4152 results about "Ton" patented technology

The invention provides methods and apparatus for selectively producing ethanol from syngas. As disclosed herein, syngas derived from cellulosic biomass (or other sources) can be catalytically converted into methanol, which in turn can be catalytically converted into acetic acid or acetates. Finally, the acetic acid or acetates can be reduced to ethanol according to several variations. In some embodiments, yields of ethanol from biomass can exceed 100 gallons per dry ton of biomass.

Modern farming is currently being done by powerful ground equipment or aircraft that weigh several tons and treat uniformly tens of hectares per hour. Automated farming can use small, agile, lightweight, energy-efficient automated robotic equipment that flies to do the same job, even able to farm on a plant-by-plant basis, allowing for new ways of farming. A hybrid airship-drone has both passive lift provided by a gas balloon and active lift provided by propellers. A hybrid airship-drone may be cheaper, more stable in flight, and require less maintenance than other aerial vehicles such as quadrocopters. However, hybrid airship-drones may also be larger in size and have more inertia that needs to be overcome for starting, stopping and turning.

The present invention provides a resin capable of contributing greatly to solve environmental problems and problems related to exhaustion of fossil fuel resources and having physical properties suited for practical use.The polyester according to the present invention has a diol and a dicarboxylic acid as constituent components and has an amount of terminal acid of 50 equivalents / metric ton or less.

The invention relates to a determining method for surveying the reserves of hypotonic clastic rock oil-gas reservoir positioned on a clastic rock oil (gas) geological reservoir enrichment boundary, comprising the following steps of: carrying out statistical regression on the daily produced oil-gas data and water data of the traditional testing oil well and the traditional testing gas well and thecorresponding physical data, oil-bearing data and electrical data of an oil layer to determine the physical lower limit value, the oil-bearing lower limit value and the electrical lower limit value of an oil-gas layer, which correspond to industrial oil-gas flows; determining the minimum values of output and a sand body thickness according to the relationship between an effective thickness and test oil output and between the sand body thickness and test production; determining the area boundary of the oil-gas reservoir by using a sandrock thickness isoline method and an effective thickness isoline method; and calculating the reserves of the hypotonic clastic rock oil-gas reservoir. The invention solves the problem that the oil-bearing area of the traditional hypotonic clastic rock oil (gas) reservoir is extrapolated depending on artificial well points, is convenient to apply in the calculation of the reserves, can not only be used for more accurately calculating the reserves of oil (gas) reservoir, but also furthest save the exploration discovery workload and reduce the discovery cost of ton reserves, thereby enhancing the economic benefits of oil-gas exploration and development.

The invention discloses a system method for intelligent control over the continuous-casting process. Firstly, signals are collected to form a data center; then a temperature field model is designed to calculate the temperatures of continuous-casting key process nodes, and the temperatures of the continuous-casting key process nodes are stored into the data center; then logistics tracking of the continuous-casting process is achieved, and a 'casting blank-technological parameter and event' related database is formed; then rules and dispatching command information are obtained through data mining and artificial expertise, and virtual reality animation displaying of the equipment state, process operation state and command execution state is conducted; then a casting blank quality online grading system is built and casting blank grading is achieved; and finally, a coordination control system is built, energy consumption and water consumption are optimized, and large-closed-loop quality control and underlying loop control are achieved. Energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved by optimizing the related parameters of energy consumption and water consumption while the effects that the continuous casting blank quality is stable and the quality is improved continuously are ensured, so that the yield is improved, the cost of per ton of steel is reduced, the comprehensive production cost is reduced continuously, and normal and efficient operation of continuous casting is ensured.

The invention disclose a compound amino acid organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that the compound amino acid organic fertilizer consists of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 5 to 10 of compound amino acid, 0.3 to 0.5 of microbial yeasts, 16 to 29 of inorganic fertilizers, 5 to 10 of humic acid fertilizers and 0.2 to 1 of trace elements. A production method of the compound amino acid organic fertilizer comprises the following steps that: firstly, compound amino acid water solution, the microbial yeasts and the humic acid fertilizers are respectively prepared, then, inorganic compounds containing boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc are added into the compound amino acid water solution, and the chelation is carried out at a temperature being 80 to 110 DEG C so that the mixture becomes free-state chelated amino acid salt; after the metering, 10 to 50kg of raw materials are added into each ton of farmyard manure to be mixed, then, the mixed materials are placed into a warehouse for natural stacking and curing for 3 to 5 days and can be pelletized and packed to leave factories. The compound amino acid organic fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer and belongs to a compound organic fertilizer capable of improving the amino acid content of high-quality fragrant rice and fruit and vegetables, improving the fruit and vegetable quality and improving the sugar content of sugarcanes.

