140results about How to "Improve biological activity" patented technology

The invention discloses a production method of distiller's grain fermentation liquid fertilizer specially applied to roxburgh rose. The distiller's grain fermentation liquid fertilizer is prepared bythe step of evenly mixing 50 to 80 parts of distiller's grain fermentation extracting solution, 0.5 to 1 part of microelement, 5 to 10 parts of seaweed meal, 5 to 10 parts of natural active organism,2 to 5 parts of potassium bicarbonate, 2 to 5 parts of natural active organism and 2 to 5 parts of natural surface active agent. A preparation method of the distiller's grain fermentation extracting solution comprises the steps: evenly stirring 50 to 80 parts of distiller's grain, 50 to 150 parts of rice washing water, 1 to 2 parts of EM microflora fermentation liquid and 0.5 to 1 part of sugar, performing composting fermentation at the room temperature to obtain a distiller's grain fermentation material, stirring and extracting through a sodium carbonate water solution, filtering and performing evaporation and condensation on obtained filtrate until the density is 1.1 to 1.2 to obtain distiller's grain fermentation extracting solution. The distiller's grain fermentation liquid fertilizerdisclosed by the invention has a good use effect, meanwhile can effectively prevent pest and disease damage to the roxburgh rose and is high-efficiency environment-friendly liquid fertilizer.

The invention provides traditional Chinese medicine fermented disaccharide encapsulated nano anti-dandruff, hair-growing and oil-controlling shampoo and a preparation method, and relates to the field of daily chemical products, and the shampoo comprises the following components: a compound fermentation product, lactobacillus crispatus, lactobacillus plantarum, a disaccharide activity protection system, a basic component and a nano oil-controlling component; the compound leavening is prepared from cacumen biotae, radix polygoni multiflori, radix ginseng, fructus cnidii and orchid; the disaccharide activity protection system comprises maltotetraose and trehalose; the disaccharide activity protection system wraps a fermented material formed by fermenting the compound fermentation product, the lactobacillus crispatus and the lactobacillus plantarum to form a disaccharide glassy state layer; the nano oil control component is prepared from calamine powder and chitosan-sodium alginate; the basic component is prepared from tea bran, radix sophorae flavescentis, herba ecliptae, radix notoginseng, fructus ligustri lucidi, tea saponin microcapsules and tremella polysaccharide. According to the invention, through fermentation conversion of the orchid, disaccharide glassy state protection and slow release of the nano calamine, activity enhancement, stable retention and accurate release are realized, and the effects of removing dandruff, relieving itching, controlling oil and growing hair are achieved.

The present application provides a PRPF31 variant comprising an exogenous nuclear localization (NLS) domain, wherein the exogenous NLS domain comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in any of SEQ ID NOs. 3 to 4. The PRPF31 variant can improve the biological activity of a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell, and can treat a disease caused by PRPF31 gene mutation.

This invention belongs to the field of cosmetic raw material preparation technology, specifically relating to a method for preparing a low-odor Xinjiang Lithospermum extract, its product, and its application. The method includes: raw material pretreatment: drying and pulverizing Xinjiang Lithospermum raw material to obtain pretreated material; first-stage extraction: loading the pretreated material into a supercritical fluid extraction device, adding a composite entrainer for extraction, and collecting the first fraction in a first separator; second-stage extraction: collecting a second fraction rich in naphthoquinone components in a second separator; and post-treatment: concentrating the second fraction and removing the alcohol solvent to obtain the low-odor Xinjiang Lithospermum extract. This invention can separate and discard most of the odor-causing volatile components in the raw material under mild conditions in the first stage, and then efficiently extract the core active substances of naphthoquinone in the second stage, achieving a significant reduction in the odor of the extract and a significant improvement in its sensory quality.

