydrogen photovoltaic cell is disclosed. The photovoltaic cell may contain less than 5% hydrogen. In one aspect, the photovoltaic cell may contain substantially no hydrogen, that is, the photovoltaic cell may be substantially hydrogen free. The photovoltaic cell includes a substrate and an absorber deposited on to the substrate. The absorber may typically include elements from group 11, group 12, and group 13 of the Periodic Table, for example, copper, indium, and gallium. The absorber may be treated with selenium and / or sulfur to produce a CIGS or CIGSS-type photovoltaic cell. The low-hydrogen photovoltaic cell may fabricated by a method and apparatus adapted to control metalloid vapor delivery, for example, in a low-hydrogen or hydrogen free atmosphere.

A new class of light or reactive elements and monophase α′-matrix magnesium- and aluminum-based alloys with superior engineering properties, for the latter being based on a homogeneous solute distribution or a corrosion-resistant and metallic shiny surface withstanding aqueous and saline environments and resulting from the control during synthesis of atomic structure over microstructure to net shape of the final product, said α′-matrix being retained upon conversion into a cast or wrought form. The manufacture of the materials relies on the control of deposition temperature and in-vacuum consolidation during vapor deposition, on maximized heat transfer or casting pressure during all-liquid processing and on controlled friction and shock power during solid state alloying using a mechanical milling technique. The alloy synthesis is followed by extrusion, rolling, forging, drawing and superplastic forming for which the conditions of mechanical working, thermal exposure and time to transfer corresponding metastable α′-matrix phases and microstructure into product form depend on thermal stability and transformation behavior at higher temperatures of said light alloy as well as on the defects inherent to a specific alloy synthesis employed. Alloying additions to the resulting α′-monophase matrix include 0.1 to 40 wt. % metalloids or light rare earth or early transition or simple or heavy rare earth metals or a combination thereof. The eventually more complex light alloys are designed to retain the low density and to improve damage tolerance of corresponding base metals and may include an artificial aging upon thermomechanical processing with or without solid solution heat and quench and annealing treatment for a controlled volume fraction and size of solid state precipitates to reinforce alloy film, layer or bulk and resulting surface qualities. Novel processes are employed to spur production and productivity for the new materials.

The invention relates to hydrogen production and hydrogen storage technologies and materials, in particular to a catalyst for catalytic hydrolysis of borane for the hydrogen production and a preparation method thereof, thereby solving the problems that the direct application of powder catalyst in a catalytic hydrolysis solid-liquid reaction system can cause the loss of the catalyst, the catalytic hydrolysis reaction is difficult to control and the hydrolysis by-products are difficult to be recovered, etc. The catalyst is composed of an active component and a carrier; the active component is a binary, ternary or multinary alloy or a single precious metal or the combination thereof which is composed of one or more transition metals, rare earth metals or precious metals and metalloids; the active component is deposited on the carrier through the improved chemical plating technology, the surface thereof is rough and porous, and the structure of the prepared catalyst is the amorphous or the nanocrystalline structure. The preparation method has simple preparation process, high preparation efficiency and convenient large-scale preparation; the sources of the used raw materials are rich; the catalytic activity of the prepared supported catalyst is high, the real-time control of the catalytic hydrolysis reaction of the borane can be realized, the catalytic performance is stable, and the catalyst can be repeatedly used for a plurality of times.

Improved methods for the extraction or dissolution of metals, metalloids or their oxides, especially lanthanides, actinides, uranium or their oxides, into supercritical solvents containing an extractant are disclosed. The disclosed embodiments specifically include enhancing the extraction or dissolution efficiency with ultrasound. The present methods allow the direct, efficient dissolution of UO2 or other uranium oxides without generating any waste stream or by-products.

The energy density of the entire cell may be improved while retaining high power density by use of an alkali metal transition metal polyanion compound as the cathode and a thin film metal or metalloid anode. The thin film anode may be initially unalloyed or partially unalloyed. During use, the thin film anode may be only partially unalloyed relative to the theoretical maximum. The high volumetric capacity of the metal anode makes it possible to use a dense or porous thin film anode in conjunction with a relatively thin particle-based cathode to thereby improve the energy density of the cell.