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and / or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.

The invention relates to a general-purpose composite Chinese herbal medicine immune enhancer for freshwater cultured fish, which is made of raw materials with the following weight ratios, based on the amount added per ton of feed: rhubarb 800-2000g; Sanqi 350-1000g; water Silybum 1200-2500g; Cassia 600-800g; Astragalus 600-2000g; Scutellaria baicalensis 500-900g; 500-1500g; Garlic 1000-2000g. After many tests in the laboratory, it has been proved that the general-purpose compound Chinese herbal medicine immune enhancer for freshwater aquaculture fish can improve the survival rate of a variety of freshwater aquaculture fish in the process of attacking viruses; The long-term breeding experiment of farmed fish feed proves that the general-purpose compound Chinese herbal medicine immune enhancer for freshwater farmed fish can effectively reduce the incidence of a variety of high-density farmed freshwater fish and improve the survival of the breed; the additive is safe, efficient, and has no side effects for long-term use. The breeding objects have strong vitality, rapid growth, bright body color, high feed conversion rate, and good breeding benefits.

Hundreds of thousands of concrete bridges, buildings etc. and hundreds of billions of tons of concrete require characterization throughout the process from manufacture to pouring and curing and on throughout service life. The characterization may relate to initial concrete properties, projected concrete properties, framework removal, corrosion, failure etc. Accordingly, a variety of measurements such as water content, electrical resistivity, and half-cell corrosion potential for example would be beneficially implemented as easy to use field test equipment or embedded sensors allowing lifetime monitoring to be performed rather than discrete assessments when issues become evident.

Garbage and waste of all types that includes or comprises organic matter, particularly including medical waste, plastics, paper, food waste, animal by-products, and the like, can be economically recycled into petroleum products, including oil. Machinery performs a method that mimics natural processes but accomplishes the task in minutes, at rates of about 15 tons per day in a typical processing machine, rather than taking hundreds of thousands of years in nature. The process and apparatus of the invention may chop the waste into small pieces, under negative pressure if appropriate, and then pass the waste into first and then second augers for compression and heating. Destructive distillation occurs, in which large molecular weight hydrocarbons and petrochemicals are heated by hot oil passing through the hollow shaft and by circulating hot, dense, hard material, such as steel balls or fragments or hard rock pieces and such, under pressure with steam, to produce low molecular weight hydrocarbons. The volatile hydrocarbons are released through a pressure relief valve, into a column of catalyst material, and then to a heat exchanger, which cools the gases to condensation temperatures of water and oil. Gases remaining, such as methane, are passed to a furnace or other use, and the water and oil are separated. The hot items used to put heat into the compressed material in the first stage auger are retrieved after processing is completed and then reheated and cycled back into the first stage auger.

The invention relates to an aluminum alloy anodizing line treatment process. The aluminum alloy anodizing line treatment process comprises a functional trough system and water washing trough systems arranged between functional troughs. The functional trough system is arranged along the flow direction of washing water in a manner that an upstream functional trough is compatible with a downstream functional trough, and the water washing trough systems are arranged in an overall phase-reversing in-series-connection manner. According to the aluminum alloy anodizing line treatment process, a mode in which a flowing water washing tank is separately configured for each functional trough in the traditional anodizing line is changed. Since all water washing troughs are connected in series in a phase-reversing manner, the number of the water inlets and outlets is greatly reduced and the water consumption is decreased from 25.0-35.0 tons per ton material to 5.0-6.0 tons per ton material and the water is saved by more than 80%. The treatment process disclosed by the invention has the advantages of low production cost, high efficiency and environmental friendliness and is suitable for industrial application.

