Method for preparing 8-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-xanthine derivatives (I) and their enantiomers and salts. Method for preparing 8-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-xanthine derivatives of formula (I) and their enantiomers and salts by: (a) reacting an 8-X-xanthine (III) with 3-phthalimidopiperidine (A), or its enantiomer; (b) deprotecting the product (II); and (c) optionally conversion to salt. X : halo or sulfonate ester, especially bromo; R 1>phenylcarbonylmethyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, pyridinylmethyl, pyrimidinylmethyl, (iso)quinolinylmethyl, quinazolinylmethyl, quinoxalinylmethyl, naphthyridinylmethyl or phenanthridinylmethyl, all optionally substituted by one or two, same or different, Ra; R 2>1-3C alkyl, cyclopropyl or phenyl; R 3>2-buten-1-yl, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, 2-butyn-1-yl, or 2-(fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, methyl, trifluoromethyl or cyano)-benzyl; Ra : hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, cyano, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, phenyl, methoxy, di- or tri-fluoromethoxy, or two Ra on adjacent C atoms complete OCH 2O or OCH 2CH 2O Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) (R) and (S)-3-phthalimidopiperidine as new compounds; and (2) methods for preparing the compounds of (1). [Image] [Image] - ACTIVITY : Antidiabetic; Antiarthritic; Anorectic; Osteopathic. No details of tests for these activities are given. - MECHANISM OF ACTION : Inhibition of dipeptidylpeptidase IV.