The invention provides an organometallic complex, containing oxygen free organic ligands, for the deposition of a metal, preferably copper, silver or gold, and preferably by way of chemical vapor deposition. The organometallic complex having the formula [(Do)nMLx]k where M is a metal preferably selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag and Au; Do is selected from the group comprising ethers, phosphines, olefins, sulfides, pyridines, carbonyl, hydroxyl, cyclopentadiene, benzene derivatives, allyls, alkyls, amines, polyamines, aniline derivatives, cyclooctadiene and combinations thereof; n is an integer having a value from 0 to 4; k is an integer having a value from 1 to 4; x is an integer having a value from 1 to 4; and L is an amidinate ligand of the formula R1—NC(R2)N—R3 where R1, R2 and R3 are selected from the group consisting of alkyls, allyls, aryls, heteroaryls, hydrogen, non-metals and metalloids; and where R1, R2 and R3 are different or the same.

Disclosed are a metal single-atom catalyst and a method for preparing the same. The method uses a minimal amount of chemicals and is thus environmentally friendly compared to conventional chemical and / or physical methods. In addition, the method enables the preparation of a single-atom catalyst in a simple and economical manner without the need for further treatment such as acid treatment or heat treatment. Furthermore, the method is universally applicable to the preparation of single-atom catalysts irrespective of the kinds of metals and supports, unlike conventional methods that suffer from very limited choices of metal materials and supports. Therefore, the method can be widely utilized to prepare various types of metal single-atom catalysts. All metal atoms in the metal single-atom catalyst can participate in catalytic reactions. This optimal atom utilization achieves maximum reactivity per unit mass and can minimize the amount of the metal used, which is very economical.

Disclosed is an anode active material, comprising: (a) a carbonaceous material; and (b) a carbide coating layer partially or totally formed on a surface of the carbonaceous material, the carbide coating layer comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of metals and metalloids. An anode obtained by using the anode active material and an electrochemical device comprising the anode are also disclosed. The carbonaceous material comprises a coating layer of metal- / metalloid-carbide obtained by treating it at high temperature under inert atmosphere, wherein the coating layer has increased interfacial boding force to the carbonaceous material and thus shows minimized reactivity to lithium. The carbonaceous material as anode active material can minimize the irreversible anode capacity needed for the formation of an SEI film during the first charge / discharge cycle, thereby providing high capacity, high efficiency and significantly improved anode qualities.

This invention relates to organometallic compounds comprising at least one metal or metalloid and at least one substituted anionic 6 electron donor ligand having sufficient substitution (i) to impart decreased carbon concentration in a film or coating produced by decomposing said compound, (ii) to impart decreased resistivity in a film or coating produced by decomposing said compound, or (iii) to impart increased crystallinity in a film or coating produced by decomposing said compound. The organometallic compounds are useful in semiconductor applications as chemical vapor or atomic layer deposition precursors for film depositions.

A negative electrode includes nanotubes including a metal / metalloid, disposed on a conductive substrate, and having opened ends. A lithium battery includes the negative electrode.

The invention belongs to the field of anticorrosion materials, and relates to a green and environment-friendly method for protecting metal from corroding, which can particularly control metal corrosion for long time effectively, and play a role in self-repairing the metal surface to a certain extent. The method is characterized in that an inhibitor molecule and polyelectrolyte are alternately deposited on the surface of a silicon dioxide nano-particle through green environment-friendly type metal inhibitor micromolecules and polyelectrolyte by adopting layer-by-layer self-assembly technology and utilizing the penetrating controllability of a polyelectrolyte self-assembly membrane so as to prepare a functional nano-particle with the inhibitor and the polyelectrolyte self-assembly composite membrane which are coated on the surface; and the prepared functional nano-particle is mixed with sol-gel to prepare the functional sol-gel membrane coated on the metal surface to be protected. The coating has the function of metal surface self-repairing, and ensures that the inhibitor molecules released by the functional membrane are adsorbed on the metal surface to reform a protecting membrane in a coating damaged microsection to play a certain role in self repairing. The method is applicable to corrosion protection of various metals.