This invention relates to a diacylglycerol acyltransferase derived from Antarctic krill, its encoding gene, and its applications, belonging to the field of enzymology. The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the enzyme is shown in SEQ ID NO.1, and the amino acid sequence of the enzyme is shown in SEQ ID NO.2. This invention also provides a recombinant plasmid containing the gene of the enzyme and a recombinant engineered bacterium. Furthermore, it describes the use of this enzyme to catalyze the synthesis of triglycerides via an acyl transfer reaction using diacylglycerol and an acyl donor as substrates. This invention provides an efficient tool for the enzymatic biosynthesis and large-scale production of natural triglycerides.

The application discloses a preparation method of honey-mediated silver nanoparticle / attapulgite composite antibacterial material, which comprises the following steps: dissolving natural honey in water to form a honey aqueous solution under stirring, dispersing attapulgite powder into the honey aqueous solution to obtain a uniform mixed solution, adding silver nitrate aqueous solution dropwise into the mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 8-9, and continuously stirring the mixed solution at room temperature for 3-6 hours; and centrifuging, washing and drying the obtained product to obtain the silver nanoparticle / attapulgite composite antibacterial material. The active components in the honey are used as a reducing agent and a stabilizer, the silver nanoparticle / attapulgite composite antibacterial material is synthesized by one-step method, the preparation process is green, simple and efficient; the natural attapulgite is used as a carrier, on the one hand, the generation process of the silver nanoparticles is regulated, and the technical problem of effectively reducing the agglomeration of the silver nanoparticles is solved; and on the other hand, the biological activity is synergistically enhanced, so that the silver nanoparticles can play a more efficient antibacterial role and the application safety is improved.

This patent application discloses a recombinant human type II collagen, its preparation method, and its uses. The recombinant human type II collagen of this patent application is a truncated protein of natural human type II collagen, and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID No: 1. The recombinant human type II collagen of this invention can be expressed in commercial expression systems such as the commercial Pichia pastoris expression system with high expression yields. Furthermore, its tested biological activities (promoting cell proliferation and wound healing) are significantly superior to those of natural human type II collagen, and also significantly superior to other stages of natural human type II collagen.

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical prevention and control of agricultural diseases and insect pests, and provides an antiviral heterocyclic compound. The heterocyclic compound has a relatively good inhibition effect on plant viruses, has passivation, protection and treatment effects after being applied to plants, is superior to a commercial medicament virazole, has good biological activity and has a commercial prospect; the invention also provides a composition containing the heterocyclic compound. When the composition contains ningnanmycin, the two components have a remarkable synergistic effect in a certain proportion range, and the resistance risk of a single agent can be reduced. The invention provides a new medicament for preventing and treating plant viruses, and has important practical application value.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical synthesis, and particularly discloses an indolone compound and a preparation method thereof. The structure of the indolone compound is shown as a formula (I). The one-step substitution reaction-based indolone compound preparation method provided by the invention has the outstanding advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple operation steps, high product yield and the like, and effectively overcomes the common problems of tedious steps, harsh conditions, poor selectivity and the like in the existing synthesis route. Establishment of an efficient synthesis route provides a reliable way for rapid and large-scale preparation of indolone derivatives with novel structures. The series of novel indolone compounds with potential excellent biological activity provide a new opportunity for discovery of innovative drug lead compounds and development of novel functional materials, and have important research value and wide application prospects. Formula (I)

The application belongs to the technical field of natural substance separation and extraction, and particularly relates to a kind of Haematococcus pluvialis multi-product cascade separation method based on eutectic solvent sequential extraction and enzyme membrane reactor coupling, comprising the following steps: (1) cell wall weakening pretreatment step; (2) water-soluble component extraction step; (3) pigment component extraction step; (4) astaxanthin extraction step; (5) enzyme conversion step. Through the synergistic effect of eutectic solvent sequential extraction and enzyme membrane reactor, efficient, green and continuous cascade separation of water-soluble components, pigments, astaxanthin and xylo-oligosaccharides in Haematococcus pluvialis is realized, and product purity and resource utilization are improved.

