The invention relates to an extraction method of an active factor for improving a survival rate of transplanted autologous fat such as autologous fat living cells, which comprises the following steps:1) putting extracted adipose tissue mixed liquid into a test tube, centrifuging, sucking supernatant plasma on the uppermost layer, adding a hydroxyethyl starch solution, and sufficiently and uniformly mixing, 2) adding into a nucleic acid type fermentation liquid, adding normal saline, stirring, standing, extracting fermentation liquid supernatant by using a sterile injector, adding a cryopreservation liquid into the fermentation liquid supernatant, and freezing by using semiconductor refrigeration equipment, (3) carrying out centrifugal operation by using a freezing centrifugal machine, after the fermentation liquor is liquefied again, adding the liquid after standing into a centrifugal tube, and carrying out secondary centrifugal treatment on the centrifugal tube in the centrifugal machine, 4) after centrifugal filtration, putting into a refrigerated centrifuge for centrifugal operation, and adding a new plasma sample to enable precipitated platelets to suspend again to obtain theactive factor. By means of the method, original adipose cells can be promoted to continue to grow and finally become adipose tissue stably, and the survival rate is high.