Given the current world situation of fuel shortages and conflict over the finite amount of fuels available, it is very prudent to utilize every avenue available to increase the amount and quality of fuels available to use in power generation as well as other applications of steam. There are hundreds of thousands of tons of natural fuels, available for use here as well as other parts of the world. The BTU value of these waste materials is immeasurable. While most of these alternative fuels do not contain the highest BTU value, the amount of them available is beyond belief. The biggest drawback to alternative fuels has been the ease of utilization and quality of the product introduced into the combustors. Many years of testing and research by this individual have resulted in a variety of fuels that in addition to adding to the fuel supply of the world's consumers, will help to clean up the emission problems that are coming to the forefront of environmental concerns.

To deal with climate change, the present invention provides an eco-engineering for systematic carbon mitigation, in particular, a comprehensive carbon management system with a group of Stabilized Functional Carbons (SFCs) to reduce the total amount of carbons in atmosphere. SFCs are sourced and manufactured from the carbon-fixed biomass by one of the seven thermo-chemical treatments or one dehydration treatment with no less than 75% carbon conversion rates of the source material. The present invention transforms the perishable biomass into SFCs, which act as a carbon sink with stability and safety for at least 40 years' storage. The primary eco-friendly carbon and non-carbon mitigation are achieved by the sourcing, manufacturing and storage of SFCs. The advanced eco-friendly carbon and non-carbon mitigation are achieved at various pollution emission sources by the resource utilization of SFCs. An annual total amount of 0.5-10 billion tons of carbon emission could be reduced globally.

The invention provides a fracture-vug type oil reservoir water-flooding development effect evaluation method. The fracture-vug type oil reservoir water-flooding development effect evaluation method comprises the steps that fracture-vug units to be evaluated are divided into a plurality of injection and production well sets; the well control coefficient of each injection and production well set is calculated, and the well control effect interval of each well set is determined combined with a corresponding preset well control coefficient index; the water-flooding recovery efficiency and the oil exchange rate of per ton water of each injection and production well set are calculated, and the development effect interval of each well set is determined combined with a corresponding preset development coefficient index; the cumulative water content and the water storage rate of each injection and production well set are calculated, the judging that whether water channeling exists or not is performed according to the cumulative water content, a water storage effect interval is determined combined with a preset water storage rate index; the non-dimensional flexible yield ratio, the single reservoir pressure drop and the artificial water-flooding index of each injection and production well set are calculated, the natural energy interval of each well set is determined combined with a corresponding preset natural energy index, a water-flooding effect interval is determined combined with a preset artificial water-flooding index. The fracture-cavern type oil reservoir water-flooding development effect evaluation method fully reflects the water injection effect of the injection and production well sets and the reason of achieving the effects, and therefore the foundation and the basis and the pertinence of the provided adjustment measure are better achieved.

Novel premium blended pozzolans for use with hydraulic cement are created by intergrinding an ASTM Class F or Class C coal fly ash and a source of calcium sulfate, such as gypsum, so that the resultant mixture has a fineness of at least 90% passing through a 45 micron sieve. The novel mixture meets the requirements of ASTM C 618. Alternately, a novel concrete composition can be formed using the blended pozzolan with a hydraulic cement, aggregate and water so as to produce a concrete having improved strength, ASR mitigation, improved sulfate resistance and lowered permeability. The novel pozzolans not only reduce production costs by decreasing fuel and raw material consumption per ton of cement, but they also use by-product waste materials from another industry to create a premium product for the construction industry.

The invention discloses a process for treating restaurant-kitchen garbage by utilizing Hermitia illucens, which comprises the following steps of: carrying out solid-liquid separation on restaurant-kitchen garbage, wherein, the water content is 65-85%; crushing the restaurant-kitchen garbage into grains with the grain diameter of 2-50mm; adding auxiliary materials in the restaurant-kitchen garbageto form a treating material, wherein, the mass ratio of the restaurant-kitchen garbage to the auxiliary materials is 1: (0.25-1); adding 5,000,000-12,000,000 Hermitia illucens larvas which are 3-6 days old in per ton of processing material to form a mixture, wherein, the auxiliary materials are vegetable fiber auxiliary materials; adding the mixture into a barrel of a drum-type Hermitia illucens bioprocessor; leading the temperature of the mixture in the barrel to be 32-42 DEG C, and the relative humidity to be 35-75%; unloading after 3-5 days; sieving to separate the Hermitia illucens larvasand the treating remnants; and drying and smashing the treating remnants to be used as a feed. In the process provided by the invention, the treating period is controlled within 72 hours on the ideal condition, thus the restaurant-kitchen garbage can be transformed into a finished product of the feed, thus providing good guarantee for the continuous operations of restaurant-kitchen garbage treatment plants; and the space and resources are saved for the smaller inventory, and the potential pollution risks are avoided.