The invention refers to amorphous and nanocrystalline magnetic glass-covered wires and to a process for their production. The wires consist of a metallic amorphous or nanocrystalline core with diameters by the order of 10-6 m having compositions based on transition metal-metalloids and other additional metals and a glass cover having a thickness of the wall by the same order of magnitude. The wires present high or medium saturation induction, positive, negative or nearly zero magnetostriction and values of the coercive field and of the magnetic permeability in function of the requested applications. The amorphous and nanocrystalline glass-covered wires are utilized in electronics and electrotechnics to achieve sensors, transducers, inductive coils, transformers, magnetic shields, devices working on the basis of the correlation between the magnetic properties of the metallic core and the optical properties of the glass cover.

A conventional method for forming an insulating film on a magnet has a difficulty in achieving sufficient improvement in magnetic characteristics due to nonuniformity of a coating film, and an extended time and higher temperature which are required in a thermal treatment. In order to solve the problems, the present invention provides a treating solution composed of an alcohol based solvent and a rare earth fluoride or alkaline earth metal fluoride dispersing in the solvent. In the treating solution, at least one X-ray diffraction peak has a half-value width larger than 1 DEG . The present invention also provides a method for forming an insulating film using the treating solution.

The present invention relates to a hydrogen storage composition prepared in accordance with a method comprising: (a) combining (i) a metalliferous material selected from the group consisting of: (A) metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or an homogeneous or an inhomogeneous combination of at least two of a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or (B) a hydride of any of: a metal or a metalloid, or alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or an homogeneous or an inhomogeneous combination of a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, with ii) a liquid consisting essentially of any of: water, at least one alcohol, or a mixture of water and at least one alcohol, to form a first intermediate; and (b) milling the first intermediate for form an hydrogen transfer facilitator; (c) combining the hydrogen transfer facilitator with a second metalliferous material selected from the group consisting of: (A) a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or an homogeneous or inhomogeneous combination of at least two of a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or (B) a hydride of any of: a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or an homogeneous or inhomogeneous combination of at least two of a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, such combining effecting sufficient contact between the hydrogen transfer facilitator and the second metalliferous material so that the hydrogen transfer facilitator is configured to effect absorption or desorption of hydrogen by the second metalliferous material.

Purity (chemical composition) and porosity of carbons are important for most of their applications. There are several methods of making porous carbons. Carbide derived carbon represents a method of manufacturing carbon from metal carbides by thermochemical etching of metals and / or metalloids at elevated temperatures. This invention provides a method of manufacturing carbide derived carbon with higher purity. The produced carbons can be used in several applications where higher purity carbons are desired including but not limited to gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, hemodiafiltration, enterosorbent, and toxin removal from biological fluids.

Certain example embodiments relate to vacuum insulating glass units having edge seals based on solder alloys that, when reactively reflowed, wet metallic coatings pre-coated on the glass substrates' perimeters, and / or associated methods. The alloys may be based on materials that form a seal at temperatures that will not de-temper glass and / or decompose a laminate, and / or remain hermetic and lack porous structures in their bulks. Example alloys may be based on inter-metallics of Sn and one or more additional materials selected from post-transition metals or metalloids; Zintl anions (e.g., In, Bi, etc.) from Group 13, 14, 15 or 16; and transition metals (e.g., Cu, Ag, Ni, etc.); and excludes Pb. Thin film coatings in certain example embodiments work with the solder material to form robust and durable hermetic interfaces. Because low temperatures are used, certain example embodiments can use compliant and visco-elastic spacer technology based on lamellar structures and / or the like.

Provided are a gas barrier film that is simply and economically manufactured, and has high hardness and strength, excellent gas blocking properties, controllable refraction index and transparency, and a compositionally gradient structure, and a method of producing the same. The gas barrier film includes a base material; and an organic / inorganic hybrid gas barrier layer that is formed on the base material and has a composition-gradient structure. The organic / inorganic hybrid gas barrier layer has a network structure having —O—Si—O— linkages. The network structure contains an organic functional group having a carbon atom directly linked to a silicon atom of the —O—Si—O— linkages, and other element that exists in an oxide form in the interstitial location of the network structure or that is linked to an oxygen atom of the —O—Si—O— linkages, wherein the other element comprises at least one selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, post transition metal, metalloid, boron, and phosphorous.

