The invention provides a method for inducing dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells to be differentiated into nerve cells. The method comprises the following steps: extracting the dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells by virtue of an enzyme digestion method, inoculating the dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells to a culture dish coated with polylysine and laminin, adding an optimized culture medium, and performing culture amplification under a low-oxygen condition; then performing double-layer coating on the collected dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells by using an acellular amniotic membrane substrate, and performing induced differentiation by using a nerve cell induction solution; and finally, maintaining long-term culture of the nerve cells by using a nerve cell maintenance solution. According to the method provided by the invention, the optimized culture medium and the low-oxygen condition are used for culture, so that the number of the dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells is increased; the double-layer acellular amniotic membrane substrate is used for simulating a neurolemma structure to achieve an effect of guiding the growth of the nerve cells, and meanwhile, the nerve cell induction solution is used for inducing the dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells to be differentiated towards nerves, so that the differentiation rate is improved; and the nerve cell maintenance solution is used for maintaining the activity of the nerve cells for a long term, so that a clinician can flexibly control the treatment time conveniently.