The invention provides high-naringenin-content modified shaddock peel fiber gel and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that after shaddock peel white pulp is subjected to quick freezing and smashing, pretreatment is conducted through an electrochemistry-assisted gradient enzymolysis technology, then customized immobilized naringinase is adopted for treatment, and high-naringenin-content shaddock peel fibers are obtained; and finally, uniformly mixing the fiber with carnosic acid and soybean saponin, and adding magnesium chloride for cross-linking and curing to obtain the modified shaddock peel fiber gel. According to the preparation method, electrochemical assisted gradient enzymolysis is adopted, so that a compact network structure of fibers can be destroyed to increase active sites, the immobilized naringinase not only can efficiently convert naringin and accurately enrich naringenin, but also can effectively improve bitter taste, and magnesium ions regulate and control a multiple cross-linked network formed by the components, so that the gel structure tends to be more stable; meanwhile, naringenin is stably loaded so as to avoid migration and aggregation of the naringenin, and the bioavailability and active efficacy of the naringenin are remarkably improved.

The application provides a method and device for treating wastewater by combining a suspended filler floating bed and a soil infiltration system, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, breeding wastewater is treated by the suspended filler floating bed after passing through a hydrolysis tank, and effluent is treated in a sedimentation tank, and wastewater of the suspended filler floating bed is returned to the suspended filler floating bed for secondary treatment; S2, wastewater of the sedimentation tank is returned to the hydrolysis tank; and S3, effluent of the sedimentation tank is introduced into a soil underground infiltration system. The system provided by the application is beneficial to further strengthening the effects of denitrification, phosphorus removal and removal of suspended solids, and solves the problems of low dissolved oxygen content of influent and wastewater in the system, which is not conducive to the growth of nitrifying bacteria, and low effective volume utilization rate. In the use process, the filler does not need to be replaced, and mechanical aeration equipment does not need to be added, and the system has the advantages of low investment cost, no need to add chemical agents for treatment, obvious effect, not easy to breed mosquitoes, simple operation and management, and beautification of the environment, and has remarkable ecological and economic benefits for promoting deep purification of breeding wastewater.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical biological materials, and discloses a mussel mucin-chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogel and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively preparing a mussel mucin aqueous solution and a chondroitin sulfate aqueous solution; the mass volume concentration of the mussel mucoprotein aqueous solution is 1%-10%, the mass volume concentration of the chondroitin sulfate aqueous solution is 1%-10%, the mass ratio of the mussel mucoprotein to the chondroitin sulfate is 3: 1-1: 3, the two solutions are mixed and stirred or oscillated under the conditions that the temperature is 4-37 DEG C and the pH value is 7.0-9.0, a cross-linking reaction is conducted, and hydrogel is formed; the cross-linking mode is physical cross-linking, chemical cross-linking or physical-chemical dual cross-linking; according to the invention, excellent tissue adhesion, injectability, self-healing property and biodegradability are realized, cell adhesion and proliferation can be effectively promoted, and the gel is suitable for various medical beauty scenes such as skin filling, wound repairing and anti-aging nursing.

The invention relates to the field of health food, in particular to a preparation method of milk-derived exosome buccal sugar, which comprises the following steps: mixing milk-derived exosome with a skeleton agent and auxiliary materials to prepare a dispersion solution; and placing the dispersion solution in an environment of-30 DEG C for vacuumizing, and then performing freeze drying according to freeze-drying program setting to obtain the milk-derived exosome buccal sugar. Through the preparation method, the activity of mEV in the product can be maintained to the maximum extent; the use amount of the freeze-drying protective agent is reduced, the mEV biological activity can be maintained, the mEV can be quickly released in the oral cavity, the taste is obviously improved, and the onset time is obviously prolonged.

The invention discloses an active polypeptide for promoting healing of oral ulcer and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biological medicines. The amino acid sequence of the active polypeptide NPTX3 capable of promoting healing of the oral ulcer is DLKPIAEDIPSLEK. An in-vitro experiment result shows that the polypeptide NPTX3 can remarkably promote the scratch closure of the human immortalized keratinocytes at the concentration as low as 500 pM. Transwell migration experiments further prove that the polypeptide NPTX3 can obviously enhance the migration ability of HaCaT cells at the concentrations of 1nM and 10nM, which prompts that the polypeptide NPTX3 may accelerate wound repair by promoting epithelial cell migration. In an SD (Sprague Dawley) rat oral ulcer model, the ulcer healing rate can be obviously improved by locally applying the polypeptide NPTX3 (1 nM, 10 nM). The polypeptide NPTX3 provided by the invention shows excellent activity of promoting cell migration and tissue repair at an extremely low dose, has the advantages of low effective dose, strong biological activity, high safety and the like, and provides an efficient and mild new choice for drug treatment of oral ulcer.