The invention provides an entrained flow gasifier used for the co-gasification of various forms of raw materials. The gasifier is formed by overlaying a gasification chamber and a cooling and washing chamber in a pressure-resisting shell. By adjusting a nozzle configuration scheme, the gasification of a single raw material and the co-gasification of gas-liquid-solid raw materials can be realized and the demands of different sizes of gasification systems can be satisfied. For a medium or small system, an overhead nozzle scheme is adopted for 50-1000 tons of coal per day. For a single serie of large-scale system, a multi-nozzle scheme is adopted for 1000-6000 tons of coal per day; the gasification furnace adopts impinging stream (oppesed multi-nozzle) and cross jet stream (overhead nozzle) to efficiently mix the raw materials and efficiently mix the raw materials and gasifying agents (oxygen and steam). The gasification furnace has excellent high flexibility, large load-adjusting range, high raw material utilization rate which is up to more than 98% and low specific oxygen consumption and specific raw material consumption, and the raw material is convenient to change.

The invention discloses a chlorine-free powdery cement grinding aid suitable for fly ash, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0-5 parts of alkanolamine, 2-5 parts of polylol,15-75 parts of sulfate, 5-20 parts of acetate, 0-5 parts of lignosulphonate, 2-6 parts of carbohydrate organic matter, 5-25 parts of miltonite, 0-25 parts of carbamide and 5-50 parts of inorganic carrier material. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the chlorine-free powdery cement grinding aid suitable for the fly ash. A compound grinding aid can lower the cement cost and uses the fly ash for replacing partial clinker to save the clinker dosage by 10-15 percent on the premise of keeping the cement strength unchanged, and uses extra 10-15 parts of fly ash without increasing the required water amount of cement standard consistency; the cost of the cement per ton is lowered by more than 10 Yuan.

The invention provides a kitchen garbage treatment method. The kitchen garbage treatment method specifically comprises the following steps that kitchen garbage is sorted, so that metal products, plastic products, glass products and ceramic products are removed; the sorted kitchen garbage is smashed into pulp, beneficial bacteria are added for primary fermentation, and secondary fermentation is conducted after heat preservation; and after secondary fermentation is completed, young hermetia illucens is added into the pulp for reproduction, and the hermetia illucens and manure are collected. The method overcomes the defects that according to traditional landfill, incineration and compost treatment method, secondary pollution is prone to being generated and steps are complicated and has the advantages that secondary pollution is avoided, dehydration and deoiling are not needed, and terminal products with high value can be obtained. Furthermore, the temperature of primary fermentation is preferably 50-80 DEG C, the temperature of secondary fermentation is preferably 30-40 DEG C, it is guaranteed that the total time for primary fermentation and secondary fermentation is not longer than ten hours, and the treatment cycle is greatly shortened. During actual treatment, the total amount of garbage treated every day can as large as 100 tons, and kitchen garbage can be effectively treated in time.

The invention discloses a straw carbon matrix biological organic fertilizer and a preparing method. China is the largest fertilizer importing country and the largest nitrogenous fertilizer producing country in the world, and has 7% of arable land on earth, but usage amount of fertilizers and pesticides is 35% of global total amount, and yearly needed amount of fertilizers are 150,000,000 tons. The utilization ratio of fertilizers in China is only 35%-45%, the balance is fixed or leached by soil, causing environmental problems of water body pollution, lake eutrophication and the like. The straw carbon matrix biological organic fertilizer is prepared from, by weight, 60-70 parts of a compost raw material, 25-30 parts of straw carbon of a microbial agent with an adsorption function, 2-5 parts of zeolite powder, 2-5 parts of bentonite and 0.5-1 part of a binder. The straw carbon matrix biological organic fertilizer is applied to the field of bio-fertilizers and green planting.