The invention relates to an anode material for a lithium ion battery, which is a complex formed by an organic compound and a metal or metalloid material. The invention also provides a preparation method of the anode material, comprising the steps of: uniformly mixing the metal or metalloid material and the organic compound under an atmospheric pressure within a temperature range of 0-25 DEG C andadding an oxidizing agent to obtain the required complex of the organic compound and the metal or metalloid material. According to the invention, the complex compound can be directly used as the anode material of a lithium ion battery and can be also mixed with other lithium storing materials in a proportion of 1-99 wt%; the anode material has very high lithium storing capacity and good circulating performance without being subjected to a plurality of circulations, can improve the electrical contact and adhering performances among electrode material particles as well as between an electrode material and a current collector, can effectively restrain the volume change of the electrode material in a charge-discharge process, can slow down the capacity attenuation of the electrode material, and can prolong the circulating life of the constituted battery.

The in vitro polymerization of silica, silicone, non-silicon metalloid-oxane and metallo-oxane polymer networks, by combining a catalyst and a substrate to polymerize the substrate to form silica, polysiloxanes, polymetalloid-oxanes polymetallo-oxanes (metal oxides), polyorganometalloid oxanes, polyorganometallo oxanes, and the polyhydrido derivatives thereof, at about neutral pH. The nanostructure-directing catalysts have a nucleophilic functionality and a hydrogen-bonding acceptor group, and include: silicateins, enzymes that work by a mechanism functionally related to that of the silicateins; self-assembling peptides related to those synthesized and demonstrated capable of acting as biomimetic substitutes for the silicateins; non-peptide-based synthetic polymers containing a nucleophilic group and a hydrogen bonding amine such that the polymer functions by a mechanism of action related to that of the silicateins; materials having such chemical functionality as a nucleophilic group and or a hydrogen bonding amine which, acting in concert with nanoconfinement and or chemical functionality of the surface or matrix to which the functionality is attached, acts catalytically by a mechanism related to that of the silicateins; and small-molecule non-polymeric biomimetic catalysts that operate by the same mechanism as silicateins. The substrate is selected from groups consisting of silicon alkoxides, non-silicon metalloid alkoxides or metal alkoxides, and any organic, organometallic or hydrido derivatives of the foregoing; inorganic and organic oxygen-containing chelates of silicon, non-silicon metalloids or metals and any organic, organometallic or hydrido derivatives of the foregoing; and inorganic and organic esters of the hydoxides of silicon, non-silicon metalloids or metals and any organic, organometallic or hydrido derivatives of the foregoing; and inorganic and organic hydolyzable salts, complexes or conjugates of the hydroxides of silicon, non-silicon metalloids or metals and any organic, organometallic and hydrido derivates of the foregoing.

Improved methods for the extraction or dissolution of metals, metalloids or their oxides, especially lanthanides, actinides, uranium or their oxides, into supercritical solvents containing an extractant are disclosed. The disclosed embodiments specifically include enhancing the extraction or dissolution efficiency with ultrasound. The present methods allow the direct, efficient dissolution of UO2 or other uranium oxides without generating any waste stream or by-products.

A plastic mirror that includes a plastic substrate having a front surface, a hardcoating on the front surface, a reflective layer, and an intermediate zone between the hardcoating and the reflective layer, the intermediate zone including at least one layer formed from a material selected from the group consisting of metals and metalloids, oxides and nitrides of metals and metalloids, and carbon.

Processes are provided which utilize fiber conduit reactors / contactors to effect extraction of metal element / s, metal compound / s, metalloid element / s, and / or metalloid compound / s from a fluid stream. In particular, methods are provided which include introducing a first stream comprising an extractant and a second stream comprising a metal element, a metal compound, a metalloid element, and / or a metalloid compound into a conduit reactor proximate a plurality of fibers. The second stream is substantially immiscible with the first stream. The streams are introduced into the conduit reactor such that they are in contact and the extractant of the first stream interacts with the second stream to extract the metal element, a metal compound, a metalloid element, and / or a metalloid compound from the second stream into the first stream. The method further includes receiving the first and second streams in collection vessel / s and withdrawing separately the first and second streams from collection vessel / s.