The application discloses a kind of fulvic acid hydrogen peptide biological stimulant hormone fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belong to fertilizer technical field.Fertilizer is by 15~30 parts of fulvic acid, 5~12 parts of peony seed meal small molecule peptide, 20~35 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other components compound, water is made up to 100 parts, and auxiliary agent is emulsifier and chelating agent compound.Preparation first by dissolving fulvic acid, potassium phosphate in water and obtaining mixed solution, then adding small molecule peptide and auxiliary agent and stirring until the system is stable;Small molecule peptide is prepared by peony seed meal defatted powder crushing and enzymolysis, solves the problem of traditional fertilizer nutrient antagonism, unstable system, and the utilization of peony seed meal also improves resource utilization.Tomato, cucumber seedling test shows that it can significantly improve the growth index of crop root system and aboveground part, and the root-promoting and seedling-strengthening effect is better than that of similar fertilizer on the market, and the preparation process is simple, easy to industrialization, and has good agricultural application prospect.

The invention discloses a cyclocarya paliurus eurotium cristatum dark tea compound beverage and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: a biotransformation extraction step: crushing herbal raw materials to obtain mixed micro-powder, and carrying out co-fermentation enzymolysis on the mixed micro-powder and activated eurotium cristatum-containing golden flower dark tea powder in water to obtain a biotransformation herbal extracting solution; a coffee extraction step: performing low-temperature extraction and concentration on coffee beans to obtain a coffee concentrated solution; homogenizing and embedding, namely mixing the extracting solution, the concentrated solution and inulin, and performing high-pressure homogenizing treatment; and a drying and forming step: performing vacuum freeze drying on the homogenized feed liquid to obtain powder. The composition comprises the biotransformed herbal component prepared by the method, a coffee component and an inulin component. Herbal raw materials are biologically converted through an extracellular enzyme system of eurotium cristatum, the dissolution rate of functional components is increased, natural bitterness removal and sweetness increase are achieved, the product flavor is improved, and the biological activity is enhanced.

The invention discloses a stem cell-based microvesicle as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of biological tissue engineering, and particularly relates to a preparation method of the stem cell-based microvesicle, which comprises the following steps: culturing stem cells until the cell fusion degree is 80-90%, performing hypoxia treatment, and cleaning for 2-3 times; standing and culturing the cleaned stem cells, then adding a calcium ion carrier, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment; the serum-free basic culture medium containing the calcium ion carrier is immediately absorbed and removed, the cells are cleaned through PBS, culture is conducted for 24 h, and cell supernatant is collected and merged respectively; performing first centrifugation to remove cell debris; performing second centrifugation to remove dead cells and large cell debris; carrying out third centrifugation to remove organelles; fourth centrifugation is carried out, large vesicles are removed, and a final supernatant is obtained; and filtering and centrifuging to obtain a microvesicle precipitate. The preparation method of the microvesicles aims at systematically improving the yield and biological activity of the stem cell microvesicles through low-oxygen pre-stimulation, ultrasonic-calcium ion carrier synergistic induction and differential centrifugation.

This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically to a microbial preparation, its preparation method, and its application, comprising: a composite microbial agent; and a calcium alginate / polyvinyl alcohol interpenetrating network aerogel carrier loaded with the composite microbial agent; the aerogel carrier contains uniformly dispersed modified nano-attapulgite clay. The microbial preparation of this invention exhibits good wastewater treatment performance and long-lasting effect.