The invention discloses a method for planting organic passion fruit trees. The method includes the steps of variety selection, site selection, soil preparation, soil pH adjustment, establishment of a passion fruit tree foundation, field planting, reshaping and pruning, field management, blossoming, fruit yielding and the like. According to the method, organic fertilizer and a low-toxicity prevention method are adopted in fertilization and pest control, so that the pulp of produced passion fruits is full of yellow fruit juice, the content of sugar is high, the color is bright, the yield reaches up to 2 tons per mu each year, pollution is avoided, and five seasons of fruits can be harvested each year. The successful planting of the organic passion fruit trees provides a theoretical and practical basis for creating incomes of local farmers. According to the method, a leeward apricus flat ground is selected, and the place where a good source of water is obtained, the soil layer is thick, fertility of the soil is above the average and transportation is convenient is used as a planting foundation, so that it is guaranteed that the passion fruit trees can grow in a good environment, the roots of nursery-grown plants are planted in furrows and exposed to the sun, hence, the roots can better absorb sunshine, and fertilization and weeding are further facilitated.

The invention discloses a ton bag feeding device and a feeding method. The device comprises a support device, a ton bag clamping turnover mechanism, a turnover motive power mechanism, a material collection hopper, a belt weigher and a vacuum absorption device. The method comprises the following steps: putting ton bag packed material into a turnover cage, hanging lifting lugs of the ton bag on ton bag hooks, compressing a vacuum sucker to be clung to the bottom of the ton bag, starting a vacuum pumping device, and absorbing the ton bag by the vacuum sucker; starting a motor, overturning the turnover cage, flowing the material in the ton bag into the material collection hopper, enabling the ton bag to be absorbed due to the absorbing force of the vacuum sucker, and dropping the material gradually until all material in the ton bag is poured out; rotating the turnover cage in an opposite direction, closing the vacuum pumping device, and taking the ton bag down. The device and the method can realize mechanized operation to clean up once; no manual assistance is needed; accurate measuring and delivering of the material are realized; the vacuum sucker adopts an elastic structure; the service life is long; the equipment is simple, and 360 degrees overturning of the ton bag can be realized; the method is suitable for the discharging and the delivering of various ton bag packed material, especially particles and powdery material.

The invention discloses a water treatment method utilizing complex-ferrous-activated persulfate oxidation. The treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) firstly determining the pH value and CODcr (chemical oxygen demand) value of wastewater to be treated; (2) adding a complexing agent which is selected according to the pH value to the wastewater, and then adding ferrous ion to the wastewater for sufficiently mixing; and (3) adding a persulfate to the wastewater treated in the step (2) according to the CODcr value for full reaction to obtain purified wastewater. The method is applicable to the wastewater with various pH values; by using the method, the acid feeding cost is greatly reduced and the treatment cost of per ton of wastewater is lowered by approximate 20%; in addition, complex ferrous can slowly release free ferrous ion, thus ensuring that organic pollutants in the wastewater are durably and efficiently purified by a persulfate oxidation method and increasing the pollutant removal efficiency by 20-30%; and the method has the advantages of good durability and high efficiency, is environmentally-friendly, is easy to operate, and has great application potential in the field of environmental pollution treatment.

The invention relates to a modified AKD (Alkyl Ketene Dimer) neutral sizing agent which is a milk white liquid in appearance. The modified AKD neutral sizing agent comprises the following main materials: AKD, starch, paraffin, high molecular dispersant and other assistant materials. The modified AKD neutral sizing agent is mainly used for sizing paper pulp and improving the water resistance and impermeability of paper in the paper-making production process, and the consumption for every ton of paper is 10-20kg. Compared with like products, the quickly-cured modified AKD neutral sizing agent has the following advantages: (1) effective ingredient particles of the product are finer and more uniform and can be cured more tightly, the product has a longer quality guarantee period, and convenience is provided for transportation and storage; (2) the product is applicable to neutral paper pulp and can no longer result in the production of acidic paper-making sewage, thereby being beneficial to environmental protection; (3) the use effect of the product can act quickly, and the curing time is extremely short, thereby facilitating the effect monitoring and quality control in use, improving the production efficiency and enhancing the yield of paper; and (4) the consumption of the product is lower than that of other like products, thereby reducing the cost of production materials and improving the economic benefits of customers.

