192results about How to "Avoid effectiveness" patented technology

The borehole of many wells, including oil and gas production wells, is frequently cased with a steel or similar metal casing. In order to extract oil or other material existing within the surrounding geologic formation, it is necessary to puncture the casing. Currently, this is accomplished with tubes (guns) containing explosive charges being lowered into the well bore and detonated, causing the tube and well casing to be punctured and the geologic formation shattered. The guns are made from high strength, thick-walled and machined metal. This invention discloses a multi-layered or composite tube that enhances the directional orientation of the explosive charges utilizing less costly and more easily fabricated material. The invention also discloses a gun having properties to allow the desired directionally oriented perforation by the explosive charge without being deformed and jammed within the well casing. Other advantageous are also disclosed.

A cartridge type bearing seal facilitates the prevention of contaminant ingress between a spindle rotor and a spindle housing, particularly in situations where a circumferentially uniform fluid pressure is generated within the annular volume of the spindle housing. The cartridge includes ringlike rotor and stator sections which can be compressed axially to snap fit together, in a manner which enables relative rotation about a common axis. When interconnected, the sections define an inside surface and an outside surface, and a fluid flow path which extends radially outwardly therebetween, and which traverses a collar and tangs construction which enables the snap fit connection. The tangs are arcuate in shape and spaced equidistantly around the axis. The total arcuate space occupied by the tangs is relatively small, compared to the total arcuate space residing between the tangs, and bounded by the two sections adjacent the collar. This structure allows the pressurized purge fluid to flow outwardly from the cartridge during use, to prevent contaminant ingress during operation of the spindle. This construction may be readily adapted to accommodate a spindle of virtually any size or shape, at relatively low cost, and is particularly suitable for retrofitting an existing spindle which has experienced a failed seal.