This invention discloses a forest-grown Panax notoginseng extract, an oral liquid, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of Panax notoginseng processing technology. The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) fresh forest-grown Panax notoginseng is crushed with water to obtain a Panax notoginseng suspension; (2) a complex enzyme is added to the Panax notoginseng suspension for enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysate; (3) the enzyme inactivation of the hydrolysate, solid-liquid separation, and concentration of the clear liquid are obtained; the complex enzyme is cellulase, xylanase, and flavor protease, and the mass ratio of cellulase, xylanase, and flavor protease is 10-20:3-7:2-6. The Panax notoginseng extract prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis using forest-grown Panax notoginseng as raw material has the effects of assisting in lowering blood pressure and enhancing immunity. Compared with conventional Panax notoginseng extracts, this invention has a better effect in assisting in lowering blood pressure.

This application discloses the use of itaconic acid derivatives in the preparation of drugs for treating candidemia, belonging to the field of biomedical technology. The itaconic acid derivatives proposed in this application are dimethyl itaconic acid and / or 4-octyl itaconic acid. Dimethyl itaconic acid exhibits a dose-dependent therapeutic effect in model mice, with an optimal dose of 1200 mg / kg improving survival rate and reducing kidney damage; 4-octyl itaconic acid can enhance the anti-Candida albicans ability of macrophages and regulate the expression of inflammatory factors. The application of the itaconic acid derivatives proposed in this application in the treatment of candidemia works through immunomodulation, circumventing fungal resistance. Furthermore, the drugs are low in toxicity, have good biocompatibility, and use a universal experimental system, providing a new approach for the clinical treatment of candidemia with broad application prospects. This application also protects pharmaceutical compositions for treating candidemia with dimethyl itaconic acid and / or 4-octyl itaconic acid as active ingredients.

The application discloses a thiazole-containing flavonol derivative and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of pesticide synthesis. A thiazole-containing flavonol derivative is generated by substitution reaction of 3-(bromoalkyloxy)-7-substituent-2-(4-substituent phenyl)-4H-chromone-4-ketone and 5-substituent-2-thiol-1,3,4-thiadiazole, and a structural formula is shown as formula Y: wherein n is 3 or 4; R1 is hydrogen or an amino group; R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group; and R3 is hydrogen, a halogen, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group. The thiazole-containing flavonol derivative has good bacteriostatic activity and can be applied to the preparation of bacteriostatic medicaments.

The application discloses a metal chelate modified lignin fertilizer additive for promoting plant growth and increasing chlorophyll content. The material is prepared by taking lignin and urea as raw materials, preparing urea modified lignin through a Mannich reaction, and then performing chelation reaction on the urea modified lignin and metal ion salt. The material can slowly release nitrogen, stabilize chelated trace elements, adjust the plant growth environment and the trace elements in the plant body, significantly increase the chlorophyll content of plant leaves, enhance the photosynthetic efficiency, and promote plant growth and biomass accumulation. The application has the advantages of simple process, easily available raw materials, environmental friendliness, natural degradation, high-value utilization of waste lignin, and provides a new scheme for efficient plant growth promoting materials, and is suitable for popularization in the field of agricultural planting.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and particularly relates to a dihydropteridine-6 (5H)-ketone skeleton compound as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The dihydropteridine-6 (5H)-ketone skeleton compound disclosed by the invention is an HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; the invention also comprises pharmaceutical salts, hydrates, solvates, polycrystals or co-crystals of the compounds, precursors and derivatives with the same biological functions of the compounds, a preparation method of the compounds and application of a composition containing one or more of the compounds in preparation of related drugs for treating AIDS and the like. The result of an in-vitro cellular level anti-HIV-1 activity experiment shows that the micromolecule has relatively strong anti-HIV-1 biological activity, can remarkably inhibit virus replication in MT-4 cells infected by HIV-1 viruses, and has relatively low cytotoxicity.