The utility model relates to a gantry type small circulation traction system for a main cable erection of a large-span suspension bridge, which belongs to the technical field of bridge superstructure construction. Set up a cable storage area behind the A anchorage, and install a 60-ton gantry crane and a cable-laying bracket; set up a traction cable revolving wheel behind this anchorage; set up a 25-ton main traction hoist and a balance weight bracket on the side of the B anchorage. The traction cable is connected by a puller at Anchor Anchor, bypasses the hoist drum at B Anchor Anchor, and is inserted through the balance weight bracket and each steering block to form a ring-shaped endless cable. Make a horizontal circular motion to form an independent small circular traction system. The small circulation system has the advantages of high power, large traction force, high construction efficiency and low cost.

The invention discloses a microalloy HRB500E steel bar containing chrome and nitrogen and a production method thereof. By fully utilizing the strengthening effect and the corrosion-proof effect of chrome on the steel bar, solid solution strengthening elements, namely manganese and silicon, are partially substituted, and a microalloy element, namely vanadium or columbium is partially or fully substituted; a cheap nitrogen element is used for performing microalloy treatment on the steel bar, so that the micro nitrogen separating strengthening effect is achieved; by the production method, the HRB500E steel bar can be produced; Rel of the steel bar is 520 to 580MPa, Rm of the steel bar is 640 to 730 MPa, A is 22 to 32 percent, Rm / Rel is 1.30 to 1.40, the cold bending qualified rate is 100 percent, the welding carbon equivalent weight is less than or equal to 0.50, and the comprehensive cost of one ton of steel bar is 40-100 yuan lower than that of one ton of the steel bar produced by the conventional method; during aging of three months, the fluctuation values of the Rm value and the Rel value are less than 10MPa; and the steel bar has excellent welding performance and good corrosion-proof property.

The invention discloses a method for smelting high-grade non-oriented silicon steel with excellent magnetism. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) smelting, namely smelting the following chemical components: less than or equal to 0.005 weight percent of C, 2.6 to 3.4 weight percent of Si, 0.2 to 0.5 weight percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 weight percent of S, 0.3 to 1.6 weight percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.005 weight percent of N, less than or equal to 0.005 weight percent of O, less than or equal to 0.0015 weight percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable inclusions, and modifying ladle top slag in the tapping process of a converter so as to ensure that the ladle top slag comprises 30 to 37 weight percent of CaO, 7 to 20 weight percent of SiO2, 35 to 45 weight percent of Al2O3, 5 to 9 weight percent of MgO, and 0.6 to 2.6 weight percent of T.Fe+MnO when the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus (RH) refining treatment begins; 2) performing RH refining, namely deoxidizing by using ferrosilicon when the decarburization of the RH refining is finished, wherein the adding speed of the ferrosilicon is less than or equal to 12.5kg / ton / min; and 3) adding 0.5 to 2.0 kg of calcium alloy into each ton of molten steel for the denaturation control of inclusions after the deoxidization and alloying are performed through the RH refining.

Biaxially oriented polyester films including polyester polymer, a carbodiimide hydrolysis stabilizer, and a UV absorber are described. The polyester films have a carboxyl end group concentration of 5-20 equivalents per ton, and a haze value of 2% or less. The films exhibit superior transparency and possess stable light transmission characteristics. Methods of making the films and articles produced from the films are also described.

The invention relates to low temperature-resisting H-shaped steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.12-0.22 percent of C, 0.10-0.40 percent of Si, 1.1-1.50 percent of Mn, not more than 0.025 percent of P, not more than 0.025 percent of S, 0.02-0.05 percent of Nb and the balance of iron and trace impurities. The preparation method of the low temperature-resisting H-shaped steel comprises the following steps of: desulfurizing, smelting by using a 120-ton top and bottom combined blown converter, refining by using an LF (Ladle Furnace), continuously casting shaped blanks and rolling large H-shaped steel, wherein after the refinement outside the furnace, the oxygen content in molten steel is not more than 10ppm, and in the continuously-casting process, the superheat degree is controlled to be 20-30 DEG C, the specifications of casting blanks are 555*440*90, 750*370*90 and 1024*390*90, the soaking temperature of a heating furnace is 1200-1300DEG C, the initial rolling temperature at the outer side of a flange is 1100-1180 DEG C, the temperature at the center of a web plate is 1100-1170 DEG C, the final rolling temperature at the outer side of the flange is 850-960 DEG C, the temperature at the center of the web plate is 800-880 DEG C, and the H-shaped steel with the specification of H250-H900 isrolled.