The present invention discloses novel methods for producing highly porous ceramic and / or metal aerogel monolithic objects that are hard, sturdy, and resistant to high temperatures. These methods comprise preparing nanoparticulate oxides of metals and / or metalloids via a step of vigorous stirring to prevent gelation, preparing polymer-modified xerogel powder compositions by reacting said nanoparticulate oxides with one or more polyfunctional monomers, compressing said polymer-modified xerogel powder compositions into shaped compacts, and carbothermal conversion of the shaped xerogel compacts via pyrolysis to provide the highly porous ceramic and / or metal aerogel monolithic objects that have the same shapes as to their corresponding xerogel compact precursors. Representative of the highly porous ceramic and / or metal aerogel monolithic objects of the invention are ceramic and / or metal aerogels of Si, Zr, Hf, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Au, and the like. Examples include sturdy, shaped, highly porous silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), zirconium carbide (ZrC), hafnium carbide (HfC), chromium carbide (Cr3C2), titanium carbide (TiC), zirconium boride (ZrB2), hafnium boride (HfB2), and metallic aerogels of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), ruthenium (Ru), gold (Au), and the like. Said aerogel monolithic objects have utility in various applications such as, illustratively, in abrasives, in cutting tools, as catalyst support materials such as in reformers and converters, as filters such as for molten metals and hot gasses, in bio-medical tissue engineering such as bone replacement materials, in applications requiring strong lightweight materials such as in automotive and aircraft structural components, in ultra-high temperature ceramics, and the like.

A metal / dielectric construction having either an optically transmissive substrate adapted for channeling light therethrough, or a dielectric substrate, an optional adhesion-promoting layer composed of an oxide form of at least one metal or metalloid deposited onto the surface of the substrate, a layer composed of a highly reflective and / or electrically conductive / electromagnetic metal overlaying the adhesion-promoting layer, and a protective layer composed of a parylene polymer film formed over the metal layer.

A method of making a layered MXene material comprises a) introducing dried MAX phase powder into a vessel under anhydrous, inert conditions, the MAX phase powder comprising a general formula of Mn+1AXn (n=1, 2, 3, or 4), wherein M is a transition metal or p-block metalloid selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Re, Cu, Ni, Ag, Zn, Cd, In, Sn, and Pb; interlayer A is a Group III, IV, or V metalloid selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Ga, Ge, In, Sn, Pb, As, Bi, Sb, and X is one of C (carbon) and N (nitrogen); b) introducing a halogen and solvent to the dried MAX phase to create a halogen solution having a predetermined concentration; c) allowing a reaction to proceed for about 24 hours between 30-90° C. to create a reaction slurry comprising a MXene material.

A sampling system for measuring the presence and concentration of inorganic ion species, including, metals, metalloids and non-metals, in a liquid solution including a first sampling unit. The first sampling unit includes a potentiometric subsystem configured to gather environmental metrics of the liquid sample, a preparation subsystem, coupled to the potentiometric module, the preparation subsystem being configured to prepare and isolate contaminants of concern in a flow of a liquid sample into metal, metalloid, or non-metal ionic forms; and a voltammetric subsystem selectively coupled to the preparation subsystem, potentiometric subsystem and a sample source, the voltammetric subsystem being configured to identify and determine a concentration of metal, metalloid, or non-metal ionic species through stripping voltammetry. The system is configured to compare a value of a stripping signal of the sample with a predetermined value to determine if dilution of the sample is required.

The invention discloses a preparation method of nitrogen-doped hierarchical pore carbon materials. The method comprises the steps of soaking waste banana peel, which serves as a nitrogen source and a carbon source, into an aluminum nitrate aqueous solution with a certain concentration, thus forming a multi-pore-channel metalloid organic skeleton coordination complex material through coordination and modification of metal aluminum ions; constructing a large mesoporous mesostructure by using the multi-pore-channel metalloid organic skeleton coordination complex material as a template; carrying out microstructure regulation and guidance by using an amphiphilic triblock copolymer Planck F127 as a soft template to prepare a series of nitrogen-doped hierarchical pore carbon materials with high specific surface area, large pore volume and adjustable average mesoporous size. The raw materials are cheap, easily available and environment-friendly; the preparation method is simple and mild in condition; the obtained hierarchical pore carbon materials have stable quality, can be applied to CO2 gas adsorption with high selectivity, can also be applied to bilirubin adsorption with high selectivity, large adsorption capacity and excellent biocompatibility, and are expected to be a potential blood purification and separation medium material in the aspect of clinical medicine.

Gel compositions based on reaction products of polyols and polyisocyanates contain as filler at least one pyrogenically produced oxide of a metal or metalloid. The gel compositions are used in structural parts or articles.