The application relates to a soluble silk fibroin pellet quick-freezing, separating and collecting device. The device comprises a low-temperature treatment tank, an external heat preservation tank, a feeding assembly, a separating assembly and an electric control system. The low-temperature treatment tank is nested in the external heat preservation tank and is adiabatic; the feeding assembly is arranged between a top cover plate and an adiabatic plate and comprises a material feeding pipe, a liquid nitrogen feeding pipe and a recovery pipe; a liquid drop pipe is arranged in the material pipe and is provided with a heating device arranged inside the liquid drop pipe to prevent freezing; liquid drops fall through the adiabatic plate into liquid nitrogen to be quickly frozen into small balls. The parameters of a stirring paddle can be adjusted to control the particle diameter, and a peristaltic pump and the specification of the drop pipe are used to control the size. The quick-frozen mixture flows into a separating tank through a low-temperature electromagnetic valve, small balls are intercepted by a screen, and liquid nitrogen is recycled. The electric control system is used for regulating and controlling stirring, the electromagnetic valve and heating power. The device can ensure resolubility through low shear quick freezing, the quick-frozen mixture can be freeze-dried in less than 24 hours due to the high specific surface area of the small balls, the cost is reduced through liquid nitrogen circulation, and the flux and particle diameter can be controlled through multi-parameter adjustment, so that the device is suitable for the preparation of silk fibroin and composite materials.

The invention discloses hydrogel capable of releasing growth factors after heat absorption and contraction and a preparation method of the hydrogel, and belongs to the field of biomedical materials. The hydrogel is of a three-layer composite structure, wherein the first layer is a sodium alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte semi-interpenetrating network layer and serves as a compact protective layer; the second layer is a bacterial cellulose-sodium alginate high-toughness layer and is used as a bearing layer and a shrinkage driving layer; and the third layer is a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-loaded poly (butylene adipate / terephthalate) (PBAT) electrostatic spinning film layer and is used as a medicine storage cavern. According to the invention, the characteristic that the bacterial cellulose / sodium alginate layer can generate reversible heat absorption volume shrinkage at a specific temperature is used as a physical driving force to extrude and promote the bFGF in the third layer of PBAT fiber membrane to directionally release outwards.

The invention provides an E7 peptide functionalized polyimide fiber scaffold as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of medical treatment. The E7 peptide functionalized polyimide fiber scaffold provided by the invention comprises a polyimide fabric, the surface of the polyimide fabric is coated with a polydopamine coating; and the surface of the polydopamine coating is coupled with E7 peptide. According to the E7 peptide functionalized polyimide fiber scaffold provided by the invention, the E7 peptide is combined with the PI fabric, so that the E7 peptide functionalized polyimide fiber scaffold has excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, surface hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. The BMSCs can be effectively recruited, and the osteogenic differentiation capability of the BMSCs can be enhanced. The scaffold provides a novel material selection with mechanical strength and biological activity for tissue engineering repair of MIRCT, and has clinical potential.

The application discloses a kind of hydrogel microneedle patches based on bletilla striata polysaccharide composite engineered exosome and its preparation method and application, belong to the technical field of biomedical materials, with bletilla striata polysaccharide and methacrylated hyaluronic acid as matrix, and the hydrogel microneedle with excellent mechanical properties is prepared.The natural polyphenol caffeic acid is used to modify the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosome, and the engineered exosome is loaded on the microneedle tip by centrifugation.The strong antioxidant capacity of caffeic acid is used to protect the structure of exosome, and a synergistic system is formed, combined with the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of the bletilla striata polysaccharide matrix itself, the diabetic wound microenvironment can be improved from multiple dimensions such as bacteriostasis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenesis.The preparation process of the application is simple and controllable, the product has high biological safety, and the active ingredients can be delivered precisely and minimally invasively, providing an efficient and safe solution for diabetic chronic wound repair.

The application discloses a polyketide synthase mutant and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of genetic engineering. The polyketide synthase mutant is obtained by deleting the N-terminal redundant sequence of AspiPKS7 from Cyathea. Replacing NnHispS in the original FBP light-emitting system with the polyketide synthase mutant can significantly improve the biological spontaneous light level. The application also provides a simplified and improved FBP system, which comprises the polyketide synthase mutant, CPH, H3H and Luz, and improves the application convenience and light-emitting capacity of the FBP system.